^{page 225 note 1} ‘The Practice and Problems of a Fifteenth-Century English Bishop: the Episcopate of William Gray’, Mediaeval Studies, XXXIV (1972), 435–61. (Hereafter cited as Haines, ‘Practice and Problems’.)Google Scholar

^{page 225 note 2} Although there is much scattered information about some of these elements, they have not so far been drawn together into a single study. The chief printed sources of biographical information are abbreviated as follows: Mynors, R. A. B., Catalogue of the Manuscripts of Balliol College Oxford, Oxford 1963Google Scholar (cited below as Mynors, Catalogue); Emden, A. B., A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford, 3 vols., Oxford 1857–1859Google Scholar (cited below as Biog. Oxon.); idem., A Biographical Register of the University of Cambridge, Cambridge 1963Google Scholar (cited as Biog. Cantab.); Neve, John Le, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1300–1541, comp. Horn, Joyce M., Jones, B. and King, H. P. F., London 1962–1967 (cited as Le Neve, Fasti).Google Scholar

^{page 225 note 3} Reg. Gray (Ely Diocesan Records, Cambridge University Library), fol. 1^r. For the canonical requirements see Decretum, D. 75, cc. 1, 2, 5. Le Neve, Fasti, iv. 15, gives 8 September (though citing Reg. Gray). Cf. Haines, ‘Practice and Problems’, 442 n. 45.

^{page 225 note 4} He was bishop of Ely (1443–54), archbishop of Canterbury (1454–86). Le Neve, Fasti, iv. 5, 15.

^{page 226 note 1} Said to have acted as such between 1439 and 1465: Handbook of British Chronology, ed. Powicke, F. M. and Fryde, E. B., 2nd ed., London 1961, 333. (Hereafter cited as H.B.C.)Google Scholar

^{page 226 note 2} Biog. Oxon., s.v. Bourgchier, Thomas. For his ordination as acolyte and subdeacon, 24 September 1429, the citation is ‘Reg. Wm. Gray, Ely’ (recte London). Another attribution to Gray (Biog. Oxon., s.v.) a visitation of Godstow nunnery in 1432 (derived from Clark, A., The Register of Godstow Nunnery, E.E.T.S. orig. ser. CXLII (1911), LXXXI–XCIV; Bodleian Library, MS. Top. Gen. e 56), should also be ascribed to his uncle William Gray, then bishop of Lincoln (1431–6).Google Scholar

^{page 226 note 3} Biog. Oxon., s.v. Carpenter, John. It was Bourchier and Carpenter who were associated with Gray as arbitrators between the dukes of York and Somerset, 4 March 1455: Foedera etc., ed. T. Rymer, 3rd ed., The Hague 1739–1745, v. II 61–2.

^{page 226 note 4} Loci e Libro Veritatum, Oxford 1881, 185.Google Scholar

^{page 226 note 5} Another Oxford chancellor of about this time (1446–7) was Thwaites, the diocesan chancellor mentioned below. See Biog. Oxon., s.v. Thwaytes, Robert.

^{page 226 note 6} Biog. Oxon., s.v.

^{page 226 note 7} Biog. Oxon., s.v.

^{page 226 note 8} Biog. Cantab., s.v. Radclyff, William. He was D.Cn. & C.L. by 1454 and had died by October 1458. Formerly chamberlain of the English hospice of St. Thomas at Rome, the rebuilding of which had been assisted by Gray and for which, as bishop, he allowed quaestors to seek support in his diocese. The rubric in his register is ‘Indulgencia’, but the entry itself does not record the issue of a separate indulgence by Gray: Mynors, Catalogue, XXXIII–XXXIV; Reg. Gray, fol. 23^v.

^{page 226 note 9} Biog. Oxon., s.v.

^{page 226 note 10} ibid., Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1446–52, 175.

^{page 227 note 1} He was joined with the diocesan official (Ratcliffe) and the Ely sacrist in a commission (15 September 1456) for purgation: Reg. Gray, fol. 17^v. Otherwise his name is chiefly found (as archdeacon and proctor of the clergy) in citations for convocation: ibid., fob. 109^r, 110^r, 115^r.

^{page 227 note 2} Reg. Gray, fols. 63^r–64^r.

^{page 227 note 3} Biog. Oxon., s.v.; Mynors, Catalogue, XLVI–XLIX; Weiss, R., Humanism in England during the Fifteenth Century, 3rd ed., Oxford 1967Google Scholar, index sub. nom.; and, for some comment on his scribal activities with examples of his hand: Duke Humfrey and English Humanism in the Fifteenth Century: Catalogue of an Exhibition held in the Bodleian Library, Oxford 1970.Google Scholar

^{page 227 note 4} Reg. Gray, fol. 96³ (not 90 as in Le Neve, Fasti, iv. 19): 30 September 1477.

