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³ Tracts for the times, no. 10, 1.

⁴ Cited in Gray, A., Oxford Tractarianism, the Scottish Episcopal College, and the Scottish Episcopal Church, London 1842, 10Google Scholar.

⁵ Stanley, A. P., Lectures on the history of the Church of Scotland delivered in Edinburgh in 1872, London 1872, 175Google Scholar.

⁶ Tracts for the times, no. 1, 4.

⁷ Skinner, John (Primus and bishop of Aberdeen), Primitive truth and apostolic order vindicated from modern misrepresentation, with a defence of episcopacy, particularly that of Scotland against an attack made on it by the late Dr Campbell of Aberdeen in his ‘Lectures on ecclesiastical history’, Aberdeen 1803, 393Google Scholar.

⁸ Neale, J. M., The life and times of Patrick Torry, D. D. Bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane, London 1856, p. xxiGoogle Scholar.

⁹ Newman, J. H., Apologia pro vita sua, 1st edn, London 1864, pt IV, ‘History of my religious opinions’, 123Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Cited in Grub, G., An ecclesiastical history of Scotland from the introduction of Christianity to the present time, Edinburgh 1861, iv. 38Google Scholar. See also LPL, Archbishop Moore's Papers, nos 19, 36.

¹¹ Mather, F. C., ‘Church, parliament and penal laws’, this Journal xxviii (1977), 540–72Google Scholar. Jonathan Boucher, vicar of Epsom, and Hutchinsonian friend of Horne and Jones of Nayland, was even urged to accept the bishopric of Edinburgh in 1792. However, ‘as a high churchman of the Hutchinsonian type’, Boucher was deemed ‘better suited ecclesiastically for the latitude of Aberdeen than for that of Edinburgh’: Walker, W., The life and times of John Skinner [of Aberdeen], Aberdeen 1887, 159Google Scholar. Boucher, in the end, declined all Scottish preferment. John Hutchinson (died 1737), the author of Moses principia (1724), was an Hebraist exponent of anti-Newtonian philosophical and religious ideas. On Hutchinsonianism see Churton, E., Memoir of Joshua Watson, London 1861, i. 39–42Google Scholar; Spearman, R., The life of John Hutchinson prefixed to a supplement to the Works of John Hutchinson Esq. London 1765, pp. i–xivGoogle Scholar; Home, G., An apology for certain gentlemen in the University of Oxford, aspersed in a late anonymous pamphlet, Oxford 1756Google Scholar.

¹² Lawson, J. P., History of the Scottish Episcopal Church from the Revolution to the present time, Edinburgh 1843, 327Google Scholar; W. F. Mitchell, Bishop Berkeley's grandson: his sejour in Scotland and literary associates (repr. from University of Edinburgh Journal, Autumn 1935), 223–4.

¹³ Jones, W., Memoirs of the life, studies and writings of the Rt Rev George Horne D.D. late Lord Bishop of Norwich, London 1795, 151Google Scholar.

¹⁴ Ibid. 152.

¹⁵ Mather, F. C., High church prophet: Bishop Samuel Horsley (1733–1806) and the Caroline tradition in the later Georgian Church, Oxford 1992, 137–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar. None the less, as late as 1825, Sandford, Daniel, bishop of Edinburgh, could assert that many Englishmen knew ‘no more of our poor Scottish Episcopal church than they do of a church in Mesopotamia’: Remains of the late Rt. Rev. Daniel Sandford D.D. Oxon. bishop of Edinburgh in the Scottish Episcopal Church, Edinburgh 1830, i. 133Google Scholar.

¹⁶ Stephens, W. R., The life and letters of Walter Farquhar Hook D.D. F.R.S., London 1878, i. 13–14Google Scholar. Evidence of the close links maintained between the Hackney Phalanx and the Scottish Episcopal Church is provided by the more than 30-year correspondence of James Walker (bishop of Edinburgh, 1830–41) with Henry Handley Norris, between 1806 –c. 1840: Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Eng Lett C 789, J. Walker to H. H. Norris. Norris also corresponded in the 1830s with the bishop of Edinburgh's chaplain, John Sinclair (1797–1875), on publishing ventures in defence of High Church principles. A Hackney Phalanx-orientated campaign to provide financial support and put the resources of the SPCK at the disposal of the Episcopal Church dated from 1803: Bishop J. Skinner to H. H. Norris, 30 Dec. 1803, Bodl. Lib., Norris Papers, MS Eng Lett C 789, fos 3–4.

