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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
The clergy who with a good conscience were unable to conform to the requirements of the Act of Uniformity of 1662 have been the subject of much attention—too much, Professor Dugmore may think. But among them is a group not yet examined, consisting of those who were not affected by one major requirement of the Act: they were already episcopally ordained. ‘At least 420 of the ministers’, i.e. not far short of a quarter of the 1,760 known to have been deprived of their livings, ‘were in full episcopal orders before the Civil War’. Richard Baxter figures among them, and it might be expected that the group as a whole would be like Baxter in being only ‘moderate’ Nonconformists, not opposed to episcopacy in principle; but this was not the case. Their number comprised men of many shades of opinion and practice, including some who had gone so far as to renounce their episcopal ordination for ordination of another kind.
1 Calamy Revised, ed. Matthews, A. G., Oxford 1934, lxiGoogle Scholar. This work is the basic source for the first part of this paper. Dates of ordination by Bishop Dove are given in Northampton-shire and Rutland Clergy from 1500, ed. Longden, H. I., Northampton 1938-1943Google Scholar.
2 Baxter's ordination certificate as deacon is extant; that he was also ordained priest seems probable: cf. my Richard Baxter, London 1965, 18Google Scholar.
3 Reliquiae Baxterianae, ed. Sylvester, M., London 1969, I. iiGoogle Scholar. §420, p. 430; much of it repeated (‘the old Strain’ altered to ‘the old Stamp’ and ‘to be’ omitted) in Edmund Calamy's opening entry in Account of the…Ejected, London 1713, i. 1Google Scholar. ‘He was so much for going on to preach, that his Motto in his Funeral Ring was, I am not ashamed of the Gospel of Christ. I yet keep my Ring, and can shew it you’: Baxter, R., Second True Defence of the Meer Nonconformists, London 1681, 53Google Scholar. Cambridge University Library possesses a copy of the works of Albertus Magnus, Lyons 1651, 21 vols., given by Ashe in 1654.
4 Fairfax and the ‘Sabbatarian’ divine, Theophilus Brabourne, married sisters.
5 Acts and Monuments, ed. Pratt, J., 4th edn., London n.d., vii. 374Google Scholar, viii. 598 (Rose Nottingham of Ipswich).
6 Loc. cit. Few of the ejected ministers who had been ordained by Dove were at Trinity or Christ's, the other two colleges named by Matthews.
7 In 1392, 1399 and 1400 the mayor of Northampton was a Lollard.
8 Collinson, P., The Elizabethan Puritan Movement, London 1967, 129, 345.Google Scholar
9 The school also received a bequest from Nathaniel Whiting, who in 1662 was ejected from its mastership as well as the living.
10 The name Latimer was also given to one of his sons by a brother of Burrough's wife, Joshua Crosse, who in 1660 was removed from a fellowship at Magdalen College, Oxford.
11 Ford, Simon, ‘Hovxia. Xpιπτιαοαμ, or A Christian's Acquiescence…a sermon, preached…at the interment of…Lady Elizabeth Langham, London 1665, 126–7Google Scholar. Since the writers of the elegies in the last fifty pages of this piece include the clergy ejected from the Northamptonshire livings of Creaton, Little Houghton and Overstone, together with Burroughs's successor at Cottesbrook, the T.B. among them may be identified with Burroughs. For Sir John Langham, M.P. for London in 1654 and for Southwark in 1660, see Lacey, D. R., Dissent and Parliamentary Politics in England 1661-1689, New Brunswick, N.J., 1969, 417Google Scholar, n. 1; his son Sir James, High Sheriff for Northamptonshire in 1664-5 and 1671-2, supported Baxter's congregation in Oxenden Street, London.
12 Hall, Thomas, TO αλαπ τνς αν ανσ, sive Apologia pro ministerio evangelico, Francofurti 1658Google Scholar, epistle dedicatory.
13 As of ‘Stockingham'; the identification provides an earlier date for his being beneficed at Stokenham than that given by Matthews.
14 They include Nathaniel Ranew, vicar of Felsted 164.8-62, who appears as ‘M. Wrenew’ under ‘West Havingfleld’, i.e. his previous living West Hanningfield; and Abraham Calvey, rector of Rayleigh 1644-62, whose copy of Flavel, John, πυευατολολια, London 1698Google Scholar, later in the possession of Joshua Wilson (Davids, T. W., Annals of Evangelical Nonconformity in…Essex, London 1863, 447, n.°)Google Scholar, is now in the New College, London, collection in Dr Williams's Library.
