Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:39:27.403Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Foundations of Primatial Claims in the Western Church (Eleventh–Thirteenth Centuries)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2008

FABRICE DELIVRÉ
FABRICE DELIVRÉ
Affiliation:
181 rue de Fontenay, 94300 Vincennes, France email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

From the eleventh to the thirteenth century, many archbishops in the western Church turned to the papacy to obtain confirmation of supra-metropolitan prerogatives in harmony with the hierarchical principles of the Gregorian Reform. The study of the proofs produced by these primates makes it possible to identify distinct, contrasting encounters between local ecclesiastical structures and the False Decretals, a canonical collection (c. 836–8/c. 847–52) which was widely disseminated in the central Middle Ages. This process reveals the opposition between two types of territorial primacies, based, on the one hand, on kingdoms searching for unity or, on the other, on the civil provinces of the late Roman Empire.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Ecclesiastical History , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , July 2008 , pp. 383 - 406
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Horst Fuhrmann, ‘Studien zur Geschichte mittelalterlicher Patriarchate’, Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung xxxix (1953), 112–76; xl (1954), 1–84; xli (1955), 95–183.

2 Idem, ‘The Pseudo-Isidorian forgeries’, in Detlev Jasper and Horst Fuhrmann (eds), Papal letters in the early Middle Ages, Washington 2001, 135–95; Klaus Zeckiel-Eckes, ‘Auf Pseudoisidors Spur oder: Versuch, einen dichten Schleier zu lüften’, in Wilfried Hartmann and Gerhard Schmitz (eds), Fortschritt durch Fälschungen? Ursprung, Gestalt und Wirkungen der pseudoisidorischen Fälschungen: Beiträge zum gleichnamigen Symposium an der Universität Tübingen vom 27. und 28. juli 2001, Hanover 2002, 1–28.

3 Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianae et capitula Angilramni, ed. Paul Hinschius, Leipzig 1863, repr. Aalen 1963, 39 (epistola Clementis prima, c. 28–9), 79–80 (epistola Anacleti secunda, c. 26), 82–3 (epistola Anacleti tertia, c. 29, 32), 121 (epistola Anicii, c. 3), 185 (epistola Stephani secunda, c. 9).

4 Schafer Williams, Codices Pseudo-Isidoriani: a palaeographico-historical study, New York 1971; Horst Fuhrmann, Einfluss und Verbreitung der pseudoisidorischen Fälschungen: von ihrem Auftauchen bis in die neuere Zeit, Munich 1972–4.

5 Albert L. F. Rivet, ‘The Notitia galliarum: some questions’, in Roger Goodburn and Philip Bartholomew (eds), Aspects of the Notitia dignitatum: papers presented to the conference in Oxford, Dec. 13 to 15, 1974, Oxford 1976, 119–41; Harries, Jill, ‘Church and State in the Notitia galliarum’, Journal of Roman Studies lxviii (1978), 26–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 The letters of Lanfranc archbishop of Canterbury, ed. and trans. Helen Clover and Margaret Gibson, Oxford 1979, nos 3 (21 Apr. 1073–28 Aug. 1075), 4 (8 Apr.–27 May 1072).

7 Councils and synods with other documents relating to the English Church, I: AD 871–1204, ed. Dorothy Whitelock, Martin Brett and Christopher N. L. Brooke, Oxford 1981, ii, nos 92–3.

8 Canterbury professions, ed. Michael Richter, Torquay 1973, p. lxxix, nos 36–41, 44, 46–7.

9 Richter, Michael, ‘Archbishop Lanfranc and the Canterbury primacy: some suggestions’, Downside Review xc (1972), 110–18 at p. 117CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Canterbury professions, pp. lxv–lxvi, lxviii.

10 Raymonde Foreville, L'Église et la royauté en Angleterre sous le règne de Henri ii Plantagenêt (1154–1189), Paris 1943, 40–1, 44–5.