¹⁷ Carus, W. (ed), Memoirs of the life of the Rev. Charles Simeon, M.A. with a selection from his writings and correspondence, London 1847, 112–13Google Scholar; Hill, R., Journal of a tour through the north of England and parts of Scotland, with remarks on the present stale of the established Church of Scotland, London 1799Google Scholar.

¹⁸ Gladstone, W. E., The state in its relations with the church, 4th edn, London 1838, ii. 284–90Google Scholar; W. E. Gladstone to H. E. Manning, 23 Apr. 1837, BL, Gladstone Papers, MS Add. 44247, fo. 23.

¹⁹ [Keble, J.], ‘The state in its relations with the church’, British Critic xxiv (10 1839), 369–70Google Scholar.

²⁰ It was later suggested that the early alienation of the Scottish-born future Archbishop of Canterbury, A. C. Tait, from the Tractarians at Oxford stemmed from ‘his repugnance to a theological system which simply put everybody [non-episcopalians] north of the Tweed out of the pale of Christianity’: ‘Archbishop Tait’, Scottish Review i (02, 1883), 214Google Scholar.

²¹ Low, D., A Charge delivered on Wednesday, 18 June 1823, to the clergy of the episcopal communion of Ross and Argyll Edinburgh 1823, 4–6Google Scholar. By the 1820s it was lamented that in the dioceses of both Glasgow and Edinburgh, indigenous clergy were often replaced by English evangelicals or ‘worthless adventurers from England and Ireland’: Walker, J. to Norris, H. H., 14 01 1824Google Scholar, Bodl. Lib., Norris Papers, MS Eng Lett C 789, fo. 108.

²² See Drummond, A., Reasons for the Scotch episcopal clergy submitting to the House of Hanover: a friendly address to the English ordained clergy within the diocese of Edinburgh, Edinburgh 1792Google Scholar.

²³ Pretyman-Tomline, G., Elements of Christian theology, London 1798, i. 396–7Google Scholar.

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²⁶ Daubeny, C., An appendix to the guide to the Church in several letters, London 1804, 106–7Google Scholar.

²⁷ Gray, , Oxford Tractarianism, 5Google Scholar; Brown, J., The exclusive claims of Puseyite episcopalians to the Christian ministry, Edinburgh 1842, 6–9Google Scholar. On the other hand, the Episcopal Church's relinquishing of the title ‘Protestant’ as a distinguishing prefix at the synod of 1838 was also criticised as evidence of a ‘leaning to popery’: Blatch, W., A memoir of the Rt. Rev David Low, comprising sketches of the principal events connected with the Scottish Episcopal Church during the last seventy years, London 1855, 348Google Scholar.

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²⁹ Some liturgical scholars, however, argue that various Scottish divines had wished the 1637 rite to have gone further in a ‘primitive’ direction and that it was no mere English Laudian import: Grisbrooke, W. J., Anglican liturgies of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, London 1958, 18Google Scholar; Donaldson, G., The making of the Scottish Prayer Book of 1637, Edinburgh 1954Google Scholar. John Morrill has also recently stressed the limitations of English Laudian influence on the Scottish Church in the 1630s: ‘A British patriarchy? Ecclesiastical imperialism under the early Stuarts’, in Fletcher, A. and Roberts, P. (eds), Religion, culture and society in early modern Britain: essays in honour of Patrick Collinson, Cambridge 1994, 232–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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³² Newman, J. H. to MissHoldsworth, , 6 02 1838, in Letters and diaries of John Henry Newman, ed. Tracey, G., vi, Oxford 1984, 198Google Scholar.

³³ Tracts for the times, no. 81, 421–2. Jolly, Bishop was the author of an influential treatise, The Christian sacrifice in the eucharist (1831)Google Scholar.

³⁴ Tracts for the times, no. 71, 30.

³⁵ Tracts for the times, no. 86, 5.

³⁶ Tracts for the times, no. 81, 40.

