^{page 1 note 1} Wharton, H., Anglia Sacra etc., London 1691, i. 534Google Scholar; cf. Thomas, W., Survey of the Cathedral Church of Worcester etc., London 1737, 173Google Scholar. Stigand was bishop-elect of Elmham in 1042 (though deprived before consecration), bishop of Winchester (1047–70)—where he was buried, and archbishop of Canterbury (1052–70). He held Winchester and Canterbury in plurality, being deprived of both in 1070.

^{page 1 note 2} Bishop of Chichester (1215–17), of Salisbury (1217–28), and of Durham (1228–37).

^{page 1 note 3} His successor at St. David's, Reginald Brian, likewise moved to Worcester, and thence to Ely.

^{page 1 note 4} Loci e Libra Veritatum, Oxford 1881, 22Google Scholar: ‘… jam in istis diebus emunt ita care suas translaciones et suos episcopatus dum vivunt, quod non sunt digni transferri post mortem suam nee ut Deus operetur per eorum merita opera miraculosa’.

^{page 1 note 5} Adae Murimuth Continuatio Chronicarum, ed. Thompson, E. Maunde, R.S., London 1889, 172–3Google Scholar. The editor uses B.M. Harleian MS. 3836, on fol. 50' of which the jingle appears. Wharton, Anglia Sacra, i. 533–4, has a slightly different version ‘ex archivis castri de Belvoir’, which begins: ‘Trinus erat Adam; talem suspendere vadam’ (etc., as in the Harleian MS.). Cf. Thomas, Survey, 173; Chronicon Galfridi le Baker de Swynebroke, ed. Thompson, E. Maunde, Oxford 1889, 54Google Scholar. Worcester was slightly more valuable (in normal times) than Hereford, while Winchester was the wealthiest English bishopric. See the assessments for papal servitia (c. 1460) and the parallel valuation of the Valor Ecclesiasticus (1535) in English Historical Documents 1327–1485, ed. Myers, A. R., London 1969, 725Google Scholar.

^{page 2 note 1} Roberti de Graystanes Dunelmensis Episcopi Historia de Statu Ecclesiae, 1214–1336, in Anglia Sacra, i. 732–64. ‘Iste Adam, juris canonici professor, primo fuit in Curia, et post sit Herefordensis, de Herefordensi Wigorniensis, de Wigorniensi Wintoniensis, non electione ordinaria sed per reservationem in Curia…’(761).

^{page 2 note 2} Henrici de Blaneforde Chronica, ed. Riley, H. T., R.S., London 1866, 140–1Google Scholar. For Pauli, Reinhold (Geschichte von England, Gotha 1855, iv. 281Google Scholar) Orleton was ‘einen Mann von Wissen und Charakter’ who refused to be tried before a secular court.

^{page 2 note 3} Bannister, A. T. in his introduction to The Register of Adam de Orleton, Bishop of Hereford (1317–27), Cantilupe Society, Hereford 1907Google Scholar (also Canterbury & York Society, v, 1908), is almost exclusively concerned with the bishop as a political figure. I am in process of editing Orleton's Worcester register for the Worcestershire Historical Society.

^{page 2 note 4} A good general assessment of Orleton's career, though with little attention to his diocesan activity, is to be found in G. A. Usher's M.A. thesis (University of Wales 1954). See also Emden, A. B., A Biographical Register of the University of Oxford to 1500, Oxford 1957–9Google Scholar, ii. s.v. Orleton.

^{page 2 note 5} Reg. Orleton, ii. fol. 20^v, 28 January 1338: ‘… gravem infirmitatem quam in sinistro oculo patimur’.

^{page 2 note 6} Reg. Orleton, i. fob. 65^r–v, 66^r. The Council was summoned for 1 October 1338 at St. Bride's, London. ‘… verum quia propter gravem infirmitatem corporis quam patimur dictis die et loco personaliter interesse non valemus’ (fol. 66^r).

^{page 2 note 7} Ibid., i. fol. 87^r, 3 March [1340]: ‘… gravi infirmitate corporis prepediti’.

^{page 2 note 8} Goodman, A. W., Chartulary of Winchester Cathedral, Winchester 1927, 223 no. 525Google Scholar: a reference to Sext 3, 5, c. 1 Pastoralis officii.

^{page 2 note 9} For Usk see Haines, R. M., The Administration of the Diocese of Worcester in the first half of the Fourteenth Century, London 1965Google Scholar, [cited hereafter as Worcester Administration] index sub nom.

^{page 3 note 1} Reg. Orleton, ii. fob. 78^r–85^v.

^{page 3 note 2} Ibid., ii. fols. 34^r, 84^r–86^v; Stephen Birchington, Historia de Archiepiscopis Cantuariensibus … ad annum MCCCLXIX, in Anglia Sacra, i. 38–9. 3 Birchington, loc. cit.

^{page 3 note 4} Reg. Orleton, ii. fols. 101^r–107^v. ‘Non plus de tempore domini Adeepiscopi Wynton' episcopi predicti, quia idem episcopus xviii die mensis Julii anno domini millesimo CCC^moXLV^to iubente domino diem suum apud Farnham clausit extremum’: Ibid., fol. 107^v. Cf. The Register of John de Trillek 1344–61, Cantilupe Soc, Hereford 1910, 55Google Scholar: ‘superstes fuit in hac vita usque ad xviii diem Julii inter horam dormicionis postprandie consuetam in Anglia et horam vesperarum ejusdem diei’. But, according to the inquisition post mortem held at Winchester, the bishop died on the Sunday before St. Margaret at the hour of Vespers, i.e. 17 July: Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous (Chancery) 1307–49, London 1916, ii. 487 no. 1944Google Scholar.

^{page 3 note 5} Mediaeval Farnham: everyday Life in an Episcopal Manor, Farnham 1935 (repr. 1949)Google Scholar.

^{page 3 note 6} Ibid., 141.

^{page 3 note 7} Wilkins, D., Concilia etc., London 1737, ii. 675–78, 696–702, 702–9Google Scholar. See Brenda Bolton, ‘The Council of London of 1342’, in Studies in Church History, vii, ed. Cumming, G. J. and Baker, Derek, Cambridge 1971, 147–60Google Scholar. An earlier mandate of archbishop Stratford, dated from Antwerp 5 May 1339, required violators of ecclesiastical liberties to be declared ipso facto excommunicate in accordance with the denunciation of his predecessor, Simon Mepham: Reg. Orleton, ii. fols. 30^r–31^r; Concilia, ii. 552–3.

^{page 4 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 42'. For a similar case of the theft of a breviary, see A Calendar of the Register of Wolstan de Bransford, London 1966, 9–10Google Scholar.

^{page 4 note 2} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 50'.

^{page 4 note 3} Ibid., i. fols. 70^v–71^r (Binsted): ‘… dictum Johannem uxorem et familiam suam ferocitate lupina irruentes contumelias plagas et vulnera gravia inhumaniter intulerunt’.

^{page 4 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 96^r.

^{page 4 note 5} Ibid., i. fol. 124^r. A similar incident is recorded in the contemporary Worcester register. Calendar of Register Bransford, 104.

^{page 4 note 6} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 98v.

^{page 4 note 7} Ibid., i. fol. 120^v: ‘… ad ostentationem virium suarum et audacie’.

^{page 4 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 62^r.

^{page 4 note 9} Ibid., i. fol. 64^v.

^{page 4 note 10} Ibid., i. fol. 100 A^r.

^{page 5 note 1} Ibid., i. fol. 4^r.

^{page 5 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 100 D^v.