11 Trinity College, Cambridge, ms B.16.44; Zachary N. Brooke, The English Church and the papacy, 2nd edn, Cambridge 1989, 57–83 at pp. 59–62, 65–72; Williams, Codices Pseudo-Isidoriani, excerpta, no. 1; Fuhrmann, Einfluss, i. 47, 229–30; ii. 419–22; Martin Brett, ‘The Collectio Lanfranci and its competitors’, in Lesley Smith and Benedicta Ward (eds), Intellectual life in the Middle Ages: essays presented to Margaret Gibson, London–Rio Grande 1992, 157–74 at pp. 159–60; Mark Philpott, ‘Lanfranc's canonical collection and the law of the Church’, in Giulio d'Onofrio (ed.), Lanfranco di Pavia e l'Europa del secolo xl, nel ix centenario della morte (1089–1989): atti del convegno internazionale di studi (Pavia, Almo collegio Borromeo, 21–24 settembre 1989), Rome 1993, 131–47; Nicolás Alvaréz de las Asturias, La colección canónica de Lanfranco de Bec, Rome 2004, 51–60.

12 Richter, ‘Archbishop Lanfranc’, 117; Canterbury professions, pp. lxvii–lxviii. For the canons of the Councils of Toledo XI–XV see La colección canónica Hispana, VI: Concilios hispánicos: tercera parte, ed. Gonzalo Martínez Díez and Félix Rodríguez, Madrid 2002.

13 Foreville, L'Église et la royauté, 43–4; Fuhrmann, ‘Studien’, iii. 133, 180; Herbert E. J. Cowdrey, Lanfranc: scholar, monk, and archbishop, Oxford 2003, 91–2, 98; cf. his ‘Lanfranc, the papacy and the see of Canterbury’, in d'Onofrio, Lanfranco di Pavia, 439–500 at p. 469 n. 97.

14 Letters of Lanfranc, no. 47 (autumn 1070–?1081).

15 Trinity College, ms B.16. 44, 7, 23–3, 32, 47; Philpott, ‘Lanfranc's canonical collection’, 139, 142–3.

16 Die Texte des normannischen Anonymus, ed. Karl Pellens, Wiesbaden 1966, 229.

17 Canterbury professions, no. 34 (1072).

18 The historians of the Church of York and its archbishops, ed. James Raine (RS lxxi, 1879–94), ii. 244.

19 Willelmi Malmesbiriensis monachi de gestis pontificum anglorum libri quinque, ed. Nicholas E. S. A. Hamilton (RS lii, 1970), 3.

20 Die Texte des normannischen Anonymus, 229.

21 Hugh The Chanter, The history of the Church of York, 1066–1127, ed. and trans. Charles Johnson, rev. Martin Brett, Christopher N. Brooke and Michael Winterbottom, Oxford 1990, 22–5.

22 Margarete Dueball, Der Suprematstreit zwischen den Erzdiözesen Canterbury und York, 1070–1126: ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der englischen Kirche im Zeitalter des Gregorianismus, Berlin 1929.

23 JL 6831 (Gap, 11 Mar. 1120); Historians of the Church of York, iii. 41–4; Mary Cheney, ‘Some observations on a papal privilege of 1120 for the archbishops of York’, this Journal xxxi (1980), 429–39.

24 Gregorii VII. registrum libri I–IV/V–IX, ed. Erich Caspar, Berlin 1920–3, ii. 447–52; vi. 34–5 (Rome, 20 Apr. 1079); Quellen und Forschungen zum Urkunden- und Kanzleiwesen Papst Gregors VII., I: Quellen: Urkunden, Regesten, Facsimila, ed. Leo Santifaller, Vatican City 1957, no. 171 (Rome, 19 Apr. 1079).

25 Fliche, Augustin, ‘La Primatie des Gaules depuis l'époque carolingienne jusqu'à la fin de la querelle des investitures’, Revue historique clxxiii (1934), 329–42 at pp. 337–8Google Scholar; Jean Gaudemet, ‘Grégoire vii et la France’, in La Riforma gregoriana e l'Europa: congresso internazionale, Salerno, 20–25 maggio 1985, I: Relazioni, Studi Gregoriani xiii (1989), 213–40 at pp. 219–20; Fuhrmann, ‘Studien’, ii. 63, 78–9; iii. 131–2; C. Cowdrey, Pope Gregory vii, 1073–1085, Oxford 1998, 389–90.

26 Jean-Claude Tillier, ‘Les Conciles provinciaux de la province ecclésiastique de Bordeaux au temps de la Réforme grégorienne (1073–1100)’, Bulletin philologique et historique (jusqu'en 1610) du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques: année 1968: actes du 93e congrès national des sociétés savantes tenu à Tours, Paris 1971, ii. 561–81 at pp. 563–73; Cartulaire manceau de Marmoutier, ed. Ernest Laurain, Laval 1911–45, ii, no. 5 (1076); François Villard, ‘Primatie des Gaules et Réforme grégorienne’, Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes cxlix (1991), 421–34 at pp. 422–3; Cowdrey, Pope Gregory vii, 390–4.

