Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:40:35.981Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recent Contributions to Economic History: Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2011

W. T. Easterbrook
W. T. Easterbrook
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The present state of economic history in Canada contrastswith that of a quarter century ago. It could be written sharplyin the 1930's that the most distinctive work in Canadian economics was being done by economic historians concerned with the study of transportation and tariffs, trade associations and agricultural organizations, money and banking. There was at the same time a close approach to a generally accepted framework of analysis and interpretation and more than a suggestion of synthesis in Canadian historical writings. This pre-eminence of economic history and this unity of theme are now things of the past. As to the first, the rate of progress in economic analysis and statistics, in sociology and political theory, has brought with it both a change in status and the prospect of extensive revisions, factual and interpretative, of our views of the past. Similarly, a former unity of approach resting on the economics of staple production has lost ground before the complexities of modern industrial change. For the economic historian these changes promise much for present and future research even if, at the moment, they bring small comfort.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Economic History , Volume 19 , Issue 1 , March 1959 , pp. 76 - 102
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1959

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Skelton, O. D., “Fifty Years of Political and Economic Science in Canada,” Royal Society of Canada Anniversary Volume, 1882-1932 (Ottawa, 1932), p. 88Google Scholar.

2 See Fay, C. R., “The Toronto School of Economic History,” Economic History, III (01 1934)) 168–71Google Scholar. On “staples economics” he writes: “…the emphasis is on the commodity itself: its significance for policy; the tying in of one activity with another; the way in which a basic commodity sets the general pace, creates new activities, and is itself strengthened, or perhaps dethroned, by its own creation” (p. 171).

3 See Heaton, Herbert, “Clio's New Overalls,” The Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, XX (11 1954), 467–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also G. A. Elliott, “On Some New Fashions in Economic Theory,” ibid., XX (Nov. 1954), 478-92.

4 Ashley, W. J., “On the Study of Economic History,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, VII (01 1893), 24Google Scholar.

5 Among these must be listed Adam Shortt of Queen's, James Mavor of Toronto, W. C. Kierstead of New Brunswick. See Goodwin, C. D., “Canadian Economic Thought, 1814-1914” (Ph.D. dissertation, Duke University, 1958)Google Scholar.

6 See Mackintosh, W. A., “Fundamental Factors in Canadian Economic History,” Canadian Historical Review, IV (03 1923), 12–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also H. A. Innis, “Significant Factors in Canadian Economic Development,” ibid., XVIII (Dec. 1936), 374-84, and his “Transportation as a Factor in Canadian Economic History,” Proceedings of the Canadian Political Science Association, III (1931), 166–84Google Scholar.

7 Published in “The Relations of Canada and the United States Series” (Toronto: Ryerson Press; New Haven: Yale University Press, 1940)Google Scholar.

8 See Report of the Royal Commission on Dominion Provincial Relations, Book I, “Canada, 1867-1939” (Ottawa, 1940)Google Scholar; W. A. Mackintosh, “The Economic Background of Dominion-Provincial Relations” (published as Appendix III to the Report).

9 See Easterbrook, W. T., “Political Economy in a Staples-Producing Area,” paper prepared for the Duke University Seminar on Commonwealth Studies, 1959 (mimeographed)Google Scholar.

10 Fowke, Vernon, The National Policy and the Wheat Economy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957)Google Scholar.

11 Fowke, Vernon, “National Policy and Western Development in North America,” The Journal of Economic History, XIV (12 1956), 461–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 Britnell, G., “Perspective on Change in the Prairie Economy,” C.J.E.P.S., XIX (11 1953), 437–54Google Scholar. See also his “Underdeveloped Countries in the World Economy,” C.J.E.P.S., XXIII (11 1957), 453–66Google Scholar.

13 Dales, J. H., Hydroelectricity and Industrial Development: Quebec, 1848–1940 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

14 Ibid., p. 182.

15 Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957. See also his “Hudson's Bay Company Under Fire, 1847-1862,” Canadian Historical Review, XX (12 1949), 322–35Google Scholar and his “Land Policy of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1870-1913,” ibid., XXII (Mar. 1951), 1-21.

16 Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada, 1957.

17 A more complete bibliographical account of writings on the fur trade and other staples would entail reference to the publications of provincial and Dominion archives. On the fur trade, the issues of The British Columbia Quarterly, ed. Willard Ireland, should at least be given honorable mention.