15 Jenkyn, William, Exodus: or, the decease of holy men and ministers…A sermon preach't…by occasion of the…death of…Lazarus Seaman, London 1675, 39Google Scholar; for Ashe as ‘a praying-Minister’, see further Edmund Calamy's anonymous funeral sermon for him, The Righteous Man's Death Lamented, n.p. 1662, 25. The sentence in this sermon ‘Thus Austin dyed a little before Hippo was taken; and Pareus a little before Hiddelburge was taken; and Luther a little before the Wars in Germany began’ (27) was a topos: Calamy had already used it in his epistle to the reader in Ashe's funeral sermon for Whitaker, Jeremiah, Living Loves between Christ and dying Christians, London 1656Google Scholar; in the following century it reappears in Samuel Rosewell's funeral Sermon, London 1708, 41–2Google Scholar, for John Spademan, and again in D[avid] Edwards's funeral sermon for Whitefield, George, A Minister Dead; Yet Speaking, London 1770, 23Google Scholar.
16 Its 5639 lots included Joh n Eliot's Indian Bible: Joh n Lawler, Book Auctions in England in the Seventeenth Century (1676-1700), London 1906, 3–6Google Scholar. The copy of this piece formerly in the library of the Baptist College, Bristol (Wilson, Walter, History…of the Dissenting Churches…in London, London 1808-1814, iii. 12)Google Scholarhas regrettably been sold.
17 Jenkyn, William, op. cit., 57–8, 50.Google Scholar
18 Seaman, L., The αιατπιβπ proved to be a παπασιατπιβν, 1647, epistle to reader.Google Scholar
19 The controversy Seaman aroused embraced the following remarkable passage: ‘…this relapsed Presbyterian Doctor, whose fall is so notorious, that it made M. John Goodwin kick at him in this Jeer, αασαποσ ο øιλοσ νασλ κεκινλται, John 11. 11. As M. Goodwin uses the first part of our Saviours words to jeere his relapsed friend, so I shall use the latter part in charity, and say, αλλα πøπεναναι, ινα εεüπιοβ αντον αντοθ…I know nothing better to rouze the Doctor, and recover him out of his swouning fit then to sprinkle some of his own holy-water in his face': [Hall, Edmund,] Lazarus's Sores Licked, London 1650, epistle to readerGoogle Scholar.
20 Goodwin was not formally ejected from this post: recedebat, as he had done earlier from his living in Cambridge.
21 Culmer, like Ashe and Weld, is numbered by Calamy among the ejected, despite his death in March 1662.
22 Calendar of State Papers Domestic, 1638-9, 362, as Northern, curate of Haither alias Haydor, co. Lincoln..Google Scholar
23 In the Netherlands Amyraut gained the support of the leading Pietist divine, Gisbertus Voetius: Duker, A. C., Gisbertus Voetius, Leiden 1897-1915, iii. 145, n. 4Google Scholar.
24 Tuke was in fact a member of three different Separatist churches before his ordination by Dove as deacon in 1623 and as priest in 1628: Marchant, R. A., The Puritans and the Church Courts in the Diocese of York 1560-1641, London 1960, 314Google Scholar.
25 See my Visible Saints: the Congregational Way 1640-1660, Oxford 1957, 29–32.Google Scholar
26 Perne's nephew Samuel Ainsworth, rector of Kelmarsh, Northamptonshire, who preached his funeral sermon, also contributed an elegy to Thomas Burroughs's funeral sermon for Sir John Langham's grandson mentioned above.
27 Op. cit., 180-1, 274-6.
28 The Register-Booke of the Fourth Classis in the Province of London 1646-59, ed. Surman, C. E. (Harleian Society, lxxxii-lxxxiii), 145.Google Scholar
29 Morgan, Irvonwy, Prince Charles's Puritan Chaplain, London 1957, 20.Google Scholar
30 Classes including clergy ordained by Dove include those for Bury, Lancashire and for Durham: R. A. Marchant (above n. 24), 225, 302.
31 To the three named above is to be added John Shawe, lecturer at Holy Trinity and master of the Charterhouse, Hull.
32 Burgess, W. H., John Robinson Pastor of the Pilgrim Fathers: a study of his life and times, London 1920Google Scholar, ch. I and app. IV.
33 Nuttall, G. F. and others, The Beginnings of Nonconformity (Hibbert Lectures), London 1964, 18.Google Scholar
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36 White, B. R., Hanserd Knolly and Radical Dissent in the 17th Century, (Friends of Dr Williams's Library Lecture), London 1977.Google Scholar
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38 Doctor Martin, late Dean of Ely, his Opinion, London 1662, 113, 118.Google Scholar
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45 Shephard, Thomas, The Clear Sun-shine, London 1648Google Scholar; Whitfield, Henry, Strength out of Weaknesse, London 1652Google Scholar, reissued as The Banners of Grace and Love Displayed to the farther conversion of the Indians in New-England, London 1657Google Scholar.