^{page 5 note 3} The points at issue in the time of bishops Waiter Raleigh and Aymer de Valence (mid-thirteenth century) have been copied into bishop Pontissara's register. Registrum Johannis de Pontissara episcopi Wyntoniensis, 1282–1304, ed. Deedes, C., Canterbury & York Soc, xix, 1915, 1–2Google Scholar. A composition was eventually arranged in 1348 between bishop Edington and the then archdeacon of Surrey, M. Richard Vaughan: Winchester Reg. Edyndon, i. fols. 12^r–13^v.

^{page 5 note 4} ‘… verbum Dei super passagio ultramarino de mandate apostolico publice predicaret’.

^{page 5 note 5} Reg. Orleton, ii. fols. 15^r–v. There are some thirty entries in the register concerned with the Inge dispute.

^{page 5 note 6} Ibid., i. fol. 54^v.

^{page 5 note 7} Ibid., i. fol. 78^v.

^{page 5 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 57^v: ‘… aucipitrem eiusdem patris infra monasterium de Bermondeseye iuxta claustrum eiusdem in loco sacro et eciam dedicate in pertica sua sedentem’. For the unfortunate state of the priory at this time see V.C.H. Surrey, ed. Maiden, H. E., ii, London 1905, 72Google Scholar. It was sequestrated as alien in August 1337.

^{page 6 note 1} Ibid., i. fob. 88^v, 50^r.

^{page 6 note 2} Some of the problems have been studied in the context of Sir William Shareshull's career. See Putnam, B. H., The Place in Legal History of Sir William Shareshull … a Study of Judicial and Administrative Methods in the Reign of Edward III, Cambridge 1950Google Scholar, especially the chapters (4–5) on legislative measures and law enforcement.

^{page 6 note 3} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1338–40, 134: 4 July 1338. Cf. Cal. Close Rolls, 1337–9, 619. A commission of oyer and terminer, which included Shareshull, was appointed on Orleton's complaint. The fact that John de Ambresbury, clerk, is named as one of the alleged intruders, suggests Inge's complicity, for John is known to have acted as his official in the Surrey archdeaconry (e.g. Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1345–8, 423–4). Orleton had excommunicated him in 1335: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 48^v. Portsmouth was plundered and burnt in March 1338. See V.C.H. Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, ed. Doubleday, H. A. and Page, W., v, London 1912, 363 (Maritime History, by L. G. Carr Laughton)Google Scholar.

^{page 6 note 4} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 70^r: ‘… homicidio et sanguinis effusione ut dicitur pollutam cuius eciam lignea edificia per violenciam et hostium externorum incursum voracis incendii flamma in parte sunt combusta’. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., iii (1908), 530; Ibid., v. 363.

^{page 6 note 5} Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 31^v–32^r, 6 February 1336: ‘Mandatum contra incastellantes ecclesiam de Farnham’.

^{page 6 note 6} Ibid., 1. 153^r–154^r, and cf. fols. 163^v, 175^r.

^{page 6 note 7} Ibid., 1. fol. 157^v: ‘Arraiatoribus hominum ad arma pro custodia terre maritime in comitatu Suthampton’ [rubric]. ‘… et licet idem episcopus circa arraiacionem predictam diligenter intendat et homines et familiares suos ac alios de retinencia sua arraiari et muniri fecerit et cum toto posse suo quanto potencius potest super custodia terre maritime in partibus illis moretur, vos nichilominus ipsum episcopum ad inveniendum duos homines ad arma racione manerii sui de Dogmersfeld in dicto comitatu Sutht’ pro custodia terre maritime facienda graviter distringi et multipliciter inquietari facitis minus iuste…'.

^{page 6 note 8} Ibid., i. fols. 154^r, 168^r–169^r.

^{page 7 note 1} Cf. Calendar of Register Bransford, 1–li.

^{page 7 note 2} The bishop uses the same epithet that Stratford applied to a more famous document, the authorship of which some have attributed to Orleton. It seems to have been a common description of objectionable libelli.

^{page 7 note 3} I. That Orleton had been responsible for Baldock's fate in 1327. 2. That he preached that Edward 11 was a tyrant and thus turned his subjects from him. 3. That he made queen Isabella fear to return to her husband, to the detriment of the royal marriage.

^{page 7 note 4} Historiae Anglkanae Scriptores Decent, ed. R. Twysden, London 1652, cols. 2763–8: ‘Responsiones Ade quondam Wigorniensis episcopi modo Wyntoniensis electi confirmati, ad appellationem contra ipsum propositum, a.d. 1334’; Chariulaiy of Winchester, 104–5, 105–7, nos. 233–4.

^{page 7 note 5} In March 1334 the king directed a mandate against disturbers of the peace to all bishops of England and Wales ‘except Adam who claims to be bishop of Winchester’: Cat. Pat. Rolls, 1330–4, 573–4.

^{page 7 note 6} Chartulary of Winchester, 118 no. 260.

^{page 7 note 7} See A. J. Willis, ‘Handlist of the Episcopal Records of the Diocese of Winchester’, typescript January 1964 (Hampshire Record Office). On the flyleaf of the first volume of Edington’s register is a list of Winchester bishops from Birinus ‘primus episcopus’ and a note to the effect that the registers of Pontissara, Woodlock, Sandale, Assier, Stratford, Orleton, Edington, Wykeham and Beaufort—all of which have survived, came into the hands of bishop Waynflete (1447–86). ‘Horum registra pervenerunt ad manus domini Willelmi Wayneflete Winton’ Episcopi et non aliorum predecessorum suorum'.

^{page 8 note 1} B.M. Royal MS. App. 88.

^{page 8 note 2} Autograph note appended to one from J. P. Gilson (dated November 1914) attached to the dorse of the front cover of the second volume.

^{page 8 note 3} Two letters from Gilson to Madge (additional to the note mentioned above), dated 20 and 26 November 1914 respectively, are inserted in an envelope stuck to the inside back cover of Orleton ii. Gilson thought that the Royal MS. leaves could well have formed part of Orleton's register, but he had reservations and left it ‘as a suggestion rather than a definitive statement’.

^{page 8 note 4} The Royal MS. folios are numbered, after ‘fol. i’ (which is in a modern hand), f. 2–f. 10. The first folio of the second volume of Register Orleton is numbered ‘9’.

^{page 8 note 5} As indeed is suggested by the use of the title ‘pars registri 3^a‘and ‘quat. 1’ (which is written on each folio). When begun it was somewhat elaborate, being written in what Gilson called ‘a rather ornate, not to say florid’ charter hand, but from folio 6 an ordinary current hand is used.

^{page 8 note 6} Arabic foliation (added in black ink) runs from 1 to 29. The enumerator then overlooked fol. 30, which is now 29* (modern hand). From 30 [ii], recte fol. 31, the numeration continues to fol. 57. The subsequent folio is marked 57* (modern hand), being followed by a third folio 57 (original hand). Fol. 58 is therefore really fol. 61. The numbers continue without further aberration to fol. 100. The entry at the foot of fol. 100^v is not continued on the next folio, but on a later folio numbered 101. The intervening folios bear an original Arabic numeration 58, 59 [light ink] (60) [dark ink], 60 [altered from 61], 62, now renumbered 100 A, 100 B, 100 G, and 100 D respectively. They constitute an interpolated ‘quire’ of two sheets. There are no further interruptions between fol. 101 (recte 108—as the register now exists) and folio 128 (recte 135). The register of royal writs follows, with separate pagination from 1 to 54, followed by a single folio with names of cardinals. [There is a similar list in the Exeter register of John de Grandisson, 1327–69, ed. Randolph, F. C. Hingeston, London/Exeter 1894, 414–15Google Scholar.] This section is also numbered 129 (al. 130) to 183 in a modern hand. Various financial details, including Orleton's expenses on the king's business, are entered on a half folio inserted between 175 and 176.