³⁷ E. B. Pusey to J. R. Hope, 15 Nov. 1843, NLS, Hope-Scott Papers, MS 3672, fos 220–1; J. R. Hope to E. B. Ramsay, 8 Apr. 1845, bid. fo. 117. Tractarian concerns came to a head in 1862–3 when the Episcopal Church finally debated relinquishing the Scottish office. Sir George Prevost regarded plans to give up the Scotch liturgy as representing ‘indirectly a link between us and the Primitive Church broken’: Sir G. Prevost to F. Massingberd, 29 May 1862, LDA, Massingberd Papers, MS 31/42.

³⁸ In 1825, Gleig, Bishop of Stirling claimed that he was ‘the only clergyman south of the Forth, perhaps of the Tay, who used the Scottish office’: Gleig, Bishop G. to Skinner, Bishop W., 6 06 1825Google Scholar, NLS, MS 3560, fos 1–2. Moreover, as late as 1838, Skinner, Primus William conceded that the southern clergy were ‘I fear in a great measure strangers to its [the Scottish Office's] merits and in some degree even prejudiced against it’: Bishop W. Skinner to Walker, Bishop J., 14 08 1838Google Scholar, ibid., Hope-Scott Papers, MS 3560, fo. 10.

³⁹ Bishop J. Skinner to J. Boucher, 15 May 1793, ADA, Skinner-Boucher Papers, File 6. Alarm had been expressed, even by English High Church friends of the Episcopal Church, at the circulation of John Skinner of Forfar's 1807 edition of the Scottish communion office: Skinner, John [of Forfar], Annals of Scottish episcopacy, from the year 1788 to the year 1816, Edinburgh 1818, 441Google Scholar.

⁴⁰ See Skinner, Bishop J. to Randolph, Bishop J., 7 11 1804, Bodl. Lib., ‘Episcopal Corr.’, Oxford Diocesan Papers, C 656, fo. 194Google Scholar.

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⁴² Walker, , Life and limes of John Skinner, 274–6Google Scholar.

⁴³ Ewing, Bishop A. to Bishop Chas. Wordsworth in Ross, A. J., Memoir of Alexander Ewing, D.C.L. Bishop of Argyll and the Isles, London 1879, 349Google Scholar.

⁴⁴ Grub, , Ecclesiastical history of Scotland, iv. 180–1Google Scholar.

⁴⁵ For examples see The Scottish Episcopal Church proved to differ essentially from the Church of England both in doctrine and government: by an English episcopalian, Edinburgh 1844Google Scholar; Craig, E., On the important discrepancy between the Church of England and the Scottish episcopal community, Edinburgh 1842Google Scholar; Justitia, , Peculiarities of the Scottish Episcopal Church taken from authentic sources, Aberdeen 1847Google Scholar; Episcopacy in Scotland: revised report on the debate in the House of Lords. May 22, 1849 on the occasion of the Rt. Hon. the Lord Brougham presenting a petition from the members of the United Church of England and Ireland resident in Scotland, London 1849, pp. x–xiiGoogle Scholar. See also White, G., ‘New names for old things: the Scottish reaction to early Tractarianism’, in Baker, D. (ed.), Renaissance and renewal in Christian history (Studies in Church History xiv, 1977), 329–37Google Scholar.

⁴⁶ Ramsay, E. B., The Church considered as the ‘Pillar and Ground of the Truth’: a sermon preached in the episcopal chapel of St John the Evangelist, Edinburgh, on Sunday October 8, 1837, at the consecration of the Rt. Rev. M. Russell as Bishop of Glasgow, and of the Rev. D. Moir as Bishop Assistant of Brechin in the Scottish Episcopal Church, Edinburgh 1837, 12Google Scholar.

⁴⁷ See, for example, Horsley, H., ‘The Pillar and Ground of the Truth’: a sermon preached in the chapel of St Paul, Dundee, on March 17, 1839, and addressed to the serious consideration of the members of the episcopal communion in Scotland at the present crisis Dundee 1839, 30Google Scholar. The son of Bishop Samuel Horsley, Heneage Horsley, as dean of Brechin was an adopted member of the Scottish Episcopal Church.

⁴⁸ Cited in Gray, , Oxford Tractarianism, 21Google Scholar; Stephens, , Life and letters of Walter Farquhar Hook i. 72–3Google Scholar.

⁴⁹ W.J. Copeland to Miss M. A. Copeland, 19 July 1838, PH, Copeland Papers; Blatch, , Memoir of Rt. Rev. David Low, 187Google Scholar.