^{page 227 note 5} See Aston, Margaret, Thomas Arundel, Oxford 1967Google Scholar, chap. 4; Vetus Liber Archidiaconi Eliensis, ed. Feltoe, C. L. and Minns, E. H., Cambridge Antiquarian Society, octavo ser. XLVIII (1917), 180–95.Google Scholar

^{page 227 note 6} Laverok appears as such in 1458: Reg. Gray, fols. 31^r, 32^r. He was D.C.L. of Cambridge. Other archidiaconal officials mentioned are M. John Parmenter (B.C.L.), in 1462, and M. Richard Sampson, B.Cn.L., in 1469–70: Reg. Gray, fols. 157^r, 218^r; 76^r, 80^v. Parmenter was to become commissary general of archbishop Bourchier in 1464. As rector of Newchurch (Kent) and Abington (Northants.) he was excepted from payment of the tenth of 1472: Reg. Gray, fols. 164^v—165^r. For all three see Biog. Cantab., s.v.

^{page 227 note 7} At Ely the commissary, when he can be identified as someone distinct from the official, seems to have been merely the latter's assessor—as was the case at Hereford. See Aston, Thomas Arundel, App. 4 (presidents of consistory court 1374–82), 397–400. But in 1445 Bourchier appointed a commissary general under a separate commission, and Mrs. D. Owen has suggested that he may have ‘imported’ the division of function from Worcester diocese. Under Gray and his successors the offices were reunited. D. Owen, ‘The Records of the Bishop's Official at Ely: Specialisation in the English Episcopal Chancery in the Later Middle Ages’ (cited hereafter as Owen, ‘Records of the Official’), in The Study of Medieval Records, Essays in Honour of Kathleen Major, ed. Bullough, D. A. and Storey, R. L., Oxford 1971, 196–7Google Scholar; Haines, ‘Practice and Problems’, 444 n. 59. There may have been some overlap. Walter Baker authenticated his certificate of citation as follows: ‘…sigillum venerabilis viri commissarii Elien’ presentibus apponi procuravi. Et nos commissarius antedictus … sigillum officii nostri presentibus apposuimus’. Reg. Gray, fol. 137^r: sealed 5 October 1457 at Ely. In 1454 a mandate for induction was directed ‘officiali Elien’ vel eius commissario’ but the bishop wrote ‘offic[iali] commiss[ario] sequestrator[i] et ministris nostris aliis’: ibid., fols. 3^r, 2^r–3^r.

^{page 228 note 1} Mynors, Catalogue, xxxviii n. 2, xxxviii–xxxix. John Thwaites—who does not figure in diocesan business, Richard Thwaites, marshal of Gray's household, and John and William (his son) Thwaites, ‘parkers’ at Shipdham, are mentioned below.

^{page 228 note 2} Biog. Oxon., s.v. Thwaytes, Robert.

^{page 228 note 3} See Mynors, Catalogue, and Biog. Oxon., loc. cit.

^{page 228 note 4} Reg. Gray, fol. 139^r: ‘Robert Thwaites … domini Willielmi dei gracia Eliensis episcopi cancellarius et commissarius ad infrascripta … deputatus’. Mandate to the archdeacon for the abbot's installation. Oddly, he is not called chancellor in the remainder of the process.

^{page 228 note 5} Reg. Gray, fol. 130^v.

^{page 228 note 6} Cottenham rectory (per mortem magistri Roberti Thwaites … ultimi rectoris ibidem vacantem) was collated to M. John Warkworth 24 September 1458: Reg. Gray, fol. 35^v.

^{page 228 note 7} Biog. Cantab., s.v. Rowclyff, John.

^{page 228 note 8} He was at [Holborn] ‘in quadam bassa parlora’ 19 November 1466, when M. John Thwaites resigned Little Gransden church; in the bishop's palace at Ely 28 March 1467 with Gray and Richard Bole for the examination of Roger Ratcliffe's bull of plurality: Reg. Gray, fols. 62^v, 65^r–66^v. Aston, Thomas Arundel, 272 (and cf. plate 9 opp.) mentions ‘a chamber for the bishop's chancellor’ at Holborn in 1357. The great hall is frequently mentioned, e.g. Reg. Gray, fols. 28^v, 37^r, 79^v.

^{page 228 note 9} Biog. Cantab., loc. cit.

