Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T06:55:25.534Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Was the Glorious Revolution a Constitutional Watershed?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2012

GARY W. COX*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Political Science, Stanford University, 616 Serra Street, Encina Hall West, Room 100, Stanford, CA 94305-6044. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

Douglass North and Barry Weingast's seminal account of the Glorious Revolution argued that specific constitutional reforms enhanced the credibility of the English Crown, leading to much stronger public finances. Critics have argued that the most important reforms occurred incrementally before the Revolution; and that neither interest rates on sovereign debt nor enforcement of property rights improved sharply after the Revolution. In this article, I identify a different set of constitutional reforms, explain why precedents for these reforms did not lessen their revolutionary impact, and show that the evidence, properly evaluated, supports a view of the Revolution as a watershed.

Type
ARTICLES
Copyright
Copyright © The Economic History Association 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Albert, William.. The Turnpike Road System in England, 1663-1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Beaulieu, Emily, Cox, Gary W., and Saiegh, Sebastian. “Sovereign Debt and Regime Type: Reconsidering the Democratic Advantage.” Forthcoming International Organization, 2012.Google Scholar
Bogart, Dan.. “Did the Glorious Revolution Contribute to the Transport Revolution? Evidence from Investment in Roads and Rivers.” Economic History Review 64, no. 4 (2011): 10731112.Google Scholar
Bogart, Dan, and Richardson, G.. “Parliament and Property Rights in Industrializing Britain.”Journal of Law and Economics 54, no. 2 (2011): 241–74.Google Scholar
Bogart, Dan, and Richardson, G.. “Estate Acts, 1600-1830: A New Source for British History.” Research in Economic History 27(2010): 150.Google Scholar
Bonney, Richard.. The European Dynastic States, 1494-1660. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
Braddick, Michael J.The Nerves of State: Taxation and the Financing of the English State, 1558-1714. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996.Google Scholar
Brewer, John. The Sinews of Power: War, Money, and the English State, 1688-1783. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Broz, J. Lawrence and Grossman, Richard S.. “Paying for Privilege: The Political Economy of Bank of England Charters, 1694-1844.” Explorations in Economic History 41, no. 1 (2004): 4872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, Gregory.. “The Political Foundations of Modern Economic Growth: England, 1540-1800.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 26, no. 4 (1996): 563–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Gary W.War, Moral Hazard, and Ministerial Responsibility: England After the Glorious Revolution.” TheJournal of Economic History 71, no. 1 (2011): 120–48.Google Scholar
Dincecco, Mark.. “Fiscal Centralization, Limited Government, and Public Revenues in Europe, 1650-1913.” The Journal of Economic History 69, no. 1 (2009): 48103.Google Scholar
Epstein, Stephan.. Freedom and Growth: The Rise of States and Markets in Europe, 1300-1750. London: Routledge, 2000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foord, Archibald S.The Waning of ‘The Influence of the Crown'.” English Historical Review 62, no. 245 (1947): 484507.Google Scholar
George, Robert H.The Charters Granted to English Parliamentary Corporations in 1688.” English Historical Review 55, no. 267 (1940):4756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ghosh, Parikshit, Mookherjee, Dilip, and Ray, Debraj. “Credit Rationing in Developing Countries: An Overview of the Theory.”In A Reader in Development Economics, edited by Mookherjee, Dilip and Ray, Debraj, 383401. London: Basil Blackwell, 2000.Google Scholar
Hayton, D. W.The House of Commons, 1690-1715. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.Google Scholar
Hill, Brian W.The Growth of Parliamentary Parties, 1689-1742. Winchester: Allen &Unwin, 1976.Google Scholar
Hoppitt, Julian., ed. Failed Legislation, 1660-1800. London: Hambledon Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Hoppitt, Julian. A Land of Liberty?England, 1689-1727. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.Google Scholar
Jha, Saumitra.. “Shares, Coalition Formation, and Political Development: Evidence from Seventeenth-Century England.” Research Paper No. 2005, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, 2008.Google Scholar
Jones, J.R. “Fiscal Policies, Liberties, and Representative Government During the Reigns of the Last Stuarts.” In Fiscal Crises, Liberty, and Representative Government, 1450-1789, eds. Hoffman, Philip T. and Norberg, Kathryn, Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 1994, 6795.Google Scholar
Kemp, Betty.. King and Commons, 1660-1832. London: Macmillan, 1957.Google Scholar