⁵⁰ W.J. Copeland to I. Williams, 11 Aug. 1838, LPL, Williams Dep 1/49.

⁵¹ W.J. Copeland to Miss M. A. Copeland, 6 Nov. 1838, PH, Copeland Papers. See Copeland's comment to Bishop Low: ‘I do really hope and trust that we shall be drawn tighter and tighter together, as time goes on, and troubles increase, and that the Tweed will not be such an oceanus dissociabilis between the churches as it has been.’ Cited in Blatch, , Memoir of Rt. Rev. David Low, 190Google Scholar.

⁵² Gleig, G., The constitution of the Scottish Episcopal Church, concisely stated, in a Charge delivered in August 1829 to the clergy of the episcopal communion of Brechin, Sterling, 1829, 3Google Scholar; Ramsay, , The Church considered as the ‘Pillar and Ground of Truth’, 5Google Scholar.

⁵³ Bishop Low apprehended a conspiracy ‘formed to subvert the Primitive Apostolic constitution of our Church, headed and supported, you cannot but mark, by a set of Presbyterian converts of the first, second or third generation’: Bishop D. Low to Jolly, Bishop A., 9 09 1829Google Scholar, ADA, Bishop Jolly Papers, File 2, ‘Bishop Jolly's Kist’.

⁵⁴ Grub, , Ecclesiastical history of Scotland, iv. 174Google Scholar. Bishop William Skinner lamented the want of union among the higher ranks of episcopalian clergy and the weakness of the episcopate: Bishop W. Skinner to Bishop A. Jolly, 10 Dec. 1832, ADA, File 16, ‘Bishop Jolly's Kist’.

⁵⁵ Pratt, J. B. to Jolly, Bishop A., 21 12 1836, ADA, Bishop Jolly Papers, File 2, ‘Bishop Jolly's Kist’Google Scholar.

⁵⁶ Tyvie, C. to Pressley, C., 10 10 1836, ADA, Pressley Papers, File 4, ‘Bishop Jolly's Kist’Google Scholar.

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⁵⁸ Blatch, , Memoir of Rt. Rev. David Low, 228–9Google Scholar.

⁵⁹ Walker, W., The life of the Rt. Rev. Alexander Jolly, Edinburgh 1878, 65Google Scholar.

⁶⁰ Wilberforce, H. W. to Newman, J. H., 5 Feb. 1834, in The letters and correspondence of John Henry Newman, ed. Mozley, A., London 1891, ii. 25Google Scholar.

⁶¹ S. Wilberforce to W. F. Hook, 29 Jan. 1838, Bodl. Lib., Wilberforce Papers, MS Wilberforce D 38, fo. 130.

⁶² Torry, P., The Oxford Tracts vindicated from the misrepresentation of the ‘Edinburgh Review’, ‘Christian Instructor’, etc. and proved from internal evidence, not popish, Edinburgh 1839, 9Google Scholar.

⁶³ BpTorry, P. to BpSkinner, W., in Neale, , Life and times of the Rt. Rev. Patrick Torry, 212Google Scholar.

⁶⁴ According to a later historian of the diocese of Perth, Bishop Torry was unique in that ‘he was probably the only Prelate of the United Kingdom, who, in the sad year 1845, was prepared heartily to welcome the representatives of the Oxford Movement into his diocese’: Farquhar, G. T. S., Episcopal history of Perth, Perth 1894, 326Google Scholar.

⁶⁵ Neale, , Life and times of the Rt. Rev. Patrick Torry, 386Google Scholar.

⁶⁶ Russell, M., A Charge delivered to the episcopal clergy of the city and district of Glasgow… 1842, Glasgow 1842, 21Google Scholar.

⁶⁷ Bishop D. Low to Bishop H. Phillpotts, 8 Nov. 1842, ECL, Spencer Gift, Phillpotts Papers, ED/11/37.

⁶⁸ See Mackean, H., The eucharistic theology of the Oxford Movement, London 1933, chs v–viGoogle Scholar. The Scottish Tractarian Bishop Alexander Forbes of Brechin became increasingly impatient with the limitations and incompleteness of nonjuring eucharistic theology: Strong, R., Alexander Forbes of Brechin: first Tractarian bishop, Oxford 1995, 92CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶⁹ Perry, W., George Hay Forbes, London 1927, 107Google Scholar.

