Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T08:11:52.304Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Role of Publicly Provided Electricity in Economic Development: The Experience of the Tennessee Valley Authority, 1929–1955

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2014

Carl Kitchens*
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Mississippi, 333 Holman Hall, University, MS 38677. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

I study the impacts of one of the largest regional development projects in American History, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), on a variety of economic outcomes. The TVA has been noted as an example of how to develop a region's water power potential to stimulate growth. In what follows, I show using a county-level panel dataset, that the TVA had little impact on economic growth in the South. I attribute these results to the institutional history of the TVA and the contractual agreements it signed in an effort to expand its service territory.

“…as a pebble dropped in a pond causes ripples to flow outward to the surrounding shores, the influence of TVA'slow rates flows outward to surrounding areas…”

TVA's Influence on Electric Rates 1965

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I would like to thank Jean-Laurent Rosenthal and two anonymous referees for their comments that substantially improved this article. I would also like to thank Price Fishback, Jonah Gelbach, Paul Rhode, Taylor Jaworski, Briggs Depew, Theresa Gutberlet, Todd Sorenson, and Manuela Angelucci, participants at the Southern Economic Association Meetings 2011, and Stanford Institute of Theoretical Economics 2012 for helpful comments. Financial support for this project came from the Economic History Association Travel Grant 2010 and the National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant Number 1022756.

