¹ It will be sufficient here to deal only with the representatives of each interpretation which seeks to explain the origins of the Puritan migration to New England by a ‘crisis’ within English society. Thus Adams, James Truslow in his famous book, The Founding of New England, Boston 1949 [1921], 122–4,Google Scholar stressed the view that both a political’ crisis’ and an economic ‘crisis’ in the late 1620s were responsible for the Puritan migration. A decade later Miller, Perry, Orthodoxy in Massachusetts, Gloucester 1965 [1933], 99Google Scholar , distancing himself from the economic emphasis typified by Adams, stressed the essentially religious motivation behind the Puritan migration. Yet his account tended rather to reinforce Adams's emphasis on the importance of the political ‘crisis’ in the late 1620s. Thus, for Miller, a crisis occasioned by Charles I'S dissolution of the parliament of 1629 had enormous consequences for the Puritan migration. The political ‘crisis’ then, according to Miller, was essentially associated with the ecclesiastical ‘crisis’. Similarly, Hall, David D. in his excellent book, The Faithful Shepherd, New York 1972, 72–3Google Scholar , attributed the Puritan migration, in part, to an ecclesiastical ‘crisis’ within the circle of Puritan ministers in England during the 1630s.

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On the Puritan emigration to New England as a part of the migration from England in the early seventeenth century see: Stone, L., ‘Social mobility in England, 1500-1700’, Past and Present xxxiii (1966), 16–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar For the number of emigrants to New England in the early seventeenth century see: Breen, T. H. and Foster, S., ‘Moving to the New World: the character of early Massachusetts immigration’, William and Mary Quarterly xxx (1973), 189–222CrossRefGoogle Scholar ; Banks, Charles E., The Planters of the Commonwealth, Boston 1930, 3–43Google Scholar.

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⁴ , Rogers, Seven Treatises, 389, 497–8.Google Scholar

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¹⁴ On the issue of the laity and the Church see the two excellent studies by Claire Cross: Church and People, 1450-1660: the triumph of the laity in the English Church, Trowbridge 1976,Google Scholar and Royal Supremacy in the Elizabethan Church, London 1969Google Scholar.

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²⁴ , Ziff, The Career of John Cotton, 49.Google Scholar

²⁵ Nuttall, Geoffrey F., Visible Saints, the Congregational Way, 1640-1660, Oxford 1957, 134–5Google Scholar ; , White, The Planters Plea, 59–61Google Scholar . For a further analysis of the separatist impulses in Massachusetts Bay see my ‘Exile and kingdom: reformation, separation, and the millennial quest in the formation of Massachusetts and its relationship with England, 1628-1660’, unpublished PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1982Google Scholar.

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²⁷ Ames, William, Conscience with the Power and Cases Thereof, London 1641, 63.Google Scholar On the close relationship between Ames and the great Puritan migration from its beginnings see: Sprunger, K. L., ‘William Ames and the settlement of Massachusetts Bay’, New England Quarterly xxxix (1966), 66–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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