⁷⁰ Wordsworth, Charles, Annals of my life, 1847–1856, London 1893, ch. vGoogle Scholar. On visiting Cumbrae in 1859, an English High Churchman, Henry Newland, commented: ‘I am afraid there is a little playing at High Church, and that the establishment will not have strength to stand by itself whenever Mr Boyle dies or becomes Lord Glasgow.’ Cited in Shute, R. N., A memoir of the late Rev. Henry Newland M.A., London 1861, 280Google Scholar.

⁷¹ Ibid. 66; Reid, C. G. to Skinner, Bishop W., 8 12 1847, ADA, ‘Bishop Jolly's Kist’Google Scholar. Chancels were unknown in episcopalian chapels until mid-century. Until 1819, when the surplice was introduced, the only vestment used was a black gown with a black stole or scarf: Mitchell, A., Biographical studies in Scottish church history, London 1914, 262Google Scholar.

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⁷³ The letters of John Mason Neale D.D. selected and edited by his daughter, London 1910, 142Google Scholar.

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⁷⁵ E. B. Pusey to J. Keble, 22 July 1848, PH, Pusey Papers.

⁷⁶ Keble, J. to Pusey, E. B., 18 Sept. 1854, in Liddon, H. P., Life of Edward Bouverie Pusey, 2nd edn, London 1894, iii. 289Google Scholar.

⁷⁷ Ross, , Memoir of Alexander Ewing, 176Google Scholar.

⁷⁸ Cited in Neale, , Life of the Rt. Rev. Patrick Tony, 151Google Scholar.

⁷⁹ Low, Bishop, however, declined ‘joining my Scottish Episcopal brethren in the late Antipapal agitation’: Low, Bishop D. to Phillpotts, Bishop H., 18 07 1851Google Scholar, ECL, Spencer Gift, Phillpotts Papers, ED/11/81.

⁸⁰ T. G. S. Suther to Bishop W. Skinner, 28 Mar. 1850, LPL, Eeles Collection, MS 1541, fos 148–50.

⁸¹ At the Synod of Aberdeen in 1850, Bishop Ewing and others prevented the Episcopal Church from enforcing a new anti-Gorham formula on baptism because it might cause ‘the severing of our connection with the Church of England’: Ross, , Memoir of Alexander Ewing, 173Google Scholar.

⁸² Bishop A. Ewing to W. E. Gladstone, 11 Mar. 1852, BL, Gladstone Papers, MS Add. 44152, fo. 292.

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⁸⁴ W. E. Gladstone to J. R. Hope, 8 Sept. 1840, NLS, Hope-Scott Papers, MS 3672, fo. 76. The committee of founders included notable English High Churchmen such as the barrister Edward Badeley, and the Revd Edward Coleridge: ibid. fo. 167.

⁸⁵ J. R. Hope to W. E. Gladstone, 12 Aug. 1841, NLS, Hope-Scott Papers, MS 3672, fo. 112.

⁸⁶ H. W. Wilberforce to W. E. Gladstone, 15 Oct. 1840, BL, Gladstone Papers, MS Add. 44357, fos 178–9.

⁸⁷ Neale, J. M., ‘The mission of the Scotch Church’ (Preached at the consecration of St Ninian's Cathedral, Perth, 11 12 1850)Google Scholar in Lectures on Church difficulties London 1852, 80Google Scholar.

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⁹² E. B. Ramsay to W. E. Gladstone, 1 May 1845, BL, Gladstone Papers, MS Add. 44283, fos 101–4.

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⁹⁵ To the dismay of Churchmen, High, a prominent Irish evangelical bishop denied the subsistence of ‘legal and canonical communion between the Episcopal Scotch Church and the United Churches of England and Ireland’: Letters on the subject of the Scottish Episcopal Church by the Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of Cashel to the Rt. Rev. Bishop Low, one of the bishops of that Church, Aberdeen 1846Google Scholar. Another Low Churchman, James Prince Lee, bishop of Manchester, described the Scottish Episcopal Church as ‘the episcopal sect’: Hibbs, R., Scottish episcopal Romanism or popery without a pope; in reply to Bishop Wordsworth's recent lectures on the theory and practice of Christian unity Edinburgh 1856, 7Google Scholar. In 1856 Bishop Forbes of Brechin had to urge Gladstone to use his political influence to persuade the evangelical bishop elect of Carlisle to resign his position as a trustee ‘for some of the schismatical chapels in Scotland’: Forbes, Bishop A. to Gladstone, W. E., 6 03 1856Google Scholar, BL, Gladstone Papers, MS Add. 44154, fo. 210.