^{page 8 note 7} The medieval pagination continues to fol. 39 (black ink) and resumes at fol. 43, the intermediate folios being numbered in a later hand.

^{page 8 note 8} There are by my enumeration 1405 entries in the first volume, 626 in the second. At fol. 1 of the first volume is a somewhat all-inclusive rubric: ‘De commissionibus dispensacionibus dimissoriis et brevibus regiis’. There is a brief rubric introducing the brevia regia at fol. 129 (al. 130), and this section is interrupted at fol. 152r for an abstract of sums paid to the sheriff of Southampton, followed by an excerpt from the pipe roll. Subdivision is equally lacking in the second volume. It begins at fol. 9 with a mutilated rubric to the effect that it introduces a quire of material concerned with the sexennial tenth for the defence of the Holy Land and other bulls and papal mandates. At fol. 43 there is a very prominent heading: ‘Registrum venerabilis patris domini Ade dei gracia Wyntonien’ episcopi translati de episcopatu Wygorn' prima die mensis Decembris anno domini millesimo CCC^mo tricesimo tercio', followed by: ‘Institutiones collationes et inducciones beneficiorum vacantium primo anno translacionis sue, et anno domini millesimo CCG^mo tricesimo quarto’. This suffices for the rest of the register.

^{page 9 note 1} Winchester, Alton, Somborne, Southampton, Alresford, the Island, Droxford, Basingstoke, Andover, Ford.

^{page 9 note 2} Southwark, Ewell, Guildford.

^{page 9 note 3} The constituent parishes are listed by Churchill, I. J., Canterbury Administration, London 1933, i. 63 n.6.Google Scholar

^{page 9 note 4} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 88, 108. It was to Shinfield, Berkshire, the Hereford chapter's rectory, that Orleton went when the temporalities of his Hereford bishopric were confiscated (Hereford Reg. Orleton, xviii n., xxvi, xxx). Ironically—or it may be accounted a matter of just restitution—it was after the death of Hugh le Despenser the elder in 1327 that Orleton, then treasurer of England, received a grant of his manor of Beaumes for life. Beaumes or ‘Beaumys’ lay either in Shinfield or Swallowfield. See V.C.H. Berkshire, ed. Page, W. and Ditchfield, P. H., iii, London 1923, 270–1Google Scholar. After his translation to Worcester Orleton often resided at Beaumes, but if nearness to London was a factor, it is not clear why he preferred it to the manor of the Worcester bishops at Hillingdon (Middx.) or to their house in the Strand.

^{page 9 note 5} Notably during the 1341–2 ‘Stratford crisis’.

^{page 9 note 6} See my Worcester Administration, chap. 3. The reference at 132, 338, to Hugh de Penebrugg as ‘adjutor’ should read ‘auditor’. The same error occurs in the Calendar of Register Bransford, xxii, xxvi, 13, 588.

^{page 9 note 7} For the vicar-general's powers, see Worcester Administration, 99–105. Few specific details of this officer's authority and its exercise can be gleaned from Orleton's register.

^{page 9 note 8} Reg. Orleton, ii. fol. 45^r, 16 July 1334. ‘… ipso extra diocesem agente’.

^{page 10 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 19^r, 14 May [1335]:‘… Quia ex certis causis et legitimis extra nostram diocesetn per aliqua tempora nos oportebit abesse, de vestris fidelitate et industria plenam in domino fiduciam optinentes, nobis extra dictam diocesem nostram in remotis agentibus vos in spiritualibus nostros constituimus vicarios generales, omnia et singula que ad huiusmodi vicariatus officium pertinent necessariaque fuerint vel eciam oportuna vobis tenore presencium committentes…’. Orleton was attending the York parliament, which met 26 May 1335. See Ibid., i. fols. 19^v, 20^v.

^{page 10 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 41^r. Orleton was about to set out for France, ostensibly to discuss the prospect of a crusade, among other matters. Foedera etc., ed. Rymer, T., London 1704–35, iv. 703–4Google Scholar; Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 280, 301, 306.

^{page 10 note 3} ‘… Quia nos de mandato domini nostri regis Anglie illustris pro negocio eiusdem et regni sui extra nostram diocesem in remotis agentes administracioni spiritualium intendere personaliter non valemus,… vos et quemlibet vestrum coniunctim et divisim vicarios nostros in spiritualibus ordinamus et constituimus per presentes, ac vobis et cuilibet vestrum coniunctim et divisim nostrorum et ecclesie nostre iurium iurisdiccionis libertatum possessiones vel quasi per quascumque censuras ecclesiasticas tuendi et defendendi et quascumque sentencias per nos in quemcumque latas debite execucioni demandandi, necnon ad omnia et singula faciendi et exercendi que vicariatus concernunt officium vices nostras committimus cum cohercionis canonice potestate.’

^{page 10 note 4} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 74^r. He was commissioned with John de Usk, the official, to visit St. Elizabeth's college.

^{page 10 note 5} Ibid., ii. fol. 85^v, where he is named as inductor with the official of the archdeacon of Winchester.

^{page 10 note 6} Benedict's constitutions (20 June 1336) Summi magistri are printed in Wilkins, D., Concilia etc., London 1737, ii. 588–613Google Scholar. Part of Summi magistri, containing the ‘one in twenty’ provision, is printed by Denifle, H. and Chatelain, E. in Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis, Paris 1891, ii. 463–5Google Scholar. See also Knowles, D., The Religious Orders in England, Cambridge 1957, ii. chap. 2Google Scholar. According to a note on a blank leaf of bishop Pontissara's register (fol. 143) there were 64 monks at Winchester cathedral priory in 1325: V.C.H. Hants., ii. London 1903, 111Google Scholar.

^{page 10 note 7} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 85^v.

^{page 10 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 112^r.

^{page 10 note 9} Ibid., ii. fols. 55^r. 62^r, 74^v, 75^v. 79^r. 80^v, 85^v, 89^v.

^{page 10 note 10} Ibid., i. fol. 27^v.

^{page 11 note 1} Ibid., i. fol. 30^v.

^{page 11 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 94^v. The archbishop's action was regarded (understandably) as an unwarranted infringement of the diocesan's rights. A compromise was arranged whereby Robert de Legh resigned and was then re-appointed by Stratford on Orleton's authority. Orleton wrote a very conciliatory letter in response to the archbishop's suggestions (Ibid.). The whole process occupies Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 93^r–95^v.

^{page 11 note 3} Worcester Administration, index sub nom. For a time he continued to occupy his old benefice of Hanbury.

^{page 11 note 4} John de Ford, the subprior of Winchester, was appointed to execute mandates directed to the bishop or his official (Reg Orleton, i. fol. 1^r: 22 March 1334), while M. Hugh Prani (or Pravi) was deputed ‘ad audiendumet fine debito terminandum causas et negocia in consistoriis nostris mota et movenda, necnon ad inquirendum, corrigendum et puniendum subditorum nostrorum excessus cum potestate rescribendi ad appellaciones et querelas in nostri officialis absentia’ (Ibid., i. fol. 1^v: 5 April [1334]).