^{page 228 note 10} Reg. Gray, fol. 69^r (not termed chancellor).

^{page 228 note 11} Reg. Gray, fol. 70^r. This he did as the bishop's special commissary.

^{page 229 note 1} Biog. Cantab., Biog. Oxon., s.v. Thwaytes, John. Robert and John were Yorkshiremen with a theological training. John must have been Robert's junior by some twenty or more years. He was already B.Th. of Cambridge when Gray granted him a three-year licence of absence from Little Gransden rectory for the purpose ‘frequentandi scolas in universitate aliqua infra regnum Anglie ac dimittendi ecclesiam suam predictam ad firmam’: Reg. Gray, fol. 46^r.

^{page 229 note 2} Reg. Gray, fols. 87^r, 92^r-v. The bishop's appointment of Warkworth is dated 6 November 1474 [recte 1473]. Warkworth, one of Gray's domestic chaplains, doubtless appealed to him as a Durham man, a theologian, and a lover of books, many of which he bequeathed to Peterhouse. See Biog. Cantab., Biog. Oxon., s.v. Rouclif (not called chancellor) and Warkworth together witness an episcopal charter of 7 June 1478: Reg. Gray fol. 97^r.

^{page 229 note 3} That he is so often termed ‘officialis curie Eliensis’ may reflect the degree to which extra-judicial business was conducted in the Ely consistory. The following instances of the title's use are not exhaustive: as inductor to benefices in the bishop's collation (Reg. Gray, fols. 12^v, 71^r), and during the vacancy of the archdeaconry (ibid., fol. 63^r-v); as assessor of a pension for a retiring rector (ibid., fol. 44^r); as commissary for enquiry into dilapidations (ibid., fol. 61^r), for institution (ibid., fol. 71^r), and for executing an archiepiscopal summons to convocation (ibid., fol. 191^r). See Owen, ‘Records of the Official’, 201–3.

^{page 229 note 4} Biog. Cantab., s.v. Radcliff, Roger; and see above. Both Ratcliffes, whose relationship is not known, were present 2 December 1456 in the principal chamber of the bishop's manor house at Downham for the resignation of Cottenham church: Reg. Gray, fol. 19^r–v.

^{page 229 note 5} Basically there were the judicial functions in the consistory. There follow those of correction, probate, the summoning and holding of clerical assemblies (synods and general chapters), the exaction of oaths of canonical obedience and the enforcement of residence in benefices, the punishment of unlicensed farming of benefices or of priests celebrating in unconsecrated places or for excessive salary, the examination of titles of appropriation or [institution], letters of orders and dispensations, in the case of the beneficed, and of letters of orders in the case of [stipendiary] priests, and the appointment of nuncii, apparitors, registrars and scribes of the acts, other than general ones, coupled with the injunction to do everything else needful for the conservation of the bishop's jurisdiction: Reg. Gray, fols. 1^v–2^r. This commission, unlike Laverok's (see below), is not in the same form as the one prefacing the late-fourteenth-century consistory court book [Arundel's Court Book].

^{page 229 note 6} Owen, ‘Records of the Official', 195 ff.; Aston, Thomas Arundel, 90 ff.

^{page 230 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 6^r. For this indulgence and its implementation see Lunt, W. E., Financial Relations of the Papacy with England, 1327–1534, Cambridge Mass. 1962, ii. 577–83.Google Scholar

^{page 230 note 2} Reg. Gray, fols. 5^r–6^r.

^{page 230 note 3} Reg. Gray, fols. 6^r–7^r. It is printed in D. Wilkins, Concilia etc., London 1737, iii. 572–3.

^{page 230 note 4} ‘Nullum tamen in nostra civitate et diocesi reperire potuimus qui huiusmodi libros vel aliquem librum huiusmodi habuit vel sic sapiebat, vel huiusmodi errores seu hereses tenebat docuit aut predicabat’. For Pecock's renunciation see Concilia, iii. 576.

^{page 230 note 5} Reg. Gray, fols. 106^r–107^r: Ratcliffe's commission 23 March 1458; Gray's return of the mandate 14 May 1458.

^{page 230 note 6} Ratcliffe was close to retirement. In October 1462 he resigned Eltisley church and received a pension of five marks from it. Reg. Gray, fol. 50^r.

^{page 230 note 7} Biog. Cantab., s.v.