27 Fuhrmann, ‘Studien’, ii. 62.

28 Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, ed. Martin Bouquet, Michel Brial and Léopold Delisle, Paris 1738–1904, xiv. 668, no. 2 (1079).

29 Die Texte des normannischen Anonymus, 14.

30 Canterbury professions, pp. lxviii–lxix n. 1.

31 Jean-Baptiste Martin, Conciles et bullaire du diocèse de Lyon, des origines à la réunion de Lyon à la France en 1312, Lyon 1905, no. 376 (Clermont, 1 Dec. 1095).

32 Radulphi Diceto decani Lundoniensis opera historica, ed. William Stubbs (RS lxviii, 1876), i. 5–6 at p. 6.

33 Yves de Chartres: correspondance, ed. Jean Leclercq, Paris 1949, i, no. 60 (1097).

34 Ibid i, no. 64 (1097).

35 Collectio tripartita 1, 2, 15; Decretum 5, 53; Panormia 4, 23; Sancti Ivonis carnotensis episcopi opera omnia, PL clxi.344A, 1187B.; Fuhrmann, Einfluss, iii. 928–9, no. 315. On the dating of Ivonian collections see Martin Brett, ‘Urban ii and the collections attributed to Ivo of Chartres’, in Stanley Chodorow (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, San Diego, University of California at La Jolla, 21–27 Aug. 1988, Vatican City 1992, 27–46.

36 Martin, Conciles et bullaire, no. 420 (Rome, 25 Apr. 1099).

37 Ivonis episcopi carnotensis epistolae ad litem investiturarum spectantes: libelli de lite imperatorum et pontificum saeculis XI. et XII. conscripti, ed. Ernest Sackur, Hanover 1891–7, ii. 654–7 (c. 1111–12).

38 Ibid ii. 649–54 (c. 1111–12).

39 Geoffroy de Vendôme, Œuvres, ed. and trans. Geneviève Giordanengo, Paris 1996, no. 135 (1111–12).

40 Privilegios reales de la catedral de Toledo (1086–1462): formación del patrimonio de la S.J.C.P. a través de la donaciones reales, ed. José Antonio García Luján, Toledo 1982, ii, no. 1 (Toledo, 18 Dec. 1086).

41 La documentación pontificia hasta Inocencio iii (965–1216), ed. Demetrio Mansilla, Rome 1955, no. 27 (Anagni, 15 Oct. 1088).

42 Le Liber pontificalis: texte, introduction et commentaire, ed. Louis Duchesne and Cyrille Vogel, 3rd edn, Paris 1981, ii. 293; Robert Somerville (with the collaboration of Stephan Kuttner), Pope Urban ii, the Collectio britannica, and the Council of Melfi (1089), Oxford 1996, 72–4, no. 17.

43 Linda Fowler-Magerl, ‘Vier französische und spanische vorgratianische Kanonessammlungen’, in Aspekte europäischer Rechtsgeschichte: Festgabe für Helmut Coing zum 70. Geburtstag, Frankfurt 1982, 123–46 at pp. 124–37, 141; Alfons Becker, ‘Rechtsprinzipien und Verfahrensregeln im päpstlichen Gerichtswesen zur Zeit Urbans ii.’, in Winfried Dotzauer, Wolfgang Kleiber, Michael Matheus and Karl-Heinz Spiess (eds), Landesgeschichte und Rechtsgeschichte: Festschrift für Alois Gerlich zum 70. Geburtstag, Stuttgart 1995, 51–66 at p. 55.

44 Peter Feige, ‘La primacía de Toledo y la libertad de las demás metrópolis de España: el ejemplo de Braga’, in La introducción del Císter en España y Portugal, Burgos 1991, 62–132 at p. 69.

45 La documentación pontificia, nos 25 (Anagni, 10 Oct. 1088, recte 15 Oct. 1088), 27 (Anagni, 15 Oct. 1088).

46 Rivera Reció, Juan Francisco, ‘La primacía eclesiástica de Toledo en el siglo xii’, Anthologica Annua x (1962), 11–87Google Scholar at pp. 14–15.