References

REFERENCES

Alabama Power Cooperate History. Downloaded September 1, 2010, available online at http://www.alabamapower.com/centennial/economic.asp.Google Scholar
Barham, Tania, Mobarak, Mushfiq, and Lipscomb, Molly. “Development Effects of Electrification: Evidence from the Geologic Placement of Hydropower Plants in Brazil.American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 5, no. 2 (2013): 200–31.Google Scholar
Besley, Timothy, Persson, Torsten, and Sturm, Daniel M.. “Political Competition, Policy and Growth: Theory and Evidence from the U.S.The Review of Economic Studies 77, no. 4 (2010): 1329–52.Google Scholar
Chandler, William. The Myth of the TVA: Conservation and Development in the Tennessee Valley, 1933–80. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger, 1984.Google Scholar
Chicago Tribune 1945.Google Scholar
City of Alcoa. “Alcoa Inc. Needed Electricity.” Available online at http://www.cityofalcoa-tn.gov/content/view/full/817.Google Scholar
Commonwealth and Southern. Analysis of the Annual Report of the Tennessee Valley Authority, Released on December 31, 1936.Google Scholar
Comptroller General of the United States. “Report on the Audit of the TVA.” Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1945–1960.Google Scholar
Devine, Warren D.From Shafts to Wires: Historical Perspective on Electrification.The Journal of Economic History 43, no. 2 (1983): 347–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dinkelman, Taryn. “The Effects of Rural Electrification on Employment: New Evidence from South Africa.The American Economic Review 101, no. 7 (2011): 30783108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duflo, Esther, and Pande, Rohini. “Dams.The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 2 (2007): 601–46.Google Scholar
Edison Electric Institute. “Developing Electric Service for the Farm as Exemplified by the Organizations and Methods of Alabama Power Company Serial Report of the Rural Electric Service Committee,1929.Google Scholar
Fishback, Price V., Haines, Michael, and Rhode, Paul. “The Impact of the AAA on Farm Wages.” Working Paper presented at the NBER-Development of the American Economy Sessions at the Summer Institute. Cambridge, MA, July 23, 2012.Google Scholar
Fishback, Price V., Horrace, William C., and Kantor, Shawn. “Did New Deal Grant Programs Stimulate Local Economies? A Study of Federal Grants and Retail Sales During the Great Depression.The Journal of Economic History 65, no. 1 (2005): 3671.Google Scholar
Fishback, Price V., and Kitchens, Carl. “Flip the Switch: The Spatial Impact of the Rural Electrification Administration, 1935–1940.” University of Mississippi Working Paper, 2013.Google Scholar
Fleck, Robert K.Electoral Incentives, Public Policy, and the New Deal Realignment.Southern Economic Journal 65, no. 3 (1999): 377404.Google Scholar
Fleck, Robert K.Voter Influence and Big Policy Change: The Positive Political Economy of the New Deal.Journal of Political Economy 116, no. 1 (2008): 137.Google Scholar
Haines, Michael R. The Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. Historical, Demographic, Economic, and Social Data: The United States, 1790–2000 [Computer file]. ICPSR02896-v2. Hamilton, NY: Colgate University. Ann Arbor: MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research[producers] (2004).Google Scholar
Kitchens, Carl. “A Dam Problem: TVA's Fight Against Malaria, 1930–1955.The Journal of Economic History 73, no. 3 (2013): 694724.Google Scholar
Kline, Patrick, and Moretti, Enrico. “Local Economic Development, Agglomeration Economies and the Big Push: 100 Years of Evidence from the TVA” Working Paper, University of California Berkeley, 2013.Google Scholar
Martin, Thomas. The Story of Electricity in Alabama Since the Turn of the Century 1900–1952. Birmingham, AL: Birmingham Publishing Company, 1953.Google Scholar
McCraw, Thomas. Morgan vs. Lilienthal: The Feud within the TVA. Chicago, IL: Loyola University Press, 1970.Google Scholar
McCraw, Thomas TVA and the Power Fight, 1933–1939. New York: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1971.Google Scholar
Moriera, Marcelo. “A Conditional Likelihood Ratio Test for Structural Models.Econometrica 71, no. 4 (2003): 1027–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Office of Power. Tennessee Valley Authority. “Rate Reductions by the Distributors of TVA Power.” Chattanooga, TN, July 1956.Google Scholar
Revenue Bond Financing by TVA. “Hearings Before a Subcommittee of the Committee of Public Works United States Senate.” June 9–10, 1959.Google Scholar
Revenue Bond Financing by TVAHearing Before the Subcommittee on Flood Control: Rivers and Harbors.” June 28, 1966.Google Scholar
Severini, Edson. “The Power of Hydroelectric Dams: Agglomeration Spillovers.”Working Paper, University of California, Berkeley, 2012.Google Scholar
Strömberg, David. “Radio's Impact on Public Spending.The Quarterly Journal of Economics 119, no. 1 (2004): 189221.Google Scholar
Tennessee Valley Authority. “TVA Annual Report.” Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1934–1939.Google Scholar
Tennessee Valley AuthorityInvestigation of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Report of the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the TVA Congress of the United States.” Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1939.Google Scholar
Tennessee Valley AuthorityRate Reductions by the Distributors of TVA Power.” Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1956.Google Scholar
Tennessee Valley AuthorityTVA's Influence on Electric Rates.” Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1965.Google Scholar
Tennessee Valley AuthorityRegion Map.”Revised March 22, 2012 Available online athttp://www.tvaed.com/pdf/tva_region_map10.pdf.Google Scholar
The New York Times, various dates.Google Scholar
United States Army Corps of Engineers. “Tennessee River and Tributaries − North Carolina, Tennessee, Alabama, and Kentucky.” House Document #328. Washington, DC: Office of Government Printing, 1930.Google Scholar
United States Department of Agriculture. Rural Electrification Administration. “Allotment, Construction, Operating, and Financial Statistics or REA-Financed Systems–December 31, 1942.” Washington, DC: Office of Government Printing, 1944.Google Scholar
United States Federal Power Commission. Rate Series No. 4. “Rates for Electric Service to Commercial and Industrial Customers.” Washington, DC: Office of Government Printing, 1935.Google Scholar
United States Federal Power CommissionDomestic and Residential Rates.” Washington, DC: Office of Government Printing, 1936.Google Scholar
United States Federal Power Commission Rate Series No. 12. “Typical Monthly Bills.”Washington, DC: Office of Government Printing, 1938.Google Scholar
United States Federal Power Commission National Electric Rate Book. Washington, DC: Office of Government Printing, 1940.Google Scholar
United States Federal Power Commission Rate Series. “Typical Net Monthly Bills Residential Service Communities 250 Population or More.” Washington, DC: Office of Government Printing, 1940.Google Scholar