^{page 11 note 5} By Boniface viii's regulation (Sext 1, 13, c. 2 Licet in officialem) a diocesan's commission of the officiality in general terms could be taken as conferring authority to hear causes, but not the power of enquiry, correction and punishment, or of removal from benefice, office or administration. Such powers had to be granted specifically. Doubtless this explains why they are so carefully enumerated in fourteenth-century commissions. See Worcester Administration, 109–10, 331–2.

^{page 11 note 6} This is at variance with Worcester practice where commissions to officials at this time never contain clauses authorising them to deal with testamentary matters. At Worcester this was primarily the business of the sequestrator-general. See Worcester Administration, 112–13 (for a possible case of an official who was given testamentary jurisdiction), 114–24.

^{page 11 note 7} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 11^v, 27 November [1334]: ‘Ad inquirendum super excessibus et delictis subditorum nostrorum quorumcumque necnon ea et alia quecumque nuper in nostra actuali visitacione comperta corrigendum et puniendum, correccione religiosorum nostre diocesis nobis specialiter reservata’.

^{page 11 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 74^r. Undated, but ‘23 August 1349 [sic]’ added later in the margin, apparently in the same hand responsible for other marginalia, e.g. i. fol. 80^r. John de Wolveley, the chancellor, is associated with Usk in the commission.

^{page 12 note 1} Ibid., i. fol. 77^v, 11 July 1339.

^{page 12 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 80^r. Memorandum that a commission in the same form as that for Newark [below] was issued to the official and to Adam de Wambergh, his commissarygeneral, for a visitation to be held on the Wednesday after the Exaltation (i.e. 15 September).

^{page 12 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 80^r, 6 September 1339. Adam de Wambergh was associated with Usk.

^{page 12 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 29*^v, undated [January 1336?]. Others named in the commission are William de Edington, master of St. Cross hospital, John de Nubbelegh, treasurer of Wolvesey, and the chancellor, John de Wolveley, rector of Arreton.

^{page 12 note 6} Ibid., i. fol. 41^r–v, 21 July 1336. The abbess, prioress and others in authority in the monastery had allegedly been so remiss in their duties that several nuns, unmindful of their sex, had resorted to the dwellings of seculars and to other undesirable places, even admitting five persons of doubtful character (personas suspectas) to the monastery itself. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 123–4.

^{page 12 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 16^v. Election of Thomas de Kent. There was delay in the installation of the new prior on account of the bishop's dispute with the archdeacon of Surrey. The mandate for the proclamation of his election is dated 1 April 1335 from Nottingham, but it was not until 17 March 1336 that Orleton sent his mandate for installation to the official: Ibid., i. fol. 34^v. Meanwhile Kent had complained to the Court of Canterbury: Ibid., i. fol. 29*.

^{page 12 note 7} Ibid., i. fol. 53^r–v. The election of Richard de Butesthorn was examined before the bishop in Farnham parish church 26 and 28 March 1337. [The MS. has 1336, possibly cancelled by subpunctuation.]

^{page 12 note 8} Ibid., i. fols. 34^r, 82^v. Thomas de Wynton' was elected prior of Selborne.

^{page 12 note 9} Ibid., i. fol. 95^r.

^{page 12 note 10} Ibid., i. fol. 81^r–v. Election of John de Lutlynton.

^{page 12 note 11} Ibid., i. fol. 87^r–v. Election of Amicia Ladde.

^{page 12 note 12} Ibid., i. fol., 112^r–v, election of John de Wallop (Breamore); ii. fols. 101^v–102^r, election of Walter le Blount (Mottisfont).

^{page 12 note 13} The question is discussed in Worcester Administration, 247–50. Thomas Cobham resisted certain appropriations to monasteries, but was not unfavourable to the demands of niversity colleges. At Winchester Orleton successfully (for his episcopate) resisted the appropriation of Wonston to the cathedral priory, set in train by his predecessors bishops Woodlock (1305–16) and Stratford (1323–33). In his turn Stratford, as archbishop, co-operated with bishop Edington in opposing Orleton's inchoate appropriation of Froyle. In both cases there was resistance to papal mandates. See V.C.H. Hants., ii. 503; Ibid., iii. 460–1; Cal. Papal Letts., iii. 225; Cal. Papal Pets., i. 122.

^{page 13 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 85^v.

^{page 13 note 2} Ibid. i. fols. 71^v–72^v, and cf. fol. 50^v.

^{page 13 note 3} Ibid., i, fol. 67^v, and see above, 12 n. 13.

^{page 13 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 17^r, 18 April 1335. Subsequently he was deputed to discuss the appropriation with the cathedral chapter: Ibid., i. fol. 19^v.

^{page 13 note 5} E.g. Ibid., i. fols. 19^v, 20^v, 21^r, 21^v, 25^r, 118^v–119^r.

^{page 13 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 67^v, 30 October 1338: ‘Ad deputandum aliquem magistrum ydoneum qui monachos ecclesie nostre Wynt’ ad hoc dociles in scientiis primitivis videlicet grammatica logica et philosophia doceat, necnon ad eligendum dictos monachos qui dociles fuerint cum consilio proborum et seniorum capituli ecclesie nostre predicte et ordinandum de certo numero eorundem instruendorum ac locis et temporibus quibus leccionibus vel divinis officiis seu obsequiis aliis oportunis intendant, ac ad amovendum dictum magistrum instructorem et personas instruendas cum consilio proborum et seniorum predictorum prout vobis visum fuerit expediens et subrogandum alios loco eorundem, necnon ad omnia alia et singula facienda que iuxta formam et effectum constitucionum sanctissimi in Christo patris domini Benedicti divina providencia pape XII in hac parte editarum in premissis et circa premissa necessaria fuerint vel oportuna vobis committimus vices nostras cum cohercionis canonice potestate'. For the operation of the Benedictine statute De studiis, see Documents illustrating the Activities of the General and Provincial Chapters of the English Black Monks 1515–1540, ed. Pantin, W. A., Camden 3rd ser. xlv, xlvii, liv, London 1931–7Google Scholar, Index of Subjects s.v. Benedict xii, and esp. ii. 84–5.

^{page 13 note 7} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 25^v, 6 September 1335. Rectory of North Waltham.

^{page 14 note 1} Ibid., i. fol. 128^r, 3 February 1345. The dispute was between the vicar of Hayling and those of his parishioners who claimed the right to attend divine service on certain days in Northwood chapel.

^{page 14 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 98^v, 12 December 1340. Ford church had allegedly been tainted by bloodshed.

^{page 14 note 3} Ibid., i. fols. 88^v, 96^v.

^{page 14 note 4} Ibid., i. fols. 75^v, 77^v, 107^v.

^{page 14 note 5} The English Clergy and their Organisation in the later Middle Ages, Oxford 1947, 52 n.1Google Scholar. He was writing of the fifteenth century, but it was also true of an earlier period. Orleton himself, during his tenure of that see, appointed Richard de Sydenhale as ‘in sui officialis absencia commissarius generalis’: Hereford Register Orleton, 85–6. Even when the official was in the diocese Sydenhale continued to act as commissary: Ibid., index s.v. Sidenhall.

^{page 14 note 6} Worcester Administration, 130–3.

^{page 14 note 7} E.g.- Reg. Orleton, ii. fols. 57^r (Codington vie), (Sanderstead rect.); 60^r (Woodmansterne rect.); 60^v (Kingston, chapel of B.V.M.); 61^v (Wotton rect.); 63^r (Wisley rect.), (Rotherhithe rect.); 65^r (Headley rect.). Occasionally the benefice concerned did lie in the Winchester archdeaconry, as in the case of West Meon (Ibid., fol. 65^v), but this rectory was in the bishop's collation, Wambergh acting as special commissary.