47 Fuhrmann, ‘Studien’, iii. 133–4, 180.

48 Historia compostellana, ed. Emma Falque Rey, Turnhout 1988, ii. 66.

49 Polycarpus 2, 24, 1; Uwe Horst, Die Kanonessammlung Polycarpus des Gregor von S. Grisogono: Quellen und Tendenzen, Munich 1980, 122; Augustin Theiner, Disquisitiones criticae in praecipuas canonum seu decretalium collectiones, Rome 1836, 342–5 at p. 343.

50 Häring, Nicholas M., ‘Die spanischen Teilnehmer am Konzil von Reims im März 1148’, Mediaeval Studies xxxii (1970), 159–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Peter Linehan, ‘The Toledo forgeries c. 1150–c. 1300’, in Fälschungen im Mittelalter: internationaler Kongress der Monumenta Germaniae Historica, München, 16.–19. September 1986, Munich 1988–90, i. 643–74 (repr. in his Past and present in medieval Spain, Aldershot 1992, no. iv) at pp. 652–3, and History and the historians of medieval Spain, Oxford 1993, 274–6, 370.

51 Feige, ‘La primacía de Toledo’, 92–128; Rivera Reció, ‘La primacía’, 53–87; Linehan, History and the historians, 273.

52 Corpus iuris canonici: pars prior: Decretum magistri Gratiani, ed. Emil Friedberg, Leipzig 1879, repr. Graz 1959, 279–80 (D. 80, c. 1–2), 349–50 (D. 99, c. 1–2).

53 Peter Feige, ‘Die Anfänge des portugiesischen Königstums und seiner Landeskirche’, in Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Kulturgeschichte Spaniens, Münster 1978, 85–436 at pp. 395–429.

54 Foreville, L'Église et la royauté, 292.

55 Domini Rofredi Beneventani caesaraei pontificiique iuris professoris clarissimi tractatus in quo ordinis iudiciarii positiones libellique pertractantur: opus praeterea libellorum in ius pontificium atque xliiii Sabbatinae Quaestiones nunc recens additae, Lyon 1561, 534–6; Erdö, Péter, ‘Cause su diritti primaziali nella pratica di Roffredo da Benevento’, Studi Medievali xxvi (1985), 881–7Google Scholar.

56 S. Gregorii Magni registrum epistularum libri i–vii/viii–xiv, ed. Dag Norberg, Turnhout 1982, ii, xi.39; Venerabilis Bedae Historia ecclesiastica gentis anglorum, ed. Charles Plummer, Oxford 1896, i. 63–4; Letters of Lanfranc, 42, 54.

57 Letters of Lanfranc, 50. On the part of St Augustine in Lanfranc's primatial claims see Martin Brett, ‘Gundulf and the cathedral communities of Canterbury and Rochester’, in Richard Eales and Richard Sharpe (eds), Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: churches, saints and scholars, 1066–1109, London–Rio Grande 1995, 15–25 at pp. 20–5.

58 Die Texte des normannischen Anonymus, 229.

59 Historians of the Church of York, ii. 313–16.

60 Ibid ii. 231–3; Gervasii Cantuariensis opera, ed. William Stubbs (RS lxxiii, 1879–80), ii. 330–1.

61 Letters of Lanfranc, 52.

62 Heinrich Böhmer, Die Fälschungen Erzbischof Lanfranks von Canterbury, Leipzig 1902.

63 Margaret Gibson, Lanfranc of Bec, Oxford 1978, 231–7; Susan E. Kelly, ‘Some forgeries in the archive of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury’, in Fälschungen im Mittelalter, iv. 347–69.

64 Southern, Richard W., ‘The Canterbury forgeries’, EHR lxxiii (1958), 193–226CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

65 Cowdrey, ‘Lanfranc, the papacy and the see of Canterbury’, 466–7, and Lanfranc, 95–8.

66 Denis Bethell, ‘William of Corbeil and the Canterbury-York dispute’, this Journal xix (1968), 145–59.

67 Francisco J. Hernández, Los cartularios de Toledo: catálogo documental, 2nd edn, Madrid 1996, no. 528; Rivera Reció, ‘La primacía’, 15–21; Linehan, Peter, ‘The synod of Segovia (1166)’, Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law x (1980), 31–44Google Scholar at p. 41, no. 12.