18 Graham, Gerald, The Empire of the North Atlantic: The Maritime Struggle for North America (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1950)Google Scholar.

19 Bamford, P. W., Forests and Sea-Power: 1660-1789 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press)Google Scholar.

20 C.J.E.P.S., XXXIII (05 1957), 195–215Google Scholar.

21 Fay, C. R., Life and Labour in New foundland (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1956)Google Scholar.

22 Elliott, G. R., “Frontiers and Forms of Enterprise: The Case of the North Pacific, 1785-1825,” C.J.E.P.S., XXIV (05 1958), 251–61Google Scholar.

23 Letourneau, F., Histoire de I'agriculture (Canada franais) (Montreal: L'Imprimerie Populaire, Limitee, 1950)Google Scholar.

24 Lemelin, Charles, “The State of Agriculture,” in Falardeau, Jean C., ed., Essays on Contemporary Quebec (Quebec: Les Presses Universitaires Laval, 1953), ch. iii, pp. 55–56Google Scholar. See also Faucher, A., “Cooperative Trends in Canada,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, CCLIII (09 1947), 184–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

25 Faucher, A. and Vaillancourt, C., Alphonse Desjardins: Pionnier de la cooperation d'epargne et de credit en Amerique (Levis: Editions le Quotidien, Ltee, 1950)Google Scholar.

26 Jones, R. L., “Agriculture in Lower Canada, 1792-1815,” CHR, XXVII (03 1946), 33–51Google Scholar.

26 Jones, R. L., History of Agriculture in Ontario, 1663-1880 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1946)Google Scholar.

28 Morton, W. L., “Agriculture in the Red River Colony,” CHR, XXX (12 1949), 305–21Google Scholar. See also his “Introduction” to Rich, E. E., ed., “London Correspondence Inward from Eden Colville 1849-1852,” in Publications of the Hudson's Bay Record Society, XIX (London, 1956), xiii–cxvGoogle Scholar, and Morton, W. L., ed., “Alexander Begg's Red River Journal, and Other Papers Relative to the Red River Resistance of 1869-1870,” in Publications of the Champlain Society, XXXIV (Toronto, 1956), 1–148Google Scholar.

29 Morton, W. L., Manitoba: A History (Toronto: University of. Toronto Press, 1957)Google Scholar; The Progressive Party in Canada (Toronto: Universtiy of Toronto Press, 1950)Google Scholar.

30 Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1946. See also Drummond, W. M., Canadian Agricultural Development 1850-1900, paper prepared for the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Sept. 4-5, 1957. National Bureau of Economic Research, New York (mimeographed )Google Scholar.

31 Fowke, V., The National Policy and the Wheat Economy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957)Google Scholar.

32 MacGibbon, D. A., The Canadian Grain Trade 1931-1951 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1952)Google Scholar, a sequel to his The Canadian Grain Trade (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1932)Google Scholar. On the co-operative marketing of wheat, see Rolph, W. K., Henry Wise Wood of Alberta (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1950)Google Scholar, a biography of a leading figure in the establishment of the wheat pools.

33 Currie, A. W., The Economics of Canadian Transportation (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1954)Google Scholar.

34 Currie, A. W., The Grand Trunk. Railway of Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957)Google Scholar.

35 Currie, A. W., “The Post Office Since 1867,” C.J.E.P.S., XXIV (05 1958), 241–50Google Scholar.

36 Fleming, H., Canada's Arctic Outlet, A History of the Hudson Bay Railway (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1957)Google Scholar.

37 Aitken, H. G. J., The Welland Canal Company: A Study in Canadian Enterprise (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1954)Google Scholar.

38 Innis, H. A., “Memorandum on Transportation,” in Report of the Royal Commission on Transportation, 1951 (Ottawa: King's Printer, 1951), 294–307Google Scholar. See also Lessard, J. C., Transportation in Canada (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1958)Google Scholar.

39 McDiarmid, O. J., Commercial Policy in the Canadian Economy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1946)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

40 Annett, D. R., British Preferences in Canadian Commercial Policy (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1948)Google Scholar.

41 Blake, G., Customs Administration in Canada: An Essay in Tariff Technology (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

42 Elliott, G. A., Tariff Procedures and Trade Barriers: A Study of Indirect Protection in Canada and the United States (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1955)Google Scholar.

