During a period of almost forty years, major Protestant denominations in Canada consolidated their scattered and individual Chinese mission activities into centralised institutions. However, the missions did not gain significant success in the mission field. Church leaders and missionaries often attributed this to a chronic lack of financial and human resources. But the real reason was the anti-Chinese sentiment that always cast a shadow over the missions. The rise of nationalism in the Chinese community at the turn of the twentieth century also had a negative effect on the mission.