Kohlscheen, Emanuel.. “Sovereign Risk: Constitutions Rule.” Oxford Economic Papers 62, no. 1 (2009): 6285.Google Scholar
Mitchell, B.R.Abstract of British Historical Statistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Murrell, Peter.. “Design and Evolution in Institutional Development: The Insignificance of the English Bill of Rights.” Unpublished Typescript, University of Maryland, 2009.Google Scholar
North, Douglass, and Weingast, Barry. “Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutions Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth-Century Britain.” TheJournal of Economic History 49, no. 4 (1989): 803–32.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Patrick.. “The Political Economy of British Taxation, 1660-1815.”Economic History Review 2nd Series, 41, no. 1 (1988): 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Brien, Patrick.. “Fiscal Exceptionalism: Great Britain and Its European Rivals from Civil War to Triumph at Trafalgar and Waterloo.” Working Paper No. 65/01, Department of Economic History, London School of Economics, London, 2001.Google Scholar
O'Brien, Patrick.. “Fiscal and Financial Preconditions for the Rise of British Naval Hegemony 1485-1815.”Working Paper No. 91/05, Department of Economic History, London School of Economics, London, 2005.Google Scholar
Pincus, Steven.. 1688: The First Modern Revolution. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.Google Scholar
Pincus, Steven, and Robinson, James. “What Really Happened During the Glorious Revolution?” Unpublished Typescript, Yale University, 2010.Google Scholar
Quinn, Stephen.. “The Glorious Revolution's Effect on English Private Finance: A Microhistory, 1680-1705.” TheJournal of Economic History 61, no. 3 (2001): 593615.Google Scholar
Raithby, John. Statutes of the Realm. Volumes 5-7, edited by Raithby, John, British History Online, available at http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.aspx?type=2&gid=83, 1819-1820.Google Scholar
Reitan, E. A.From Revenue to Civil List, 1689-1702.” The Historical Journal 13, no. 4 (1970): 571–88.Google Scholar
Roberts, Clayton.. The Growth of Responsible Government in Stuart England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.Google Scholar
Roberts, Clayton.. “The Constitutional Significance of the Financial Settlement of 1690.” Historical Journal 20, no. 1 (1977): 5976.Google Scholar
Robinson, James.. “Debt Repudiation and Risk Premia: The North-Weingast Thesis Revisited.” Unpublished Typescript, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 2006.Google Scholar
Romer, Thomas, and Rosenthal, Howard. “Political Resource Allocation, Controlled Agendas, and the Status Quo.” Public Choice 33, no. 4 (1978): 2743.Google Scholar
Roseveare, Henry.. The Financial Revolution: 1660-1760. London: Longman, 1991.Google Scholar
Saiegh, Sebastian M.Political Institutions and Sovereign Borrowing: Evidence from Nineteenth-Century Argentina.” Annual Meeting of the International Society for New Institutional Economics, Berkeley, CA, June 2009.Google Scholar
Schumpeter, J.A. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” In The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Swedberg, R. A., 99140. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991 [1918].Google Scholar
Shaw, William A. “Revenue Accounts.” In Calendar of Treasury Books, Volume 9: 1689-1692, edited by Shaw, William A., CCIVCCXVII. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=104740&strquery=incomeandexpenditure (Accessed 23 December 2010).Google Scholar
Stasavage, David.. Public Debt and the Birth of the Democratic State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David.. “Partisan Politics and Public Debt: The Importance of the ‘Whig Supremacy' for Britain's Financial Revolution.” European Review of Economic History 11, no. 1 (2007): 123–53.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David.. “Cities, Constitutions, and Sovereign Borrowing in Europe, 1274-1785.” International Organization 61, no. 3 (2007): 489525.Google Scholar
Stasavage, David.. States of Credit: Size, Power, and the Development of European Polities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Summerhill, William R.Sovereign Commitment and Financial Underdevelopment in Imperial Brazil.” Unpublished Manuscript, University of California, Los Angeles, 2006.Google Scholar
Sussman, Nathan, and Yafeh, Yishay. “Institutional Reforms, Financial Developments, and Sovereign Debt: Britain, 1690-1790.” TheJournal of Economic History 66, no. 3 (2006): 906–35.Google Scholar
Tomz, Michael.. Reputation and International Cooperation: Sovereign Debt Across Three Centuries. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Weingast, Barry R. “The Political Foundations of Limited Government: Parliament and Sovereign Debt in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century England.” In The Frontiers of the New Institutional Economics, edited by Brobak, J. N. and Nye, J. V. C., San Diego CA: Academic Press, 1997, 213–46.Google Scholar