⁹⁶ Montgomery, R., The Scottish Church and the English schismatics; being a letter on the recent schism in Scotland London 1847, 41Google Scholar.

⁹⁷ Ibid. 61; Sir William Dunbar and the Scottish schism: a letter to the Rt. Rev. Father in God, Charles James, Lord Bishop of London, containing strictures on a ‘letter’ recently addressed to his Lordship by a ‘committee of the managers and members of St Paul's Chapel, Aberdeen’: by a presbyter of the diocese of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, 1845Google Scholar; An apology for the Church of Scotland: being strictures on a letter by the Lord Bishop of Cashel: by a presbyter of the diocese of Aberdeen, Aberdeen 1846Google Scholar.

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¹⁰⁰ Dean Ramsay regarded the proposed use of the Scottish office at Glenalmond as a dangerous sop to Romanisers: ‘taking heads of families likely to send children to Trinity College, 19 out of 20 use and prefer the English office. … The Scottish communion office has now become the badge of a party. Its adoption at Trinity College would most avowedly give a party aspect to the College, indicate a triumph of the extreme section of the English Church, and…knock up the whole scheme’: Ramsay, E. B. to Gladstone, W. E., 30 12 1845Google Scholar, BL, Gladstone Papers, MS Add. 44283, fos 139–40.

¹⁰¹ Wordsworth, , Annals, 84–8Google Scholar. Bishop Wordsworth objected to Bishop Torry's omission of the English communion service in his 1850 edition of the Book of Common Prayer. According to Wordsworth, the English office at that date was used by 78 out of a total of 118 Scottish episcopalian clergy.

¹⁰² For examples of this line of apologetic see Torry, P., A pastoral letter to the clergy and laity of the united dioceses of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane, London 1846, 14Google Scholar; Lendrum, A., The Church of Scotland her own best advocate, Edinburgh 1850, 18Google Scholar; Forbes, G. H., The doctrinal errors and practical scandals of the English Prayer Book: a letter to the Rt. Rev. Bishop of St Andrews, Burntisland 1863, 38Google Scholar.

¹⁰³ By 1849, out of the 50 out of 140 episcopalian chapels which used the Scottish office, only 19 were in the diocese of Aberdeen; a far smaller proportion than in earlier years.

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¹⁰⁵ Ramsay, , The Church considered as the ‘Pillar and Ground of the Truth’, 20–1Google Scholar. Chalmers venerated ‘the Church of England as a Christian church’: On church and college establishments, Edinburgh n.d. Moreover, to the dismay of English High Churchmen, there was enthusiasm for Chalmers's writings within the Church of England: Brown, S.J., Thomas Chalmers and the godly commonwealth in Scotland, Oxford 1982, 271Google Scholar

¹⁰⁶ Cumming, J., An apology for the Church of Scotland; or, an explanation of its constitution and character, London 1837, 14–16, 28–9Google Scholar. As late as 1843 the Presbyterian minister of the High Kirk in Edinburgh, declared his veneration for the Church of England and insisted that she was ‘not chargeable with holding the doctrines of the Oxford school’: Buchanan, J., On the ‘Tracts for the times’, Edinburgh 1843, p. ivGoogle Scholar. In 1837 it was even reported that a majority of Scottish Presbyterian clergy ‘were desirous, if they could have it, of a moderate Episcopacy’: ‘Memoranda’ (of Gladstone's conversation with SirPeel, Robert, 13 12 1837)Google Scholar, BL, Gladstone Papers, MS Add. 44777, fo. 51.