^{page 14 note 8} The bishop regarded him as having forfeited his position at least by 21 September 1335: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 52^r.

^{page 14 note 9} E.g. Reg. Orleton, ii. fob. 19^v, 20^r, 41^v (collection of cardinals' procurations); Ibid., 35^v (promotion of suffrages for peace in accordance with Benedict XII's bull); Ibid., 65^v (execution of mandate for the summoning of an ecclesiastical council).

^{page 14 note 10} Winchester Reg. Edyndon, i. fols. 12^r–13^v. By the terms of the composition with the Surrey archdeacon there was to be only one commissary-general for the diocese (commissario unico dumtaxat generali pro tota Wynt' diocesi deputato).

^{page 14 note 11} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 28^r, 23 August 1335. ‘… super quibuscumque excessibus vel criminibus seu aliis ad salutem et correccionem anime sue motis seu movendis ac super eisdem inquirendis huiusmodi crimina et excessus in forma iuris corrigendum et puniendum…’.

^{page 15 note 1} Ibid., i. fol. 51^r, 11 March 1337.

^{page 15 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 90^r, 20 May 1340.

^{page 15 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 67^r (Canterbury province, St. Bride's, 1 October 1338); Ibid., fol. 85^r (Canterbury province, St. Paul's, 24 January 1340).

^{page 15 note 4} See Worcester Administration, 114–24, esp. 114 nn. 6, 7, and 115 n. 1; C. Morris, ‘The Commissary of the Bishop in the Diocese of Lincoln’, this Journal, X. 50–65. At Lincoln the title ‘commissary’ came to replace that of ‘sequestrator’ from about 1350.

^{page 15 note 6} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 11^v, undated [1334?]—appointment of M. Gilbert de Kyrkeby, rector of Ash, sequestrator-general in Surrey archdeaconry. Ibid., i. fol. 78^r, 11 August 1339, appointment of M. Thomas de Meonestok, rector of North Waltham, and, Ibid., i. fol. 117^v, 28 December 1342, of M. Thomas de Enham, as sequestrators in Winchester archdeaconry.

^{page 15 note 6} Though there was not necessarily a distinctive officer for the whole of that period.

^{page 15 note 7} Those, that is, which involved the raising of money from the goods of clerics without lay fee.

^{page 15 note 8} ‘insinuacio, probacio, approbacio, improbacio’.

^{page 15 note 9} Only when there was no archidiaconal prevention and provided that sequestration had not already been imposed by the archdeacon's officers.

^{page 15 note 10} Winchester Reg. Edyndon, i. fols. 12^r–13^v. Cf. Reg. Pontissara, i. 1–2. Study of the Edington composition could have helped the editors of the late-fifteenth-century Spage register of probate within the Surrey archdeaconry: Surrey Wills, ed. Peatling, A. V. and Kingsford, C. L., Surrey Record Society v, London 1921Google Scholar. The six weeks' moratorium (Ibid., ii–iii) was to allow for the annual general enquiries (inquisiciones generales) carried out by the official or commissary-general unless the bishop himself was holding a visitation. The rarely-mentioned activity of the sequestrator (Ibid., v, 55 no. 184), or commissary-general (Ibid., v, 47–8 no. 160) can be explained in terms of the demarcation of jurisdiction detailed in the composition.

^{page 16 note 1} But I have only been able to identify one of the eight, viz., Richard de Haylinge, in Emden's Biog. Oxon. (s.v. Wythors de Haillinge) or Biog. Cantab. (A Biographical Register of the University to Cambridge to 1500, Cambridge 1963Google Scholar).

^{page 16 note 2} Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 24^v, 64^r, 145^v–146^r; Chartulaty of Winchester, 53 no. 110. He is described as ‘William “dictus Gylle” de Alresford’ (Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 24^v), and received acquittance as registrar of the consistory for the period 25 March 1334 to 25 December 1336 (Ibid., i. fols. 100 C^v–100 D^r). By a commission of 2 May 1335 (Ibid., i. fol. 28^r) he was also associated in the general business of correction—there is no specific reservation to the archdeaconry. ‘Ad inquirendum super criminibus et excessibus quorumcumque subditorum nostrorum et aliorum quorum correccio et punicio ad nos de iure seu consuetudine pertinent seu pertinere poterunt quovismodo, huiusmodique crimina et excessus corrigendum in forma iuris et puniendum, et omnia alia faciendum que in premissis necessaria fuerint vel eciam oportuna…’

^{page 16 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 78^r, 11 August 1339.

^{page 16 note 4} Ibid., i. fols. 89^v–90^r, 96^r.

^{page 16 note 5} Ibid., i. fol. 117^v, 28 December 1342.

^{page 16 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 11^v, undated: ‘Ad legitime sequestrandum et sequestrum interponendum ac sequestri custodiam committendum in casu quo de iure vel consuetudine in archidiaconatu Surr’ sequestrum auctoritate nostra fuerit interponendum necnon probaciones seu insinuaciones testamentorum quorumcumque dicti archidiaconatus quorum probaciones seu insinuaciones ad nos de iure vel consuetudine spectare noscuntur et eas approbandum, testamentis rectorum et vicariorum quorum probaciones seu insinuaciones nobis specialiter reservamus dumtaxat exceptis, vobis vices nostras committimus cum cohercionis canonice potestate vos que sequestratorem nostrum in dicto archidiaconatu preficimus per presentes'. Cf. Meonstoke's commission for the other archdeaconry (Ibid., i. fol. 78^r) which is in the same form, though lacking the ultimate coercion clause.

^{page 16 note 7} Ibid., i. fols. 28^v–29^r. Cf. Ibid., i. fol. 37^v where he is described as a clerk of Salisbury diocese and appointed one of the bishop's proctors to make the triennial visit to the Holy See. See also Col. Pat. Rolls, 1343–5, 581) for a notary of this name in connexion with the election at Winchester following Orleton's death.

^{page 16 note 8} Ibid., ii. fols. 70^v, 80^r.

^{page 16 note 9} Ibid., ii. fol. 97^r.

^{page 17 note 1} Richard de Vernon, Orleton's official at Hereford, was likewise appointed vicargeneral during the bishop's absence: Hereford Reg. Orleton, 106.

^{page 17 note 2} See Worcester Administration, s.v. Breynton; Hereford Reg. Trillek, 53–4, 133–5.

^{page 17 note 3} He apparently followed M. William de Alresford in the office. See Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 100 C^v–100 D^r and the next note below.

^{page 17 note 4} ‘… consistorii nostri Wynt’ registrarius ac receptor denariorum nostrorum de quibuscumque proventibus et perquisitis de consistorio, visitacionibus ecclesiarum a iurisdiccione archidiaconali exemptarum et procuracionibus earum, ac generalibus inquisicionibus et earum correccionibus, probacionibus eciam testamentorum admittend' [interlined] et raciociniis eorundem, a quarto Idus Februarii anno domini M^oCCC XXXVI [10 February 1337] usque ad xxviii die mensis Marcii M^o CCC XLV^to…' The marginal rubric is, erroneously, ‘Acquietancia sequestratoris’: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 128^v. For a notarial instrument drawn up by him, see Ibid., fol. 123^r.

^{page 17 note 5} Hereford Reg. Orleton, index s.v. Caerwent.

^{page 17 note 6} Ibid., 389. The benefice of Kinnersley, the collation of which fell to the bishop by lapse.

^{page 17 note 7} Worcester Administration, 116–17, 325.