43 Mclvor, R. C., Canadian Monetary, Banking and Fiscal Development (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1958)Google Scholar.

44 See Curtis, C. A., “Evolution of Canadian Banking,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, CCLIII (09 1947), 115–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

45 Jamieson, A. B., Chartered Banking in Canada (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1955)Google Scholar.

46 Neufeld, E. P., Bank, of Canada Operations, 1935-1954 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1955)Google Scholar.

47 Pentland, C., “The Role of Capital in Canadian Economic Development Before 1875,” C.J.E.P.S., XXVI (11 1950), 457–74Google Scholar.

48 Perry, J. H., Taxes, Tariffs and Subsidies: A History of Canadian Fiscal Development (2 vols.; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1955)Google Scholar. See also his Taxation in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1953)Google Scholar, a study of the salient features of the present tax system in Canada, and Perry, J. H. and Moore, Milton, Financing Canadian Federation (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 1953)Google Scholar.

49 In C.J.E.P.S., XXI (11 1955), 432–45Google Scholar.

50 MacGregor, D. C., “Trends in Canadian Public Finance,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, CCLIII (09 1947), 105–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

51 Crawford, K. G., Canadian Municipal Government (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1954)CrossRefGoogle Scholar and the same author's “Some Aspects of Provincial-Municipal Relations,” C.J.E.P.S., XVI (08 1950), 394–407Google Scholar. See also Brittain, H. L., Local Government in Canada (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1951)Google Scholar; Birch, A. H., Federalism, Finance and Social Legislation in Canada, Australia and the United States (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1955)Google Scholar.

52 Logan, H. A., Trade Unions in Canada: Their Development and Function (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1948)Google Scholar.

63 Logan, H. A., State Intervention and Assistance in Collective Bargaining: The Canadian Experience 1943-1954 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1956)Google Scholar.

54 Jamieson, S., Industrial Relations in Canada (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1957)Google Scholar.

55 Montague, J. T., “International Unions and the Canadian Labour Movement,” C.J.E.P.S., XXXIII (02 1957), 69–82Google Scholar.

56 Masters, D. C., The Winnipeg General Stride (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1950)Google Scholar.

57 Corbett, D. C., Canadian Immigration Policy: A Critique (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957)Google Scholar. See also his “Immigration and Economic Development,” C.J.E.P.S., XVII (08 1951). 360–68Google Scholar.

58 Timlin, M., Does Canada Need More People? (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1951)Google Scholar.

59 Henripen, J., “From Acceptance of Nature to Control,” C.f.E.P.S., XXIII (02 1957), 10–19Google Scholar.

60 Lamontagne, M. and Falardeau, J. C., “The Life Cycle of French-Canadian Urban Families,” C.J.E.P.S., XIII (05 1947), 233–47Google Scholar.

61 Keyfitz, N., “Population Problems,” in Falardeau, J. C., ed., Essays on Contemporary Quebec (Quebec: Les Presses Universitaires Laval, 1953), ch. ivGoogle Scholar.

62 Hurd, B., “Demographic Trends in Canada,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, CCLHI (09 1947), 10–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For a more strongly analytical view of population change see Bladen, V. W., An Introduction to Politial Eonomy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1956), ch. v, pp. 94–123Google Scholar.

63 Main, O. W., The Canadian Nickel Industry: A Study in Market Control and Public Policy (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1955)Google Scholar.

64 Phillips, W. G., The Agricultural Implement Industry in Canada: A Study in Competition (Toronto: Universtiy of Toronto Press, 1956)Google Scholar.

65 Guthrie, J. A., The Economics of Pulp and Paper (Pullman: State College of Washington Press, 1956)Google Scholar.

66 Aitken, H. G. J., The Oil Industry in Canada, 1956 (mimeographed). See also Hanson, Eric J., Dynamic Decade (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1958)Google Scholar, a study of the impact of oil and gas developments on the economy of Alberta.

67 In Essays on Contemporary Quebec, chs. i-ii. See also comments by O. J. Firestone, pp. 38-44 of this volume. Kierstead, B. S. in his Theory of Economic Change (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1948, pp. 291–313)Google Scholar, presents a comparative view of selected maritime industries in the interwar period of this century. For a general survey of industrial expansion see Easterbrook, W. T., “Industrial Development in Canada,” Encyclopedia Americana, V, 347–53Google Scholar.

