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Money and Politics in the Rebuilding of Paris, 1860–1870*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 February 2011

David H. Pinkney
David H. Pinkney
Affiliation:
University of Missouri
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Extract

During the winter of 1867–1868 readers of Le Temps were entertained by a series of articles on the municipal finances of Paris by one of the paper's sharp-tongued contributors, the republican deputy Jules Ferry. The substance of the articles was not original, nor were they the most revealing of the many publications on the subject that appeared during the ‘sixties, but they were cutting and witty, and in 1868 Ferry republished diem as a booklet with an arresting title, The Fantastic Accounts of Haussmann. (Comptes fantastiques d'Haussmann was a pun on Contes fantastiques d'Hoffmann, a play presented at the Odéon in 1851 and later set to Offenbach's music.) When more analytical studies were forgotten, Ferry's work was remembered. The title found its way into popular histories, and for most people, Baron Haussmann's financing of the rebuilding of Paris is still something seen darkly through the glass of Ferry's political pamphlet.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Economic History , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , March 1957 , pp. 45 - 61
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 1957

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References

1 Temps (Paris), December 20, 24, 31, 1867; January 10, March 17, April 11, 28, May 5, 11, 1868; Jules Ferry, Comptes fantastiques d'Haussmann (Paris, 1858Google Scholar).

2 Journal officiel de l'Empire français, November 28, 1869; pp. 1521–23 [hereafter cited as J.O.]; New York Times, May 18, 1955.

3 Moniteur universel (Paris), December 11, 1867, p. 1544; J.O., April 14, 1869, p. 524; November 28, 1869, pp. 1521–22; Haussmann, G. E., Mémoires, Vol. II: Préfecture de la Seine (4th ed.; Paris, 1890), pp. 304–5, 313–16Google Scholar (hereafter cited as Haussmann, Mémoires, II).

4 Moniteur, December 11, 1867, p. 1544; J.O., April 14, 1869, p. 524; Haussmann, Memoires, II, 304–5, 308; Say, LéonExamen critique de la situation financièrs de la ville de Paris (Paris, 1866), pp. 29–33Google Scholar; Devilleneuve, L. M., Carette, A. A., and Gilbert, P., Recueil général des lois et des arrêts, 2e Série, An 1859, IIIe Partie, p. 23Google Scholar; An 1861, I re Partie, pp. 497–502; IIe Partie, pp. 401–4; An 1865, Ire Partie, pp. 458–60.

5 Archives nationales, Paris, C 1059, Corps législatif, Session 1859, Procès-verbaux de la Commission du Budget, pp. 345–47; Paris, Caisse des Travaux de, Compte moral et financier des opérations effectués du 3 janvier 1859 au 31 décembre 1861 (Paris, 1862), pp. 1–8Google Scholar.

6 Girard, Louis, La Politique des travaux publics du Second Empire (Paris, 1951), pp. 167, 170–1Google Scholar; Arch, nat., C 1058, Corps légis., Session 1858, Dossier No. 169; Ibid., 45 AP 19, letter, Fould to Emperor, January 1865; Moniteur, May 10, 1858, pp. 601–2. (I am much indebted to Louis Girard for suggestions obtained both from his book and from personal conversation with him.)

7 Arch, nat., C 1070, Corps légis., Session 1860, Dossier No. 200; Ibid., C 1102, Corps légis., Session 1865, Dossier No. 55; Moniteur, December 6, 1860, p. 1438; December 12, 1861, p. 1735; December 4, 1862, p. 1667; December 6, 1863, p. 1473; July 1, 1865, pp. 951–53, 963; July 18, 1865, pp. 1039–40; August 12, 1865, pp. 1122–23; Gaston Cadoux, Les Finances de la Ville de Paris de 1798 à 1900 (Paris, 1900), pp. 256–57, 262Google Scholar; Halbwachs, M., Les Expropriations et le prix des terrains à Paris (1860–1900) (Paris, 1909), pp. 186, 188.Google Scholar

8 Moniteur, May 27, 1859, p. 610; May 28, 1859, p. 614; July 21, 1860, pp. 870, 871; March 20, 1861, pp. 397–99; March 16, 1862, p. 388; March 18, 1862, pp. 397–98; June 25, 1862, pp. 946–47; April 29, 1863, p. 664; May 27, 1864, p. 773; April 7, 1865, pp. 400–1; June 25, 1865, p. 901; July 1, 1865, p. 952; April 12, 1867, p. 443; Arch, nat., C 1088, Corps légis., Session 1863, Dossier No. 39; Ibid., 45 AP 19, letter, Fould to Emperor, January 1865; 45 AP 19, “Note sur les finances de la Ville de Paris” [apparently from Fould to Rouher, 1865].

