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Forging a New Identity: The Costs and Benefits of Diversity in Civil War Combat Units for Black Slaves and Freemen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2006

Dora L. Costa  and
Matthew E. Kahn
Dora L. Costa
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Economics, E52-274C, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02142; and Research Associate, NBER. E-mail: [email protected].
Matthew E. Kahn
Affiliation:
Professor of International Economics, The Fletcher School, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155. E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

By the end of the Civil War 186,017 black men had served in the Union Army, roughly three-quarters of whom were former slaves. Because most black soldiers were illiterate farm workers, the war exposed them to a much broader world. Their wartime experience depended upon their peers, their commanding officers, and where their regiment toured and affected their later life outcomes. In the short run the combat units benefited from company homogeneity, which built social capital and minimized shirking, but in the long run men's human capital and acquisition of information was best improved by serving in heterogeneous companies.

Type
ARTICLES
Information
The Journal of Economic History , Volume 66 , Issue 4 , December 2006 , pp. 936 - 962
Copyright
© 2006 The Economic History Association

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