68 Bladen, V. W., An Introduction of Political Economy (3d. ed.; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1956), ch. viiiGoogle Scholar. See also his “Monopoly and Competition in Canada,” in Monopoly and Competition and Their Regulation (London: Macmillan Co., Ltd., 1954)Google Scholar, ch. i. See also Bladen, V. W. and Stykolt, S., “Combines and the Public Interest: An Economist's Evaluation,” in Anti-trust Laws: A Comparative Symposium (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1956), 45–90Google Scholar.

69 Rosenbluth, G., Concentration in Canadian Manufacturing Industries (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957)Google Scholar. See also review article based on this publication by Stykolt, S., “The Measurement and Causes of Concentration,” C.J.E.P.S., XXIV (08 1958), 415–19Google Scholar.

70 Denison, M., Harvest Triumphant: The Story of Massey-Harris: A Footnote to Canadian History (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1948)Google Scholar. See also his The Barley and the Stream: The Molson Story (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1955)Google Scholar.

71 A. Hoffman, Free Gold: The Story of Canadian Mining (New York: Rinehart & Company, 1946)Google Scholar.

72 Bourdais, D. M. Le, Metals and Men (Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1957)Google Scholar.

73 Bourdais, D. M. Le, Sudbury Basin: The Story of Nickel (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1953)Google Scholar.

74 Toronto: Clarke, Irwin & Company, 1956.

75 Burton, C. L., A Sense of Urgency: Memoirs of a Canadian Merchant (Toronto: Clarke, Irwin & Company, 1952)Google Scholar.

76 Innis, H. A., Essays in Canadian Economic History, ed. Innis, M. Q. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1956)Google Scholar. See also Creighton, D. F., Harold Adam Innis: Portrait of a Scholar (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

77 Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1950. Part III of the volume contains a review of structural changes in the Canadian economy and useful material on regional aspects of growth. See also Canadian Perspective: Some Aspects of Canada's Growth (Toronto: Bank of Nova Scotia, 1957)Google Scholar.

78 The following studies of Raoul Blanchard have been published since 1945: frangais, Le centre du Canada, “Province de Quebec” (Montreal: Librairie Beauchemin, 1947)Google Scholar; Montreal, esquisse de geographic urbaine (Grenoble: Allier, 1947)Google Scholar; L'Abitibi-T emiscaminque (Grenoble: Allier, 1949)Google Scholar; La Mauricie (Les Trots-Rivieres Editions du Vien Public, 1950)Google Scholar.

79 Minville, Esdras, ed., Etudes sur noire milieu (4 vols.; Montreal: Ecole des Hautes Com-merciales de Montreal, 1942-1944)Google Scholar. See in particular, I, ch. xv and II, ch. xiv.

80 Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1943 and 1954.

81 Toronto: Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1942 and 1951.

82 Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1956.

83 Creighton, D. G., Dominion of the North: A History of Canada (Toronto: Macmillan Company of Canada, 1944 and 1957)Google Scholar. See also the author's new edition of his Commercial Empire of the St. Lawrence (Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1937)Google Scholar, now titled The Empire of the St. Lawrence, an interpretation based on the idea of the St. Lawrence as the inspiration and basis of a transcontinental system.

84 Studies for the Royal Commission on Canada's Economic Prospects, although looking to the future rather than the past, range over the major sectors of Canadian manufacturing and industry. Surveys of the forest and mining industries, primary iron and steel, secondary manufacturing, the automotive industry, agricultural and industrial production, electrical manufacturing and electronics, and primary textiles promise much for our knowledge of the contemporary scene, and incidentally draw attention to the trend aspects that still await study.

85 Buckley, K., Capital Formation in Canada, 1896–1930 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1955)Google Scholar. See also his “Capital Formation in Canada,” in Problems of Capital Formation [Studies in Income and Wealth, XIX; National Bureau of Economic Reesarch, New York] (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957), 91–145Google Scholar.

86 Thunberg, Penelope Hartland, “Factors in Economic Growth in Canada,” The Journal of Economic History, XV (03 1955), 13–22Google Scholar. See also her “Canada's Balance of Payments Since 1868,” Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Sept. 1957, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York (mimeographed). Knox, F. A. provides a more general review of Canadian experience in “Canada's Balance of International Payments,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, CCLIII (09 1947), 134–42Google Scholar.

