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² Kirkland, Edward C., Men, Cities and Transportation (2 vols.; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948), pp. 267 ff.Google Scholar; Goodrich, Carter, “Local Government Planning of Internal Improvements,” Political Science Quarterly, LXVI, No. 3 (Sept. 1951), 411–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Gates, Paul W., The Illinois Central Railroad and Its Colonization Work (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934), pp. 55 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³ Merk, Frederick, “Eastern Antecedents of the Grangers,” Agricultural History, XXIII, No. 1 (Jan. 1949), 1–8Google Scholar; Benson, Lee, Merchants, Farmers and Railroads (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1955)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, passim; Scheiber, H. N., “Rate-Making Power of the State in the Canal Era,” Political Science Quarterly, LXXVII, No. 3 (Sept. 1962), 397–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁵ Taylor, George R. and Neu, Irene D., The American Railroad Network (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), p. 38.Google Scholar

⁶ Marvin, Walter R., “The Steubenville and Indiana Railroad,” Ohio Historical Quarterly, LXVI, No. 1 (Jan. 1957), 16–17.Google Scholar

⁷ Cleveland, , Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad Co., Third Annual Report (1854), p. 10Google Scholar; Marvin, Walter R., “Columbus and the Railroads of Central Ohio” (Ph. D. dissertation, Ohio State University, 1953), p. 220.Google Scholar

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⁹ Paxson, , “The Railroads of the ‘Old Northwest’ before the Civil War,” Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Transactions, XVII, Part 1 (Madison, 1914), 243–74.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Taylor, , The Transportation Revolution, 1815–1860 (New York: Rinehart & Co., 1951), p. 80.Google Scholar

¹¹ Among recent studies not cited by Cootner are Fogel, “A Quantitative Approach to the Study of Railroads in American Economic Growth,” The Journal, of Economic History, XXII, No. 2 (June 1962), 163–97Google Scholar; Goodrich, Carter, ed., Canals and American Economic Development (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962)Google Scholar; E. R. Wicker, “Railroad Investment before the Civil War,” in National Bureau of Economic Research, Trends in the American Economy in the Nineteenth Century (Vol. 24 of Studies in Income and Wealth) (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960)Google Scholar; Fels, Rendigs, American Business Cycles, 1865–1897 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959);Google Scholar and works by Benson, Goodrich, Hidy and Hidy, and others, cited in previous footnotes.