68 Rivera Reció, ‘La primacía’, 21.

69 Peter Feige, ‘Zum Primat der Erzbischöfe von Toledo über Spanien: das Argument seines westgotischen Ursprungs im Toledaner Primatsbuch von 1253’, in Fälschungen im Mittelalter, i. 675–714 at p. 677; Linehan, ‘The Toledo forgeries’, 669 n. 90, and History and the historians, 283–4 n. 62.

70 Antonio García y García, ‘El Concilio IV Lateranense (1215) y la Península Ibérica’, Revista Española de Teología xliv (1984), 355–76 at p. 374; Linehan, ‘The Toledo forgeries’, 653–4, and History and the historians, 278, 329.

71 Linehan, ‘The Toledo forgeries’, 652–3, and History and the historians, 274–8.

72 Feige, ‘Die Anfänge’, 359–69; Linehan, History and the historians, 333–8.

73 La Documentación pontificia de Honorio III (1216–1227), ed. Demetrio Mansilla, Rome 1965, no. 140 (Lateran, 25 Jan. 1218).

74 Lucae Tudensis Chronicon mundi, ed. Emma Falque, Turnhout 2003, iii. 9; Roderici Ximenii de Rada Historia de rebus Hispanie sive Historia gothica, ed. Juan Fernández Valverde, Turnhout 1987, ii. 21; Linehan, ‘Toledo forgeries’, 649–50, and History and the historians, 350–1, 355–8, 368–84.

75 Linehan, History and the historians, 331–2, 359–67.

76 Feige, ‘Zum Primat’, 677–91; Linehan, History and the historians, 331.

77 John A. Watt, The Church and the two nations in medieval Ireland, Cambridge 1970, 108–16, and ‘The disputed primacy of the medieval Irish Church’, in Peter Linehan (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Medieval Canon Law, Cambridge, 23–27 Jul. 1984, Vatican City 1988, 373–83.

78 Geoffrey Keating, The history of Ireland, ed. David Comyn and Patrick S. Dinneen, London 1902–14, iii. 306.

79 Philpott, Mark, ‘Some interactions between the English and Irish Churches’, Anglo-Norman Studies xx (1998), 187–204Google Scholar at p. 201.

80 Gilberti Lunicensis Liber de statu ecclesiae, PL clix.998C; John Fleming, Gille of Limerick (c. 1070–1145): architect of a medieval Church, Cornwall 2001, 150.

81 Keating, History, iii. 314.

82 Lawlor, Hugh J., ‘A fresh authority for the Synod of Kells, 1152’, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy xxxvi (1922), 16–22Google Scholar at p. 18; Gwynn, Aubrey, ‘The Synod of Kells, 1152’, Irish Ecclesiastical Record lxxvii (1952), 161–76Google Scholar. 250–64; Monique Peyrafort-Huin, La Bibliothe ue médiévale dè l'abbaye de Pontigny (xii–xix siècles): histoire, inventaires anciens, manuscrits, Paris 2001, 541–2, no. 94.

83 Vita sancti Malachiae, ed. Jean Leclercq and Henri Rochais, Rome 1963, 295–378 at pp. 328–9, 340.

84 Giraldi Cambrensis opera, ed. John S. Brewer, James F. Dimock and George F. Warner (RS xxi, 1861–91), v. 161.

85 Patrick J. Dunning, ‘Irish representatives and Irish ecclesiastical affairs at the Fourth Lateran Council’, in John A. Watt, John B. Morrall and Francis X. Martin (eds), Medieval Studies presented to Aubrey Gwynn, Dublin 1961, 90–113 at pp. 99–100; Pontificia hibernica: medieval papal chancery documents concerning Ireland, 640–1261, ed. Maurice P. Sheehy, Dublin 1962–5, i, no. 100 (Perugia, 11 Aug. 1216); ii, no. 220 (Perugia, 8 Apr. 1235).

86 Pontificia hibernica, ii, no. 255 (Lateran, 13 Feb. 1244).

87 Ibid ii, no. 412 (Anagni, 14 Oct. 1255).

88 AD Cher, G 1, 599–601 (Rieti, 18 Mar. 1232) at p. 600.

89 Martin, Conciles et bullaire, no. 376 (Clermont, 1 Dec. 1095).

90 Yves de Chartres: correspondance, i, no. 50 (1096).

91 Chronica minora saec. IV. V. VI. VII, ed. Theodor Mommsen, Berlin 1892, i. 552–612, repr. in Itineraria et alia geographica, Turnhout 1965, 379–406; Notitia dignitatum: accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et laterculi provinciarum, ed. Otto Seeck, Berlin 1876, 261–74.