87 O. J. Firestone, Canada's Economic Development, 1867-1862, with Special Reference to Changes in the Country's National Production and National Wealth, paper prepared for the Third Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, Castelgondolfo, Italy, Sept. 1-7, 1953 (mimeographed). See also his Canada's Changing Economy in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century, paper prepared for the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Williamstown, Mass., Sept. 4-5, 1957 (mimeographed).

88 Smith, J. M., Canadian Economic Growth and Development from 1939 to 1955 (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1957)Google Scholar.

89 A more complete bibliographical account of statistical investigations than can be given in these pages would contain numerous references to the publications of federal and provincial government agencies. Publications on private and public investment, national accounts, income and expenditure, and Canada's balance of international payments merit more attention than can be given here. The close co-operation of government departments is in good part responsible for the rate of progress made in recent years toward a more adequate treatment of Canada's growth in the twentieth century. Special mention should be made of the Reference Papers of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics, each of which is a short monograph.

90 Hood, W. C. and Scott, A., Output, Capital and Labour (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1957)Google Scholar.

91 Malach, V. W., International Cycles and Canada's Balance of Payments, 1921-1933 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1955)Google Scholar.

92 Scott, A., Natural Resources: The Economics of Conservation (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1955)Google Scholar.

93 Keirstead, B. S., An Essay in the Theory of Profits and Income Distribution (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1957)Google Scholar.

94 Brecher, I., Monetary and Fiscal Thought and Policy in Canada, 1910-1919 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1957)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

95 Clark, S. D., “The Religious Sect in Canadian Economic Development,” C.J.E.P.S., XII (11 1946), 439–53Google Scholar; and “The Religious Factor in Canadian Economic Development,” The Journal of Economic History, VII (12 1947), 89–103Google Scholar. See also his Church and Sect (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1948)Google Scholar.

96 Clark, S. D. in The Journal of Economic History, VII (12 1947), 102Google Scholar.

97 Clark, S. D., “Religion and the Economic Backward Areas,” Papers and Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, Chicago, Dec. 30, 1950, XLI (05 1951), 258–65Google Scholar.

98 Lamontagne, M., Le federalism canadien: evolution et problems (Quebec: Les Presses Universitaires Laval, 1954)Google Scholar. On the economic and political forces and aspirations behind the movement for autonomy in the western provinces at the turn of the century, see Linjjard, C. C., Territorial Government in Canada: The Autonomy Question in the Old North West Territories (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1946)Google Scholar.

99 Mallory, J. R., Social Credit and the Federal Power in Canada (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1954)Google Scholar.

100 Macpherson, C. B., Democracy in Alberta: The Theory and Practice of a Quasi-Party System (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1953)Google Scholar.

101 Buckley, Kenneth, The Role of Staple Industries in Canada's Economic Development, paper read to the Economic History Association, Toronto, 09 1958Google Scholar.

102 Zaslow, M., “The Frontier Hypothesis in Canadian Historiography,” CHR, XXIX (06 1948), 153–66Google Scholar.

103 Clark, S. D., “The Frontier and Democratic Theory,” Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, XLVIII, Series III (06 1954), 65–75Google Scholar.

104 Careless, J. S. M., “Frontierism, Metropolitanism and Canadian History,” CHR, XXXV (03 1954), 1–21Google Scholar.

105 Brebner, J. B., North Atlantic Triangle: The Interplay of Canada, the United States and Great Britain (New Haven: Yale University Press and Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1945)Google Scholar.

106 See Aitken, H. G. J., Defensive Expansion: The State and Economic Growth, paper prepared for the Social Science Research Committee on Economic Growth, 1956 (mimeographed)Google Scholar.

107 Aidcen, H. G. J., The Changing Structure of the Canadian Economy with Particular Reference to the Influence of the United States, paper prepared for the Duke University Commonwealth Studies Center, Summer 1958 (mimeographed)Google Scholar. See also Lamontagne, M., The American Economic Impact on Quebec, a paper prepared for the same center, Summer 1958 (mimeographed)Google Scholar.

108 Easterbrook, W. T., “Long-Period Comparative Study: Some Historical Cases,” The Journal of Economic History, XVII (12 1957), 571–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

109 Brecher, I. and Riesman, S. S., Canada-United States Economic Relations (Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1957)Google Scholar.