^{page 17 note 8} He received acquittance as ‘receptor denariorum nostrorum pro expensis hospicii et garderobe nostre’ for the period 29 September 1336 to 1 October 1337: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 100 D^r; and for the years 1 October to 1 October 1338–9: Ibid., i. fol. 85^r; 1340–1: Ibid., i. fol. 110^r; and 1341–2: Ibid., i. fol. 116^v See also Ibid., i. fol. 75^r.

^{page 17 note 9} Collation 2 February 1337: Reg. Orleton, ii. fol. 57^r. In March of the same year he and the master of St. Mary Magdalene's hospital (Winchester) were in dispute with the Winchester chapter because of the collation. This must have been because the chapter had hoped to implement the arrangements of bishops Woodlock and Stratford for Wonston's appropriation (see above, 12 n. 13). Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 51^r; V.C.H. Hants., ii. 197–8; iii. 460–1.

^{page 17 note 10} Collation 23rd May 1337: Reg. Orleton, ii. fol. 59^r. The king had presented another clerk, but the presentation was withdrawn and Caerwent's rights recognised as early as November 1336. Cal Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 327, 330, 333.

^{page 17 note 11} E.g. Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 3^r, 95^v, 104^v.

^{page 17 note 12} Hereford Reg. Trillek, 53–45 55, et a

^{page 18 note 1} Caerwent was promoted to Kinnersley in 1326, so he cannot have been born much after 1300, if canonically instituted.

^{page 18 note 2} Robo illustrates this full length brass (Mediaeval Famham, opp. 263). Cf. Stephenson, Mill, A List of Monumental Brasses in the British Isles, London 1964, 159Google Scholar. In V.C.H. Hants., iv (London 1911). 13Google Scholar, the inscription is said to have been in existence at the beginning of the eighteenth century. But the Patent Rolls suggest that there were two Caerwents. Both a M. Nicholas de Caerwent, rector of Calbourne (described as a king's clerk, Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 330) and a Nicholas de Caerwent, rector of Portland, are listed as members of Orleton's party which received safe conduct for the French mission in July 1336 (Ibid., 306). A Ds. Nicholas de Caerwent, priest, was presented to Portland on 6 January 1335 by the bishop (Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 14^v–15^r). However, M. William de Herwynton was also presented to Portland on 14 July 1336 (Ibid., ii. fol. 54^r), while the date of the collation of Calbourne to Caerwent is given as 23 May 1337 in the register (Ibid., ii. fol. 59^r), and he had held Wonston in the meantime. It must be, then, that the patent rolls' entry arises from a confusion and that the same Nicholas de Caerwent held Portland, Wonston and Calbourne in succession. That the Caerwent who was the bishop's household treasurer moved from Calbourne to Crondall is not in doubt. He received collation of the latter on 3 September 1361 and a successor was appointed to the vacated Calbourne about a month later (Reg. Edyndon, i. fols. 105^r, 107^r). Wykeham's register (i. fol. 121^r; cf. Wykeham's Register, ed. Kirby, T.F., Hants. Record Soc. 1896, i. 117–18Google Scholar) records the collation of Crondall, 12 July 1381, which was vacant ‘per mortem domini Nicholai de Kaerwent ultimi rectoris eiusdem qui septimo die mensis Aprilis eodem anno apud Crondale predict’ diem suum clausit extremum'.

^{page 18 note 3} Reg. Orleton, ii. fol. 46^r; Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 306.

^{page 18 note 4} Reg. Orleton, ii. fols. 48^r–49^r.

^{page 18 note 5} E.g. Ibid., i. fols. 20^r, 55^r, 80^v; ii. fols. 16^v, 22^v, 55^r.

^{page 18 note 6} E.g. Ibid., ii. fols. 74^r, 74^v, 75^v.

^{page 18 note 7} E.g. Ibid., i. fol. 3r; ii. fols. 46^r, 62^r.

^{page 18 note 8} Acquittance was given for the periods Michaelmas-Michaelmas 1336–7: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 100 D^r; 1338–9: Ibid., i. fol. 85^r; 1340–1: Ibid., i. fol. 109^v; and 1341–2:b Ibid., i. fol. 116^v.

^{page 18 note 9} Ibid., i. fol. 29*^v.

^{page 18 note 10} Orleton's party for France in 1336 comprised seventeen names [really sixteen?], at least ten of which were those of clerks: Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 306.

^{page 18 note 11} Reg. Orleton, ii. fol. 46^r.

^{page 18 note 12} Ibid.

^{page 19 note 1} Ibid., ii. fobs. 86^v, 89^v (by exchange).

^{page 19 note 2} Ibid., ii. fol. 86^v.

^{page 19 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 19 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 128^r, 22 November 1344: acquittance for the year Michaelmas 1343–4.

^{page 19 note 5} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 306. He could be the same man as the physician mentioned (1330) as being in the company of Worcester monks while Orleton was bishop there. See R. M. Haines, ‘Wolstan de Bransford, Prior and Bishop of Worcester, c. 1280–1349’. Univ. of Birmingham Historical Journal, viii (1962), 104.

^{page 19 note 6} Cal. Pat. Rolls, 1334–8, 306.

^{page 19 note 7} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 34’, 5 April 1336. This is a licence to be absent from his benefice (Heckfield) for seven years in order to study in accordance with the constitution Cum ex eo. Lowe is described at the time as Iuris civilis professor, and such licence can hardly be in accord with the original intention of this regulation. See L. E. Boyle, ‘The Constitution Cum ex eo of Boniface viii: Education of Parochial Clergy’, Mediaeval Studies, xxiv (1962), 262–302; R. M. Haines, ‘The Education of the English Clergy during the later Middle Ages: some observations on the operation of Boniface VIII's constitution Cum ex eo (1298)’, Canadian Journal of History, iv (1969), 1–22. Three years after the Cum ex eo licence Lowe was dispensed (17 August 1339) to serve bishop Bransford for three years. See Calendar of Register Bransford, index sub nom.

^{page 19 note 8} For Roger de Breynton, the archdeacon of Gloucester, he sought another prebend of Hereford Cathedral, for Caerwent a canonry there, for Usk a canonry of Lincoln Cathedral, for Wolveley one of Salisbury, for Bosco and Nubbeleye canonries of Chichester, for Beautre a canonry of Exeter, for Meon one at St. Mary's Winchester, and for Aylton a Wherwell prebend: Cal. Papal Pets., i. 57–9. In the opinion of the writer in V.C.H. Hants., ii. 123, ‘Throughout the papacy of Clement vi (1342–52) pluralism was specially rampant, and there were few worse cases than those of the holders of prebends in the Hampshire nunneries of Nunnaminster [St. Mary's Winchester], Romsey and Wherwell’. For Orleton it can be said that he was a curially orientated clerk who felt that administrative service should bring appropriate reward.

^{page 20 note 1} John le Neve, Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae, iv: Monastic Cathedrals, compiled Jones, B., London 1963, 50Google Scholar. In 1336, at the direction of Bernard Sistre, the nuncio, the fruits of the archdeaconry were sequestrated for non-payment of money to the papal camera: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 32^r–v.

^{page 20 note 2} Orleton commissioned Bernard Sistre to confer the archdeaconry on any suitable person: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 52^r, 21 September 1335.

^{page 20 note 3} Ibid., i. fob. 4^r, 37^r, 88^r, 121^r.

^{page 20 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 28^r.

^{page 20 note 5} To Peveseye, for enquiry into legitimacy of birth, and as co-commisssary with John de Totteford, advocate of the Winchester consistory, in the matter of a dispute about possession of Milford vicarage: Ibid., i. fols. 52^r, 95^v. Prany read out the bishop's confirmation (organutn sue vocis) at the Southwick election, made enquiry into the case of a criminous clerk, and acted as executor of a bull de legatis et donatis: Ibid., i. fols. 2^v, 28^r, ii. fol. 14^r.