9 Moniteur, May 27, 1864, p. 772.

10 Ibid., May 9, 1858, p. 594; May 10, 1858, pp. 601–2; May 27, 1869, p. 610; May 28, 1859, p. 614; July 21, 1860, pp. 870–71; March 20, 1861, pp. 397–99; March 8, 1862, p. 326; March 16, 1862, p. 388; March 18, 1862, pp. 397–98; June 25, 1862, pp. 946–47; February 12, 1863, p. 214; April 29, 1863, p. 664; January 21, 1864, pp. 103–4; May 27, 1864, pp. 771–73; April 6, 1865, p. 395; April 7, 1865, pp. 400–2; June 25, 1865, p. 901; July 1, 1865, pp. 952–53; July 2, 1865, pp. 962–63, 965; June 27, 1866, pp. 840–42; April 11, 1867, pp. 436–37; April 12, 1867, pp. 441–43; April 13, 1867, p. 448; July 23, 1867, pp. 1011, 1013–14.

11 Ibid., November 19, 1858, p. 1413; January 8, 1859, p. 25; June 13, 1859, p. 701; December 31, 1859, p. 1485; Caisse des Travaux de Paris, Compte moral ct financier, 1859–61, pp. 1–8; Arch, nat., C 1059, Procès-verbaux (henceforth P.-v.), Comm. du Budget, pp. 345–46, 349.

12 Arch, nat., C 1059, P.-v., Comm. du Budget, pp. 280–84, 344–49, 397–400, 416–17, 421–26; C 1059, “Extraits des delibérations du Conseil d'Etat,” April 28, 1859, May 3, 1859; C 1059. “Amendements présentés au Conseil d'Etat par la Commission”; C 1059, Texte du Budget général, May 24, 1859; Ibid., Flc III Seine 31, “Budget général” 1860, Mémoire du Conseil d'Etat; Flc III Seine 31, letter, Minister of the Interior to President of Corps légis., April 1859.

13 Ibid., C 1065, Corps légis., Session 1860, P.-v., Comm. du Budget, pp. 361–63; C 1145, Corps légis., Session 1869, “Rapport fait au Conseil municipal de Paris par M. Devinck,” p. 66; Travaux, Caisse des, Compte moral et financier, 1859–69 (9 vols.; Paris, 1862–1870Google Scholar); Say, Léon, Observations sur le système financier de M. le Préfet de la Seine (Paris, 1865), pp. 32–39Google Scholar; Say, Exatnen critique, pp. 16, 19, 38–39; J.O., February 27, 1869, p. 254; November 28, 1869, pp. 1522–23.

14 Moniteur, July 1, 1865, p. 952; J.O., November 28, 1869, p. 1523; Revue générale de l'architecture et des travaux publics, XVI (1858), 233Google Scholar.

15 Arch, nat., C 1134, Corps légis., Session 1869, “Traité entre la Ville de Paris et MM. Ardoin, Ricardo et Cie.” December 23, 1861; C 1145, Corps légis., Session 1870, “Reésumé des traités de concession relatifs aux grandes opérations de voirie” [report by City of Paris, 1869], pp. 1–8; Moniteur, December 11, 1867, p. 1544; J.O., April 1.4, 1869, pp. 524–25.

16 Ibid., C 1134, P.-v., Commission du traité ‘entre Paris et le Crédit foncier, Session of May 16, 1859; C 1145, “Résumé des traités,” pp. 6–8.

17 Ibid., C 1134, “Extraits des Procès-verbaux du Conseil d'Administration, Credit Foncier de France,” December 30, 1861; December 10, 1862.

18 Ibid., C 1134, P.-v., Comm. du traité, Session of May 16, 1859; C 1145, “Résumé; des traités,” p. 8.

19 Ibid., C 1134, “Traité entre la Ville de Paris et M. Berlencourt,” August 5, 1864; C 1134, Dossier No. 140, Doc. Nos. 62, 104 (sample of a delegation bond); C 1134, “Résumé des traités,” pp. 11–12.