^{page 230 note 8} Reg. Gray, fol. 35^v. Granted the usual judicial powers [as in Ratcliffe's commission], with authority to correct [preliminary enquiry not specified] the bishop's subjects, to sequestrate the fruits of vacant benefices and other goods [new clause], to grant probate &c. [without sequestration clause], to receive the oath of obedience, to celebrate the synod [general chapters not specified], convoke the clergy and people, and punish absentees, to collect sinodalia [new clause], to exercise all jurisdiction pertaining to the office [new clause], and to do all things which by right or custom ought to be done, even those requiring special mandate [new clause]. This is in the same form (there are minor verbal differences) as the commission issued (17 March 1374) to M. Nicholas Roos by Arundel, as bishop elect and confirmed, and reissued (20 April 1374) immediately after his consecration. It is printed by Aston, Thomas Arundel, 391–2 [Arundel Court Book, Ely Diocesan Records D 2/1, fols. 1^r, 6^v].

^{page 230 note 9} Reg. Gray, fols. 117^r–118^r.

^{page 231 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 49^r.

^{page 231 note 2} Reg. Gray, fol. 154^r: ‘… pro eo quod testamenti approbacio et insinuacio Thome Martyn de Ely defuncti pendebat in discordia inter officialem suum et dictum sacristam quia sacrista pretendebat prefatum Thomam fuisse dum vixit familiarem dicti monasterii, dicto officiale in contrarium asserente. Tamen dominus ex gracia considerans multa onera incumbencia dicto sacriste et eius officio graciose concessit dicti testamenti approbacionem et insinuacionem prefato sacriste, protestans &c. quod per huiusmodi concessionem fiat derogacio sibi imposterum &c’.

^{page 231 note 3} Emden, Biog. Oxon., suggests that the degree may have been of a continental university.

^{page 231 note 4} Reg. Gray, fols. 50^v–51^r.

^{page 231 note 5} Reg. Gray, fol. 133^r–v. Bole is termed ‘officialis curie Eliensis’. For the Barker case see ‘Practice and Problems’, 458–9.

^{page 231 note 6} Reg. Gray, fols. 188^r–189^r. It is noteworthy that Bole did not proceed ex officio, despite the specific clause in his commission.

^{page 231 note 7} Other less detailed acta of 16 August 1463 were likewise presided over by Bole in St. Mary's, again as commissary ad hoc. They involved five criminous clerks. Reg. Gray, fol. 52^r. For the prison see V.C.H. Cambridgeshire, iv. 31.

^{page 231 note 8} Reg. Gray, fol. 63^r–v.

^{page 231 note 9} Reg. Gray, fols. 63^v–64^r.

^{page 232 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 65^v: ‘mandavit emanari commissionem magistro Ricardo Robynson decretorum doctori ad exercendum officium officialitatis in civitate et diocesi Elien’ iuxta formam quam alias mandavit fieri magistro Ricardo Bole, ut patet supra’.

^{page 232 note 2} Reg. Gray, fol. 96^v; ‘Monachi Eliensis Continuatio Historiae Eliensis’ in H. Wharton, Anglia Sacra etc., London 1691, i. 673. William Talbot is the only recorded graduate with whom he could conjecturally be identified. Biog. Cantab., s.v.

^{page 232 note 3} Reg. Gray, fol. 8^r and 8^v.

^{page 232 note 4} He is called registrar on a number of occasions: e.g., Reg. Gray, fols. 27^v, 35^v, 62^v, 63^v. These range between December 1457 and February 1467.

^{page 232 note 5} E.g., Reg. Gray, fol. 41^r.

^{page 232 note 6} Reg. Gray, fol. 44^r.

^{page 232 note 7} Reg. Gray, fols. 66^v, 73^v.

^{page 232 note 8} Reg. Gray, fol. 73^v: ‘quarum copia non remansit in registri officio propter importunitatem dicti Willielmi’.

^{page 232 note 9} Reg. Gray, fol. 60^r: ‘Hec manumissio emanavit preter scitum registrarii ex aliena manu, que deberet registrari in iiii^to folio precedente [fol. 57^r] ad tale signum’. Marginal rubric.

^{page 232 note 10} Reg. Gray, fol. 63^r.

^{page 232 note 11} Reg. Gray, fol. 79^v.

^{page 232 note 12} Biog. Cantab., s.v.

^{page 232 note 13} Reg. Gray, fol. 65^v: ‘scriptum fuit magistro Roberto Bredon registr[ario] &c. ad inducendum &c.’

^{page 233 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 130^v.

^{page 233 note 2} See Haines, ‘Aspects of the Episcopate of John Carpenter, Bishop of Worcester 1444–1476, this Journal XIX (1968), 21–2.Google Scholar

^{page 233 note 3} Reg. Gray, fol. 125^r.

