¹ The final printing was entitled Life and Labour of the People in London by Macmillan –03, 17 volumes. A study of Booth with excerpts has been recently published: Pfautz, Harold, Charles Booth on the City (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967).Google Scholar

² I have never met anyone personally who claimed to have actually read all of the Booth volumes. I well recall staring in dismay at the long row of volumes, bound in white kid, that was delivered to me years ago in the Bodleian Library when I had ordered Booth up from the stacks in utter ignorance of what I was proposing to read and take notes on, with my pad of paper and ball-point pen.

³ III, 303–4.

⁴ I, 195.

⁵ I, 223.

⁶ I, 466.

⁷ I, 458.

⁸ IV, 223.

⁹ II, 73, 74.

¹⁰ III, 428.

¹¹ I, iv.

¹² III, 398.

¹³ Gayer, A. D., Rostow, W. W., and Schwartz, A. J., The Growth and Fluctuation of the British Economy, 1790–1850 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953) I, 304–41Google Scholar; and Hughes, J. R. T., Fluctuations in Trade, Industry and Finance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1960), pp. 27–33Google Scholar, for commentary on the cyclical history of the British economy, 1843–1860.

¹⁴ These are treated briefly in Cunningham, W., The Growth of English Industry and Commerce in Modern Times (New York, [Eng.]: Cambridge University Press, 1907) III, 808–9.Google Scholar

¹⁵ III, 375.

¹⁶ III, 395.

¹⁷ III, 396.

¹⁸ III, 429.

¹⁹ Mayhew quotes correspondence and instructions of the Commissioners of the Poor Law (III, 393–94) on this point.

²⁰ Cunningham treats these laws all the way back to Richard II's reign, to 1389 (Industry and Commerce, I, 407, 536–41). Mayhew gives a brief account in IV, 394–96. See also Hammond, J. L. and Hammond, Barbara, The Bleak Age (London: Pelican Books, 1947), chap. VII.Google Scholar

²¹ Thus I cannot agree on this point with Girvetz, H. V., “Welfare State,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York: Macmillan and The Free Press, 1968), XVI, 514.Google Scholar

²² II, 145.

²³ III, 233–312.

²⁴ Hughes, Fluctuations, chap. 2.

²⁵ Tooke, Thomas and Newmarch, William, A History of Prices and the State of the Circulation During the Nine Years 1848–1856 (London, 1857), V, 448.Google Scholar

²⁶ II, 310–11.

²⁷ Polanyi, Karl, The Great Transformation (Boston: Beacon, 1957), chaps. 6–7.Google Scholar

²⁸ IV, 1.

²⁹ IV, 2.