20 Ibid., 45 AP 19, Table of delegation bonds issued 1865–68; C 1134, Crédit foncier, “Etat des Bons de Deélégation,” 1862–68; C 1134, Paris, “Etat des ressources, des engagements et des restes disponibles, 1869 à 1877”; C 1134, “Résumé des traités,” pp. 13–24, 26–29.

21 Ibid., C 1134, “Etat des Bons de Délégation”; C 1134, “Extrait des Procès-verbaux du Conseil d'Administration, Crédit foncier de France,” December 30, 1863; July 13, 1864; C 1134, “Compte rendu au nom du Conseil d'Administration du Crédit foncier de France,” Exercice 1862; Moniteur, May 6, 1863, p. 712; May 2, 1864, p. 601; May 3, 1865, p. 527; May 6, 1866, p. 521; April 28, 1867, p. 507; Léon Say, La Ville de Paris et le Crédit foncier; leltre a MM. les membres de la Commission du Corps législatif (Paris, 1868), pp. 7–8Google Scholar.

22 Say, Observations, pp. 7, 36, 44–49, 55–56; Michel, Georges, Léon Say (2d ed.; Paris, 1899), pp. 42, 44–45Google Scholar.

23 Moniteur, April 7, 1865, p. 400; June 27, 1866, pp. 841–42.

24 Ibid., April 1, 1867, pp. 436–38; April 12, 1867, pp. 441–43; April 13, 1867, p. 448; December 11, 1867, p. 1544.

25 Girard, Politique des travaux publics, pp. 269–75, 366–72; Revue des deux mondes, LXVII (February 15, 1867), 1002–4; LXVIII (April 15, 1867), 1042–45; LXXI (October i, 15, 1867), 780–82, 1040–41; LXXII (December 15, 1867), 1027–28.

26 J.O., February 27, 1869, p. 255; Arch, nat., C 1134, “Mémoire du Préfet au Conseil municipal,” November 8, 1867.

27 Moniteur, June 5, 1868, p. 779; August 8, 1868, pp. 1176–77; August 9, 1869, p. 1179; Arch, nat., C 1134, P.-v., Commission du traité entre Paris et le Crédit foncie; C 1134, “Amendements,” Docs. No. 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39; C 1134, “Extraits du Registre des Déliberations,” Conseil d'Etat, Sessions of July 9, 16, 1868.

28 Arch, nat., 45 AP 1, Rouher's notes on cabinet meetings, May 2, July 18, 1868; Moniteur, July 24, 1868, p. 1109.

29 Moniteur, February 23, 1869, pp. 233–34; J.O., February 23, 1869, p. 231.

30 J.O., February 23, 1869, pp. 231–34.

31 Ibid., February 24, 1869, p. 237.

32 Ibid., February 24, 1869, pp. 236–38; February 25, 1869, pp. 242–44; February 26, 1869, pp. 248–50; Moniteur, February 28, 1869, p. 247.

33 Times (London), March 2, 1869; J.O., February 27, 1869, pp. 254–55; Moniteur, February 27, 1869, p. 247; Revue des deux mondes, LXXX (March 1, 1869), 264–67Google Scholar.

34 Moniteur, February 27, 1869, p. 247.

35 J.O., March 3, 1869, p. 273.

36 Ibid.

37 Ibid., March 3, 1869, pp. 271–74; March 4, 1869, pp. 279–83; Moniteur, May 3, 1862, p. 639; May 3, 1869, p. 669; Schnerb, Robert, Rouher et le Second Empire (Paris, 1949), p. 230Google Scholar.

38 J.O., March 3, 1869, pp. 271–74; March 5, 1869, p. 286; March 7, 1869, p. 304; Moniteur, March 6, 1869, p. 277; Times, March 8, 1869.

39 Haussmann, Mémoires, II, 536–37; Ollivier, Emile, L'Empire liberal (18 vols.; Paris, 1895–1918), XII, 358–59Google Scholar.

40 J.O., January 6, 1870, p. 19.

41 Halbwachs, Expropriations, p. 188; Arch, nat., C 1145, Corps légis., Session 1870, Procèsverbaux, Commission du budget de la ville de Paris, Sessions of June 29, July 5, 6, 1870; C 1145, “Exposé des motifs,” Budget extraordinaire de Paris, 1870; C 1147, Corps légis., Session 1870, petitions for public works; J.O., July 20, 1870, p. 1291.