^{page 233 note 4} Reg. Gray, fol. 114^v: ‘Hic registrarius necligenter egit abdicando litteras domini episcopi Lond’. ‘Bredon’ is written in one of the hands of the register.

^{page 233 note 5} Reg. Gray, fol. 125^r.

^{page 233 note 6} Reg. Gray, fols. 105^v, 119^r.

^{page 233 note 7} Reg. Gray, fol. 64^r; Biog. Cantab., s.v.

^{page 233 note 8} E.g., Reg. Gray, fols. 156^v, 157^r, 182^r, 218^r (dup.). At the time of the Stow cum Quy appropriation (1457) he was appointed proxy both by the Ely prior and by archdeacon Stokes. ibid., fols. 103^r, 104^r.

^{page 233 note 9} Reg. Gray, fol. 73^v. This is the only time he is termed ‘registrar’.

^{page 233 note 10} Reg. Gray, fol. 75^r-v. Rouclif, Robinson, Warkworth and Edward Lokton, B.Cn.L., were present.

^{page 233 note 11} Biog. Cantab., App. s.v. Capull alias Copul, Henry.

^{page 234 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 120^r.

^{page 234 note 2} Reg. Gray, fols. 49^r, 117^r–118^r; 119^v.

^{page 234 note 3} Reg. Gray, fols. 117^v (bis), 119^v; cf. 138^r.

^{page 234 note 4} Biog. Oxon., s.v. Buck, Walter. The following year he was proctor of George Neville, archbishop of York, whom Gray had ordained priest (Neville was then Oxford chancellor) 21 December 1454: Reg. Gray, fol. 4^r.

^{page 234 note 5} Reg. Gray, fol. 77^r–v.

^{page 234 note 6} Biog. Cantab., s.v.

^{page 234 note 7} Reg. Gray, fol. 217^v.

^{page 234 note 8} Biog. Cantab., s.v. Malster alias Ward, William. Formerly (c. 1443) official of the archdeacon of Ely, he was Gray's commissary (with Ratcliffe and Laverok) for the Stow cum Quy appropriation (he being the rector), legal advisor at the Bamwell elections of 1464 and 1474, and a proctor for convocation in 1473: Reg. Gray, fols. 13^v, 102^r–v, 158^r, 182^r, 167^r.

^{page 234 note 9} Possibly to be identified with the Ely monk, B.Cn.L., in Biog. Cantab., s.v. Wels,—. In January 1459 he was a commissary (with Laverok) in a case of sanctuary violation (see below): Reg. Gray, fols. 38^r–v, 117^r–118^r. Le Neve, Fasti, iv. 17 (Ely priors) shows him as ‘occ. 1430’. The end of his priorate can be dated 24 April 1460 x 10 July 1462—when Henry Peterborough first appears: Reg. Gray, fols. 109^r, 109^v.

^{page 234 note 10} Reg. Gray, fols. 117^v, 118^r. Cf. Biog. Cantab., s.v. Kelyng, Edmund, where his B.Cn.L. is not noted. He was administering discipline and absolution in the Sparke (Lollardy) case as (rural) dean of Ely: ibid., fol. 133^r, and cf. 188^r.

^{page 234 note 11} He was present (1459) in the bishop's registry with another Yorkshire clerk, John Fylay, B.Cn.L.: Reg. Gray, fol. 44^r. See Biog. Cantab., s.v. Harryson, John; Fylay, John (not noted as B.Cn.L.).

^{page 234 note 12} Reg. Gray, fols. 96^r, 97^r; Anglia Sacra, i. 673; Mynors, Catalogue, xliii.

^{page 235 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 10^r. First mention of him seems to be 28 March 1455. In 1463 he was appointed general penitencer for Wisbech deanery: ibid., fols. 8^v, 52^r; Biog. Oxon., s.v. Apparently warden of the English hospice at Rome in 1449: Mynors, Catalogue, xxxix.

^{page 235 note 2} Reg. Gray, fol. 11^r. He was entrusted with the administration of the hospital of St. John the Baptist and St. Mary Magdalene, 9 October 1458—for the relief of its ‘inopia, ruina et miseria’. Cf. Biog. Oxon., s.v.; Mynors, Catalogue, xxxix.

^{page 235 note 3} Reg. Gray, fol. 12^r; Biog. Cantab., s.v.; Mynors, Catalogue, xxxix–xl.

^{page 235 note 4} Reg. Gray, fol. 35^v; Biog. Cantab., Biog. Oxon., s.v.; Mynors. Catalogue, xl–xli.