¹⁰⁷ Christian Remembrancer iii (03 1842), 341Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁸ Cited in The Drummond schism examined and exposed by a layman of the church, Edinburgh 1842, 21Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁹ For example see Crawford, T.J., Presbyterianism defended against the exclusive claims of prelacy as urged by Romanists and Tractarians: a lecture delivered in…Edinburgh…April 10, 1853 London 1853Google Scholar. Crawford cited the evangelical archbishop of Canterbury, Sumner, J. B., as testimony in favour of the validity of Presbyterian orders: Presbytery or prelacy: which is the more conformable to the pattern of the apostolic churches?, Edinburgh 1856, 3Google Scholar.

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¹¹¹ Farquhar, W., Presbyterianism indefensible: a reply to ‘Presbyterianism defended’, & c. by the Rev. T, J. Crawford, Edinburgh 1855, 8Google Scholar, and Prelacy, not presbytery, the divinely instituted polity of the Christian church and medium of conveying the ministerial commission Edinburgh 1856Google Scholar.

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¹¹³ Neale, J. M. to Haskell, J., 13 07 1850, in Letters of John Mason Neale, 105Google Scholar. For the view that Tractarian supporters of the Episcopal Church were themselves agents of ‘Anglicisation’ see Knight, C., ‘The Anglicising of Scottish Episcopalianism’, Records of the Scottish Church History Society xxiii (1989), 361–77Google Scholar; Strong, , Alexander Forbes, 190–1Google Scholar.

¹¹⁴ Scottish Magazine iii (10 1850), 490Google Scholar.

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¹¹⁸ Ewing, A., A letter to the Rt. Rev. the Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, Edinburgh 1858, 4Google Scholar; Ramsay, E. B., The present position of the Scottish Episcopal Church, Edinburgh 1862, 7Google Scholar.

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¹²⁰ See Ewing, A., A plea for the Highland and non-juring congregations of 1688–1745, etc. of Scotland, London 1869Google Scholar.

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¹²² Ramsay, E. B., The true position of the Scottish Episcopal Church: a sermon preached in the Episcopal Chapel of St. John the Evangelist, Edinburgh…December 11, 1842, Edinburgh 1842, 16Google Scholar.

¹²³ See Documents relative to the proceedings of the special meeting of the College of Bishops held at Edinburgh on May 27, 1858, Edinburgh 1858Google Scholar; Wordsworth, Chas, Notes towards forming a right judgment on the eucharistic controversy, London 1858Google Scholar. For further discussion of the eucharistic controversy and its implications for the Scottish Episcopal Church see Strong, Alexander Forbes, ch. iv.

¹²⁴ For Trower's repudiation of latitudinarian notions on church government see his A pastoral letter addressed to the clergy of the diocese of Glasgow and Galloway…1851, Glasgow 1851, 42Google Scholar. Trower was as fiercely critical of ‘ultra-Protestantism’ as he was of ‘Romanism’: A pastoral letter addressed to the clergy of the diocese of Glasgow and Galloway … 1855 London 1855, 43Google Scholar. Forbes, Bishop, however, regarded Trower as ‘a lapsed high churchman’: Forbes, A. P. to Pusey, E. B., 25 02 1848Google Scholar, PH, Pusey Papers, LBV.

¹²⁵ Trower, W. J., A pastoral letter addressed to the clergy and laity of his diocese, on the subject of the bishop of Brechin's Primary Charge, and the proceedings which it has occasioned, London 1858, 57Google Scholar.

¹²⁶ Idem, A remonstrance addressed to Archibald Campbell, Esq. of Blythswood, on certain resolutions to which his name is appended, published in the Glasgow Herald, of November 21, 1856, Glasgow 1856, 9–11.

¹²⁷ Ross, , Memoir of Alexander Ewing, 108Google Scholar.

¹²⁸ Terrot, C., A Charge delivered to the clergy of the diocese of Edinburgh … April 30, 1857, Edinburgh 1857, 10–12Google Scholar.

¹²⁹ One critic maintained: ‘while professing to cling to the via media between the extreme factions, viz. the Tractarians and the Evangelicals, resolved to favour neither, he [Terrot] does, in fact, travel much more in company with the former than with the latter’: Bishop Terrot refuted by members of his own church, Edinburgh 1842, 6Google Scholar.

¹³⁰ Wordsworth, J., The episcopate of Charles Wordsworth, bishop of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane, 1853–1892: a memoir, London 1899, esp. pp. 3, 9–10Google Scholar.

¹³¹ Shute, , Memoir of the late Rev. Henry Newland, 275–6Google Scholar.