Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T08:11:28.610Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Importance of Slavery and the Slave Trade to Industrializing Britain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2012

David Eltis
Affiliation:
Peofessor of History at Queen's University, Research Lecturer at the University of Hull, England, and Research Fellow at the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute at Harvard University. Email: [email protected].
Stanley L. Engerman
Affiliation:
John H. Munro Professor of Economics and Professor of History at the University of Rochester, and Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Email: [email protected].

Extract

John Stuart Mill's comment that the British Caribbean was really a part of the British domestic economy, because almost all its trade was with British buyers and sellers, is used to make a new assessment of the importance of the eighteenth-century slave systems to British industrialization. If the value added and strategic linkages of the sugar industry are compared to those of other British industries, it is apparent that sugar cultivation and the slave trade were not particularly large, nor did they have stronger growth-inducing ties with the rest of the British economy.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, , Robert, . “Agriculture During the Industrial Revolution.” In The Economic History of Britain since 1700, 3 volumes, edited by Floud, Roderick and McCloskey, D. N., Vol. 1: 96123. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Anon. The State of the Case for the Sugar Plantations. London, n.p., n.d.Google Scholar
Austen, Ralph A., and Smith, Woodruff D.. “Private Tooth Decay as Public Economic Virtue: The Slave-Sugar Triangle, Consumerism, and European Industrialization.” In The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe, edited by Inikori, Joseph E. and Engerman, Stanley L., 183203. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Bailey, , Ronald, . “The Slave(ry) Trade and the Development of Capitalism in the United States: The Textile Industry in New England.” In The Atlantic Slave Trade, edited by Inikori, Joseph E. and Engerman, Stanley L., 205–46. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Blackburn, , Robin, . The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800. London: Verso, 1997.Google Scholar
British Library. Additional Manuscripts, 11,411.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. H.Scotland since 1707: The Rise of an Industrial Society. London: J. Donald, 1965.Google Scholar
Coleman, D. C.The British Paper Industry, 1495–1860: A Study in Industrial Growth. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958.Google Scholar
Crafts, , Nick, . “The Industrial Revolution.” In Economic History of Britain Since 1700, 2nd ed., 3 vols., edited by Floud, Roderick and McCloskey, D.N., vol. 1: 4459. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Curtin Philip, D.Economic Change in Pre-Colonial Africa: Supplementary Evidence. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Cuenca, Esteban, Javier, . “The Rising Share of British Industrial Exports in Industrial Output, 1700–1851.” This JOURNAL 57 (1997): 879906.Google Scholar
Darity William, A. “British Industiy and the West Indies Plantations.” In The Atlantic Slave Trade, edited by Inikori, Joseph E. and Engerman, Stanley L., 247–79. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, , David, Brion. Slavery and Human Progress. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Deane, , Phyllis, and Cole, W. A.. British Economic Growth, 1688–1959. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Drescher, , Seymour, . Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Drescher, , Seymour, . “Capitalism and Slavery After Fifty Years.” Slavery and Abolition 18, no. 3 (1997): 212-27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eburne, , Richard, . Plaine Pathway to Plantations. London: John Marriot, 1624.Google Scholar
Ellison, , Thomas, . The Cotton Trade of Great Britain. London: Cass, 1968. (Reprint of 1886 edition).Google Scholar
Eltis, , David, . The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Eltis, , David, . “The Slave Economies of the Caribbean: Structure, Performance, Evolution and Significance.” In The UNESCO General History of the Caribbean, vol 3, The Slave Societies of the Caribbean, edited by Knight, Franklin, 104–37. London: Macmillan, 1997.Google Scholar
Eltis, , David, . “New Estimates of Exports from Barbados and Jamaica, 1665–1701.” William and Mary Quarterly, 52, no. 4 (1995): 631–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eltis, David, Behrendt, Stephen D., and Richardson, David. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A New Census. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Eltis, David, Behrendt, Stephen D., Richardson, David, and Klein, Herbert S.. The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Database on CD-ROM. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Engerman Stanley, L.The Slave Trade and British Capital Formation in the Eighteenth Century: A Comment on the Williams Thesis.” Business History Review 46, no. 4 (1972): 430–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engerman Stanley, L.The Atlantic Economy of the Eighteenth Centuiy: Some Speculations on Economic Development in Britain, America, Africa and Elsewhere.” Journal ofEuropean Economic History 24, no. 1 (1995): 146–75.Google Scholar
Fisher John, R.Commerce and Imperial Decline: Spanish Trade with Spanish America, 1797–1820.” Journal of Latin American Studies 30, no. 3 (1998): 459–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flinn Michael, W.History of the British Coal Industry. 5 volumes. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Gill, , Conrad, , The Rise of the Irish Linen Industry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1924.Google Scholar
Higman Barly, W.Slave Population and Economy in Jamaica, 1807–1834. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Higman Barly, W.Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807–1834. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, , Eric, . Industry and Empire: From 1750 to the Present Day. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981.Google Scholar