^{page 235 note 5} Reg. Gray, fol. 53^v; Biog. Cantab., s.v. Throwland; Biog. Oxon., s.v. Markham; Mynors, Catalogue, xxxix n. 2.

^{page 235 note 6} Reg. Gray, fol. 186^r: in conjunction with Warkworth and Bole; Biog. Oxon., s.v.; Mynors, Catalogue, xl n. 2.

^{page 235 note 7} Reg. Gray, fol. 76^v; Biog. Cantab., s.v. Townesend, William; Mynors, Catalogue, xl n. 2.

^{page 235 note 8} Reg. Gray, fol. 78^v.

^{page 235 note 9} Reg. Gray, fol. 98^v; Biog. Cantab., Biog. Oxon., s.v.; Mynors, Catalogue, xl n. 2, xliv.

^{page 235 note 10} E.g., Reg. Gray, fols. 27^v, 69^r, 69^v, 74^r, 75^v, 97^v, 186^r.

^{page 235 note 11} Reg. Gray, fol. 133^v.

^{page 235 note 12} Reg. Gray, fol. 80^v.

^{page 235 note 13} Reg. Gray, fols. 191^r, 162^r, 163^v, 170^r.

^{page 235 note 14} Reg. Gray, fols. 47^r, 69^r, 125^r, 186^r.

^{page 236 note 1} Reg. Gray, fols. 53^v (succeeding Stanley), 68^r–v, 71^r (where he is termed Throwland and the registrar could not supply his alias), 74^v.

^{page 236 note 2} Strother received in succession Rattlesden, Bluntisham, Hardwick and Brandon Ferry: Reg. Gray, fols. 48^r (bis), 87^r, 88^r.

^{page 236 note 3} Not mentioned as a graduate when presented to Shipdham. Gray's registrar omitted his presentation to Somersham. Reg. Gray, fol. 76^v; Biog. Cantab., s.v. [omits Shipdham].

^{page 236 note 4} Admitted to Kelshall 24 April 1459. Biog. Oxon., s.v.; Reg. Gray, fol. 55^v.

^{page 236 note 5} M. Edward Lokton was twice admitted to Rattlesden (1461 and 1466): Biog. Cantab., s.v.; Reg. Gray, fol. 55^r. Gray made him master of Whittlesford hospital: ibid., fol. 46^r.

^{page 236 note 6} M. Richard Freyston, admitted to Rettenden 23 February 1476, had died by the end of May 1477: Biog. Cantab., s.v. Freston, —; Reg. Gray, fol. 95^v.

^{page 236 note 7} Richard Redman, Robert Thwaites, Richard Bole, Richard Locke or Luke, William Burgh, William Apylby or Appulby, and John Free. Cf. Mynors, Catalogue, xxxix–xl.

^{page 236 note 8} John Rouclif, Roger Ratcliffe, John Dounham, Thomas Massenger or Massanger, and William Townsend.

^{page 236 note 9} Robert Norman, Thomas Markham, Thomas Lane (master), and Nicholas Gay. John Warkworth (Merton, Oxford) succeeded Lane as master.

^{page 236 note 10} John Hale, Alexander Lye or Lee, Robert Kale or Calle, and Edward Lokton.

^{page 236 note 11} Biog. Oxon., iii. App., s.v.

^{page 236 note 12} Cf. Biog. Cantab., s.v. Isham, — (Hysham); Reg. Gray, fol. 48^r.

^{page 236 note 13} Robert Thwaites and Gay were doctors, Warkworth and John Thwaites bachelors of theology.

^{page 236 note 14} Biog. Oxon., s.v.

^{page 236 note 15} Sharpe and Ratcliffe.

^{page 237 note 1} John Mersh, Thomas Lane and John Dounham.

^{page 237 note 2} The doctors were Robinson and Rouclif, the bachelors Robert Kale or Calle, and Richard Dale. For Massenger see Biog. Cantab., s.v.; Reg. Gray, fols. 94^v, 98^v.

^{page 237 note 3} Biog. Oxon., s.v. It may be noted that John Carpenter appointed Free prior of the Bristol Calendaries, hence [absentee] custodian of his newly established library there: Worcester Reg. Carpenter, i. fols. 185^v, 189^v. For Free's relations with Gray see Mitchell, R. J., John Free, London 1955, 74–5, 81.Google Scholar

^{page 237 note 4} Ratcliffe and Robinson held Doddington in succession: Reg. Gray, fols. 65^v, 73^v. The former resigned Eltisley (not in episcopal gift) in 1462: ibid., fol. 50^r.