^{page 20 note 6} Ibid., fol. 1^v, and cf. 16^v (mention of Prany's having once been president of the consistory).

^{page 20 note 7} Reg. Edyndon, i. fols. 12^r–13^v.

^{page 20 note 8} There are a large number of cases recorded in the register, e.g. Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 30[ii] ^v (William de Hunstan, kt., Farnham Castle, 13 January 1336); 54^r and cf. 100 A^r (John de Claron, kt., Lambeth parish ch., 5 April 1337); 64^r (Adam de Norton, vicar of Amport, Broughton par. ch., 17 June 1338); 86^v (William de Harewell, rector of Crondall, Farnham Castle, 22 March 1339); 90^r (William de Derham, rector of Crawley, Waltham manor chap., 13 June 1340); 100A^r (John de Meoles, kt., Marwell, 8 September 1337); 103^v (Hugh [Courteney], earl of Devon, London, 27 April 1341); 111^r (John de Berners, Farnham Castle, 11 March 1342); 118^r (Lady Eleanor de Gorges, Waltham, 11 January 1343); 125^r (Thomas West, kt., Farnham Castle, 12 April 1344); 127^v (William Lucas of Farnham, Farnham Castle, 10 August 1344).

^{page 21 note 1} Stratford's constitution Cum apparitorum, which inveighed against the ‘onerosa multitudo’ of apparitors, required a single mounted one. The specific restriction in the composition to one foot apparitor closed a loophole to which Lyndwood was to draw attention. See Lyndwood, W., Provincial etc., Oxford 1679, 225Google Scholar ad ver. duntaxat; Wilkins Concilia, ii. 700, and cf. 678.

^{page 21 note 2} This sum was £20 in the Winchester archdeaconry.

^{page 22 note 1} Sext 3, 20, cc. 2, 3. See Worcester Administration, 155 n.3.

^{page 22 note 2} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 10^r–^v.

^{page 22 note 3} Chartulary of Winchester, 118 no. 260.

^{page 22 note 4} Benedictine abbey. Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 10^v. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 119.

^{page 22 note 5} Benedictine abbey (nuns). Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 10^v. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 123–5.

^{page 22 note 6} Augustinian priory. Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 10^v. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 165–6.

^{page 22 note 7} Augustinian priory. Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 11^r. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 162.

^{page 22 note 8} Augustinian priory. Reg. Orleton, i. 11^r, and cf. fol. 12^r (examination of muniments). Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 173.

^{page 22 note 9} Benedictine abbey (nuns). Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 11^r. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 128. Orleton stayed there at his own expense.

^{page 22 note 10} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 12^r.

^{page 22 note 11} Ibid., i. fol. 10^v.

^{page 22 note 12} Ibid., i. fol. 11^r.

^{page 22 note 13} Ibid. On 19 November he had preached in the church and celebrated Mass there.

^{page 22 note 14} Ibid., i. fol. 11^v, Mottisfont 27 November [1334].

^{page 22 note 15} Ibid., i. fol. 15^r.

^{page 23 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 15^v.

^{page 23 note 2} Ibid., i. fols. 15^v–16^r.

^{page 23 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 31^r.

^{page 23 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 16^v, 6–8 March 4 Ibid., 1335.

^{page 23 note 5} Ibid., 13 March 1335.

^{page 23 note 6} Ibid., i. fol. 28^v, 4 September 1335.

^{page 23 note 7} Ibid., i. fol. 33^r, 21 and 23 February 1336. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 177 (Selborne).

^{page 23 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 50^r, 9 February 1337. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 156.

^{page 23 note 9} Ibid., i. fol. 50^r, 13 February 1337. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., ii. 170–1.

^{page 23 note 10} Ibid., i. fol. 37^v, 7 May 1337.

^{page 23 note 11} Ibid.

^{page 23 note 12} Ibid., i. fol. 54^r–v, Farnham 26 April 1337. According to the editor of the Chartulaty of Winchester (50, no. 106), there was a mandate dated 1 May [1337] with Monday after St. Dunstan [26 May] as the day fixed for visitation. But this must refer to another visitation, possibly in 1340. In that year St. Dunstan fell on a Friday (19 May), which would give 22 May as the visitation date.

^{page 23 note 13} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 54^r–v.

^{page 23 note 14} Ibid., i. fol. 74^r.

^{page 23 note 15} Ibid., i. fol. 80^r.

^{page 23 note 16} Ibid.

^{page 23 note 17} Ibid., i. fol. 56^v, 5 July 1337. 18 Much of the material is omitted from the relevant sections of the Victoria County Histories of Surrey and Hampshire.

^{page 24 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 11^r.

^{page 24 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 97^v.

^{page 24 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 121^v: Extra 5, 39, c. 26.

^{page 24 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 35^v.

^{page 24 note 5} Ibid., i. fol. 82^r.

^{page 24 note 6} Ibid., for a full list of the canons. Cf. Medieval Religious Houses, ed. Knowles, D. and Hadcock, R. N., Cambridge 1953, 153 nGoogle Scholar.

^{page 24 note 7} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 28^v. Hansard had been such a ‘bad prior’, according to V.C.H. Hants, (ii. 113), that bishop Stratford had interdicted his interference with the temporalities and appointed Lawrence de Rustington to act as coadjutor.

^{page 24 note 8} Ibid., i. fob. 108^r–109^r.

^{page 24 note 9} Ibid., i. fol. 56^v. Richard de Butesthorn had been elected prior in March 1337. According to V.C.H. Hants., ii. 156, ‘There was clearly some great irregularity about this prior, for in July, 1337, after a rule of only a few months, the bishop ordered the subprior to administer the affairs of the priory’. But this seems to be mistaken. There was a commission to follow up the bishop's visitation (Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 50^r, 56^v), but the mandate issued to the subprior followed Butesthorn's death (Ibid., i. fol. 58^v, 2 May 1338).

^{page 24 note 10} Ibid., i. fol. 77^r.

^{page 24 note 11} Ibid., i. fol. 120^v, 23 May 1343. This must refer to a visitation held between 1339 and 1343. 1343 would seem the most likely date.

^{page 25 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 16^v.

^{page 25 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 100^v.

^{page 25 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 61^r; Council of Oxford c. 53, F. M. Powicke and C. R. Cheney, Councils and Synods, 123.

^{page 25 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 68^r.

^{page 25 note 5} Ibid., i. fol. 61^r; Council of Oxford c. 50: Omnem etiam… interdicimus, see Councils and Synods, 122.

^{page 25 note 6} Ibid., i. fol. 56^r. An infringement of the canon Si quis suadente diabolo, Decretum C. 17, Qu.4, c. 29: Extra 5, 39, c. 26.

^{page 25 note 7} Ibid., i. fol. 145^v.

^{page 25 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 38^v.

^{page 25 note 9} Ibid., i. fol. 39^v.

^{page 26 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 61^v, 64^v.

^{page 26 note 2} Ibid., i. fols. 30^v, 41^r, and see above.

^{page 26 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 62^v.

^{page 26 note 4} Ibid., i. fols. 59^v, 71^r.

^{page 26 note 5} Ibid., i. fols. 19^v, 57[ii]^v. V.C.H. Surrey, iii (1911), 149.

^{page 26 note 6} Ibid., i. fol. 85^v. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., iii. 530.

^{page 26 note 7} Chartulary of Winchester, 59, 218, nos. 118, 119, 512.