Holderness, B. A. “Prices, Productivity and Output.” In The Agrarian History of England and Wales, vol 6, 1750–1850, edited by Mingay, G.E., 84189. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Inikori Joseph, E. “Slaveiy and the Development of Industrial Capitalism in England.” In British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery: The Legacy of Eric Williams, edited by Solow, Barbara and Engerman, Stanley L., 79101. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
James, C. L. R.The Black Jacobins. New York: Random House, 1963.Google Scholar
Kahan, , Arcadius, . “Eighteenth-Century Russian-British Trade: Russia's Contribution to the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.” In Great Britain and Russia in the Eighteenth Century: Contacts and Comparisons, edited by Cross, A.G., 181–89. Newtonville, MA: Oriental Research Partners, 1979.Google Scholar
Lockhart, , James, , and Schwartz, Stuart B.. Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Herbert H.Russian Overseas Commerce with Great Britain During the Reign of Catherine II. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1995.Google Scholar
Macpherson, C. B.The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Maddison, , Angus, . Class Structure and Economic Growth: India and Pakistan since the Moghuls. London: Allen and Unwin, 1971.Google Scholar
Maddison, , Angus, . “Dutch Income in and From Indonesia.” In Economic Growth in Indonesia, 1920–1940, edited by Maddison, Angus and Prince, . Dordrecht: Foris, 1989.Google Scholar
Malthus, , Thomas, . Principles of Political Economy. 2nd ed.New York: A. M. Kelly, 1964. (Reprint of 1836 edition).Google Scholar
Mathias, , Peter, . “An Industrial Revolution in Brewing, 1700–1830.” Explorations in Entrepreneurial History 5, no. 2 (1953): 209–24.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart. Principles ofPolitical Economy with Some of their Applications to Social Philosophy. 2 volumes. London: Routledge, 1895.Google Scholar
Mitchell, B. R.British Historical Statistics. 2nd ed.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.Google Scholar
Moreno, Fraginals, Manuel, . El Ingenio: Complejo económico social cubano del azúcar. 3 volumes. Havana: Comisión Nacional Cubano de la UNESCO, 1978.Google Scholar
Morgan, , Kenneth, . “Atlantic Trade and British Economic Growth in the Eighteenth Century.” In International Trade and British Economic Growth from the Eighteenth Centuryto the Present Day, edited by Mathias, Peter and Davis, John A., 1433. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996Google Scholar
O'Brien, , Patrick, . “Inseparable Connections: Trade, Economy, Fiscal State, and the Expansion of Empire, 1688–1815.” In The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century. edited by Marshall, P.J., 5377. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Pagden, , Anthony, . “The Struggle for Legitimacy and the Image of Empire in the Atlantic to c. 1700.” In The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. 1, The Origins of Empire, edited by Canny, Nicholas, 3454. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Pares, , Richard, . “The Economic Factors in the History of the Empire.” Economic History Review 7, no. 1 (1937): 119–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, , Orlando, . Freedom. 3 vols. New York, 1991.Google Scholar
Richardson, , David, . “The Slave Trade, Sugar, and British Economic Growth, 1748–1776.” In British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery, edited by Solow, Barbara and Engerman, Stanley, 103–33. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Ryden, David Beck. “Does Decline Make Sense?” Paper presented to the Social Sciences History Association Meetings in Washington, 11 1997.Google Scholar
Sée, Henri, . Modern Capitalism. New York: Adelphi, 1928.Google Scholar
Sheridan Richard, B.The Wealth of Jamaica in the Eighteenth Century.” Economic History Review 18, no. 2 (1965): 292311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smout, T. C.A History of the Scottish People, 1560–1830. New York: Scribner, 1969.Google Scholar
Solow, , Barbara, . “Capitalism and Slavery in the Exceedingly Long Run.” In British Cap italism and Caribbean Slavery: The Legacy of Eric Williams, edited by Solow, Barbara and Engerman, Stanley L., 5177. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Solow, , Barbara, . “Caribbean Slavery and British Growth: The Eric Williams Hypothesis.” Journal of Developmental Economics 17, nos. 1–2 (1985): 99115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinfeld, , Robert, . The Invention of Free Labor: The Employment Relation in English and American Law and Culture, 1350–1870. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Temperley, , Howard, . “Capitalism, Slavery and Ideology.” Past and Present 75 (1977): 94118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, R. P.The Sugar Colonies of the Old Empire: Profit or Loss for Great Britain?Economic History Review 21, no. 1 (1968): 3045.Google Scholar
United Kingdom. House of Lords. “Report of the Lords Committee of Council appointed for the Consideration of all Matters Relating to Trade and Foreign Plantations” Sessional Papers, 1789, 26 (646a).Google Scholar
United States. Bureau of the Census. Ninth Decennial Census: Final Reports, Volume 3, The Statistics of the Wealth and Industry of the United States. Washington, DC, 1872.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, , Immanuel, . The Modern World System, vol.3, The Second Era of Great Expansion of the Capitalist World-Economy. New York: Academic Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Willan, T. S.Trade Between England and Russia in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century.” English Historical Review 63, no. 248 (1948): 307–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, , Eric, . British Historians and the West Indies. London: Deutsch, 1966.Google Scholar
Williams, , Eric, . Capitalism and Slavery. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1944.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A., and Schofield, R. S.. The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A Reconstruction. London: E. Arnold, 1981.Google Scholar