^{page 237 note 5} Both of whom held Terrington: Reg. Gray, fols. 4^r, 61^v.

^{page 237 note 6} To Fen Ditton: Reg. Gray, fol. 87^r.

^{page 237 note 7} To Pulham: Reg. Gray, fols. 46^v–47^r.

^{page 237 note 8} Tydd St. Giles was presumably collated to him at the same time as he received from Gray a seven-year licence for study at Cambridge or elsewhere. He later held Barking and Doddington, resigned by Robinson when he became archdeacon. He also succeeded the latter as warden of Stourbridge hospital: Reg. Gray, fols. 96^v (ter), 97^r.

^{page 237 note 9} He held in succession Terrington (vacated by Chancellor Thwaites's death), Great Shelford and Dereham. By August 1466 he had died: Reg. Gray, fols. 39^r, 53^r, 56^r, 61^v.

^{page 237 note 10} Reg. Gray, fol. 53^r.

^{page 237 note 11} Reg. Gray, fol. 49^v, and see Mynors, R. A. B., ‘A Fifteenth-Century Scribe: T. Werken’, Cambridge Bibliographical Society Transactions, I (1949–1953), 97–104.Google Scholar

^{page 237 note 12} Reg. Gray, fols. 51^v–52^r.

^{page 238 note 1} Anglia Sacra, i. 672. An unusually wintry March day.

^{page 238 note 2} For details of the diocesan's properties see Aston, Thomas Arundel, chap. 8.

^{page 238 note 3} Reg. Gray, fols. 8^r, 8^v–9^r. Batcombe also surrendered a house near the parish church called ‘Le Logge’, which doubtless went with the office. Richard Thwaites, Stanley and the secretary, Porter, were present for the occasion at Downham.

^{page 238 note 4} Reg. Gray, fol. 73^r: ‘pro bono et gratuito servicio nobis et ecclesie nostre Elien’ impenso et impendendo dedisse et concessisse eidem Johanni officium senescalli curiarum palacii nostri de Ely una cum officio hundredarii nostri de Wichford infra insulam de Ely’.

^{page 238 note 5} Reg. Gray, fol. 89^r: ‘officium senescalli omnium curiarum et letarum suarum in comitatibus Cant' et Hunt' extra insulam de Ely’.

^{page 238 note 6} Reg. Gray, fol. 72^r: ‘officium senescalli curiarum nostrarum in comitatu Norff’, curiis nostris in partibus Mersland exceptis’.

^{page 238 note 7} The division of function with the ‘stewards’ of the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon outside the Isle, and of Norfolk—if the offices are in fact distinct—is not made clear.

^{page 238 note 8} Reg. Gray, fols. 92^v, 96^v: ‘officium ballivi libertatum omnium dominiorum nostrorum in comitatibus Cant' et Huntyngdon extra insulam’.

^{page 238 note 9} Reg. Gray, fol. 20^r: ‘officium ballivi libertatum omnium dominiorum et franchesiarum nostrorum in comitatibus Hereford’ et Essex’’.

^{page 238 note 10} Reg. Gray, fols. 34^r–v, 72^v: ‘officium ballivi libertatum hundredi nostri et dimidii de Mitford ac aliarum libertatum nostrarum in comitatibus Norff’ et Suff” simul cum custodia gaole nostre de Estderham et prisonum in eadem gaola existencium’.

^{page 239 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 75^v: ‘supervisorem omnium castrorum dominiorum maneriorum terrarum et tenementorum nostrorum infra insulam nostram Elien’ ac infra comitatus Cantebrig’ Hunt’ Norff’ Suff’ Hertford’ et Essex’’.

^{page 239 note 2} Cf. Mynors, Catalogue, xxxix.

^{page 239 note 3} Reg. Gray, fol. 84^r: ‘officium feodarii omnium et singulorum castrorum dominiorum maneriorum terrarum et tenementorum nostrorum in quibuscumque comitatibus Anglie que de nobis ut in iure ecclesie nostre Elien’ tenentur in capite per servicium militare’.

^{page 239 note 4} Reg. Gray, fol. 21^r. The commissaries were Thomas Gray, Ansty, Cliderow and Thomas Persons.

^{page 239 note 5} Reg. Gray, fol. 8^v. From time to time the bishop's exchequer at Ely is mentioned.

^{page 239 note 6} Reg. Gray, fol. 73^v: ‘officium appruatoris omnium dominiorum terrarum et tenementorum nostrorum infra insulam nostram Elien’ … officium ballive et dominii nostre de Hadenham infra insulam’.