^{page 26 note 8} Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 54^v–55^r. Cf. V.C.H. Hants., iii. 369.

^{page 26 note 9} Ibid., i. fol. 85^v.

^{page 26 note 10} Ibid., i. fol. 122^v; Cal. Papal Lett., iii. 225.

^{page 26 note 11} Ibid., i. fols. 15^r–v, 18^v, 22^r; ii. fols. 46^v–47^r. Chartulary of Winchester, 176, no. 414.

^{page 26 note 12} V.C.H. Hants., ii. 197–8; iii. 460–1, and see above, 17 n. 9.

^{page 26 note 13} Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 41^r, 45^v–46^v.

^{page 26 note 14} Churches effectively appropriated seem to have been Stoneham, Dorking, Herriard, Kingsclere, All Saints [All Hallows the less] London, and Leatherhead. Orleton successfully resisted the appropriation of Wonston. St. Michael's Southampton was not appropriated until 1405 according to V.C.H. Hants., iii. 530. The proposed annexation of Compton to the canons of Durford does not appear to have taken place, nor that of Crondall to Winchester cathedral priory. A papal mandate for the latter (1 April 1334) is in Cal. Papal Letts., iii. 400.

^{page 26 note 15} The ordination of Kingsclere vicarage (1338) is entered in the register (i. fols. 71^v–72^v, and cf. 77^v). At Empshott Orleton attempted to regularise a long-standing situation which had been under review in Stratford's time: Ibid., i. fol. 47^r; V.C.H. Hants., iii. 19. He re-ordained the vicarage of Shorwell (not mentioned V.C.H. Hants., v. 284), appropriated to Carisbrooke Priory: Ibid., i. fol. 57^r–v, 1335. The scribe registered a recension of the Maiden vicarage ordination (1279) and the judicial settlement (1340) of the burdens between the vicars and appropriators—the scholars of Merton, Oxford: Ibid., i. fols. 110^r–111^r. The register also contains bishop Godfrey Lucy's amplification (29 March 1192) of the Hambledon vicarage settlement of his predecessor, Richard of Ilchester (1174–88): Ibid., ii. fol. 31^r.

^{page 27 note 1} Ibid., i. fol. 89^v.

^{page 27 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 96^v.

^{page 27 note 3} Ibid., i. fols. 88^v, 89^v, 90^r–v. The prior of Hamble, Br. Richard de Beaumont (Bello Monte), was also rector of the church, which he had left and farmed to a layman.

^{page 27 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 89^v.

^{page 27 note 5} Ibid., ii. fol. 46^v.

^{page 27 note 6} Ibid., ii. fol. 44^v.

^{page 27 note 7} Ibid., ii. fol. 46^r.

^{page 27 note 8} Ibid., i. fol. 170^v.

^{page 27 note 9} E.g. Reg. Edyndon, ii. fol. 22^v: Monicio generalis ad residendum, 9 April 1350; 23^v: Mandatum ad compellendum presbiteros ecdesiis parochialibus et curis animarum deservire: 10 July 1350. But this was after the Black Death.

^{page 27 note 10} See, for instance, the arrangements at Heckfield (Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 10^v [1334]; St. Michael's in Jewry, Winchester (Ibid., i. fol. 34^r, 1336); Calbourne (Ibid., 1336), Tatsfield (Ibid., i. fol. 51^r–v, 1337); Stratfield Turgis (Ibid., i. fol. 90^v, 1340); Froyle (Ibid., i. fol. 96^r–v, 1340); Blendworth (Ibid., i. fol. 109^v, 1341); Stoke-by-Guildford (Ibid., i. fol. 119^v, 1344)).

^{page 28 note 1} One licence is for study or service.

^{page 28 note 2} According to the table in Hartridge, H. A. R., Vicarages in the Middle Ages, Cambridge 1930, 79Google Scholar (a revision of that in E. L. Cutts, Parish Priests, 385) there were 335 benefices in Worcester diocese and 338 in that of Winchester, and either 34 or 48 (Hartridge's revised figure) vicarages in the former, 53 in the latter. But there must have been many more vicarages by the 1330s and 1340s. See Worcester Administration, 266.

^{page 28 note 3} Tables are in Worcester Administration, 209 n., for the episcopates of Reynolds, Cobham and Bransford.

^{page 28 note 4} There are six licences for the canonical maximum of seven years, three for five years, two for four, ten for three, thirty-one for two, and thirty-three for one year.

^{page 28 note 5} See above, 20 n. 8.

^{page 28 note 6} He received confirmation of the church of Winchester's liberties in 1338: Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 144^v–145^r. Two years later he wrote a strong letter to the king ‘de potestate laicali amovenda’, complaining about the armed occupation of Godshill church: Ibid., i. fol. 88V. He could well have had sympathy with the archbishop's stand against the alleged erosion by the laity of ecclesiastical liberties. There are three points under the heading ‘reformanda in concilio provinciali [of October 1341] ex deliberacione cleri diocesis Wynton’: 1. Royal charters of ecclesiastical liberty should be observed. 2. Since royal alienations had brought an intolerable tax burden, they should be resumed, and persons receiving such in the future without the common consent of the whole parliament should be excommunicated. 3. That the religious and other ecclesiastical persons holding in free alms or whose benefices consisted of spiritualities should not be burdened with royal commissions. See Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 107^v; Birchington, 26–7.

^{page 28 note 7} E.g. in the case of the Twynham election: Reg. Orleton, i. fols. 93^r–95^v, and see above, 11 n. 2; the appointment of his coadjutors: Cal. Papal Letts., iii. 52, and cf. 112; and the unwelcome attempt to appropriate Wonston: see above, 12 n. 13; 17 n. 9

^{page 29 note 1} Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 83^v.

^{page 29 note 2} Ibid., i. fol. 28^v.

^{page 29 note 3} Ibid., i. fol. 2^v.

^{page 29 note 4} Ibid., i. fol. 24^r–v.

^{page 29 note 5} Ibid., i. fol. 99^r, 25 July 134.1. Just before Easter 1342 Orleton informed the cathedral prior that the bishop of Waterford would be coming ‘pro sacri confeccione crismatis et aliis que pontificalem requirunt presenciam’: Ibid., i. fol. 111^r, 26 March 1342.

^{page 29 note 6} Ibid., i. fols. 42^v–43^r, 15 September 1336. He was appointed to celebrate orders on Ember Saturday, 21 September. Later (22 January 1337), he was authorised to dedicate the rebuilt church of Ockley (Hokkeleye), and in 1341 (4 May) to confirm children, to dedicate, consecrate or reconcile churches or altars, to confer the first tonsure, and to hear confessions: Ibid., i. fols. 49^r, 104^v.

^{page 29 note 7} V.C.H. Hants., ii. 31.

^{page 29 note 8} A ship containing some thirty persons, including a cardinal's chaplain, was captured by pirates, even though it had a royal safe conduct and was flying appropriate penants and papal insignia. The passengers had their throats cut, their bodies were thrown overboard, and their goods divided among their captors: Reg. Orleton, i. fol. 60^r–v.

^{page 30 note 1} In addition to the instances given above, Orleton relaxed the penances which had been imposed by his authority on three parishioners of Froyle, because it was Christmastide, the time when Christ ‘secundum apostolum venit in hunc mundum peccatores salvos facere et eis misericordiam exhibere’: Ibid., i. fols. 20^v–29*^r.

^{page 30 note 2} I should like to thank the Canada Council for a research grant towards the preparation of this article, and also the staff of the Hampshire Record Office for friendly assistance over several years.