^{page 239 note 7} Reg. Gray, fols. 26^v, 77^v. Cf. 74^v, where John Somercotes is granted £5 p.a. for life.

^{page 239 note 8} Reg. Gray, fols. 19^v–20^r.

^{page 239 note 9} Reg. Gray, fol. 82^v.

^{page 239 note 10} Reg. Gray, fol. 68^r: made parker of Shipdham.

^{page 239 note 11} Reg. Gray, fol. 20^v.

^{page 240 note 1} Reg. Gray, fol. 120^v. He was one of the trustees for the foundation of the Staundon chantry at Wimpole. He became Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and (1469) of the King's Bench. With Gray he was a feoffee of lands transferred to Tattershall College. See H.M.C.Rep., 77, De L'Isle and Dudley i. 174–5; H.M.C. Rep., 78, Reginald Rawdon Hastings i. 86–7; Cal. Pat. Rolls 1467–77, 120.

^{page 240 note 2} Reg. Gray, fols. 197^r–200^v.

^{page 240 note 3} Reg. Gray, fols. 26^v, 117^r–118^r, 118^r–119^v, 5^r, 5^v (bis), 17^r, 21^r, 27^v.

^{page 240 note 4} Reg. Gray, fols. 92^v, 96^v. Cf. fols. 49^r, 126^v–128^r. In 1458 William Alyngton the younger and John Ansty the elder were among those named in a commission for gaol delivery at Cambridge: Cal. Pat. Rolls 1452–61, 490–1.

^{page 240 note 5} Mynors, Catalogue, xxxiii.

^{page 240 note 6} Reg. Gray, fols. 8^v–9^r, 26^v, 34^r–v. He was also steward of Ely before Aspelon's appointment in 1468: ibid., fol. 73^r.

^{page 240 note 7} Reg. Gray, fols. 5^v (bis), 17^r, 13^r.

^{page 240 note 8} Reg. Gray, fol. 74^r–v. With Bole, Warkworth and Thomas Swan he acted as feoffee of the manor of Chewells in Haddenham.

^{page 240 note 9} Reg. Gray, fols. 7^v–8^r: ‘Officium constabularii … cum aiseamento aule iuxta portas eiusdem et camerarum ad utrumque finem eisudem aule ac super easdem portas situatarum, cum aisiamento unius stabuli pro tribus equis infra castrum predictum, una cum custodia castri nostri predicti et prisonum ibidem existencium … Et ad tenendum curias nostras hamelett’ et hundred’ … et curias et letas de Tiryngton, Walton et Walpole etc.’.

^{page 241 note 1} Reg. Gray, fols. 75^v, 5^r, 5^v, 17^r, 79^v. He served on the commission for enquiry into feudal dues and received the lands which Gray had earlier granted to John Kilvington: ibid., fols. 21^r, 72^v.

^{page 241 note 2} P.R.O. Lists and Indexes ix, List of Sheriffs, rep. New York 1963, 13. 3

^{page 241 note 3} B.M. Royal MS. 8 E XII, end paper (fol. 218^r).

^{page 241 note 4} Reg. Gray, fols. 73^v, 84^r, 73^v.

^{page 241 note 5} Reg. Gray, fols. 73^r, 89^r, 77^v, 79^v.

^{page 241 note 6} Cf. Mynors, Catalogue, xx, xxiv, xxxviii and n.

^{page 241 note 7} Reg. Gray, fols. 21^r, 28^r–v.

^{page 241 note 8} Reg. Gray, fols. 19^v–20^r. For Richard Thwaites see Mynors, , ‘Some Book-markers at Peterhouse’, in Studies in Medieval History presented to Frederick Maurice Powicke, Oxford 1948, 467–8. The warden of the hospice in 1452 was a John Kilvington, apparently the John Kilvington, armiger, who received lands and then the bailiffry of the liberty of Norfolk and Suffolk from the bishop: Mynors, Catalogue, xxxviii; Reg. Gray, fols. 72^r, 72^v, 97^v.Google Scholar

^{page 241 note 9} Reg. Gray, fols. 83^r, 99^r.

^{page 241 note 10} Later bailiff of Littleport and Downham: Reg. Gray, fol. 56^v.

^{page 242 note 1} ‘Cupiens ecclesiam Elien’ sponsam suam in suis libertatibus et immunitatibus immaculatam esse et inviolatam nolensque ex certis causis et consideracionbus ipsum moventibus immunitates libertates huiusmodi diucius ventilari questionibus.’

^{page 242 note 2} Reg. Gray, fols. 38^r–v, 117^r–118^r.