92 There are examples in Colette Jeudy and Yves-François Riou, Les Manuscrits classiques latins des bibliothèques publiques de France, I: Agen-Évreux, Paris 1989.

93 Die Texte des normannischen Anonymus, 13; Fuhrmann, ‘Studien’, iii. 118.

94 Ivonis episcopi carnotensis epistolae, ii. 654–7 (c. 1111–12).

95 Faustin Poey d'Avant, Les Monnaies féodales de France, Paris 1858–62, repr. with introduction and revisions by Georges Depeyrot, Paris 1995, iii, nos 5028–30.

96 Hugonis Lugdunensis archiepiscopi epistolae et privilegia, PL clvii.520D; Yves de Chartres: correspondance, nos 62 (1096), 68 (1097–8); Ivonis episcopi carnotensis epistolae, ii. 649, 654 (c. 1111–12).

97 JL 5688 (Lateran, 6 Nov. 1097), 5808 (Rome, 1099), 6157 (Privas, 13 July 1107).

98 Georges Pariset, ‘L’Établissement de la primatie de Bourges', Annales du Midi xiv (1902), 145–84, 289–328 at pp. 166–71, 303–8.

99 René Gandilhon, Inventaire des sceaux du Berry antérieurs à 1515 précédé d'une étude de sigillographie et de diplomatique, Bourges 1933, no. 496 (1073–1120), plate xxx; Co Van de Kieft, Étude sur le chartrier et la seigneurie du prieuré de la Chapelle-Aude (xie–xiiie siècle), Amsterdam 1960, 30–6.

100 Alfred Gandilhon, Catalogue des actes des archevêques de Bourges antérieurs à l'an 1200, Bourges–Paris 1927, p. clix.

101 Ulysse Robert, Bullaire du pape Calixte II (1119–1124): essai de restitution, Paris 1891, i, nos 25 (Maguelonne, 28 June 1119), 145 (Valence, 25 Feb. 1120).

102 Epistolae viennenses spuriae, in Epistolae merowingici et karolini aevi (I), ed. Wilhelm Gundlach, Berlin 1892, 84–109; Beate Schilling, Guido von Vienne – Papst Calixt ii., Hanover 1998, 245–353, 630–43.

103 Pariset, ‘L’Établissement', 181–2.

104 Epistolae viennenses, 103–5 (6 Mar. 1077) at p. 104; Quellen und Forschungen, no. 134.

105 Fuhrmann, ‘Studien’, iii. 101–3.

106 Poey d'Avant, Les Monnaies, iii, nos 4825–8.

107 The Historia pontificalis of John of Salisbury, ed. and trans. Marjorie Chibnall, Oxford 1986, 4–6.

108 Ottonis episcopi frisingensis chronica sive historia de duabus civitatibus, trans. Adolf Schmidt, ed. Adolf Hofmeister and Walther Lammers, Berlin 1960, 476.

109 Chronicon Hugonis monachi virdunensis et divionensis, abbatis flaviniacensis, Chronica et gesta aevi salici, ed. Georg H. Pertz, Hanover 1848, 280–503 at pp. 291–2.

110 The chronicle of Robert of Torigni, abbot of the monastery of St Michael-in-peril-of-the-sea, in Chronicles of the reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I, ed. Richard Howlett (RS lxxxii, 1884–9), iv. 302.

111 Radulphi Diceto decani lundoniensis opera historica, i. 5–6.

112 Nicolai i. papae epistolae, in Epistolae Karolini aevi (IV), ed. Ernst Perels, Berlin 1912, no. 177; Georges Pariset, De primordiis bituricensis primatiae, Nancy 1896, 77–105; Fedor Schneider, ‘Ein interpolierter Brief Papst Nikolaus's i. und der Primat von Bourges’, Neues Archiv der Gesellschaft für ältere deutsche Geschichtskunde xxxii (1907), 476–92; Fabrice Delivré, ‘Aux Fondements de la jurisdiction du primat-patriarche de Bourges dans la province ecclésiastique de Narbonne: genèse, transmission et usages d'une lettre interpolée du Pape Nicolas i (xie-xve siècle), Cahiers de Fanjeaux xlii (2007), 401–47.

113 Collectio tripartita 1, 62, 74; Decretum 5, 56; Panormia 4, 29; Sancti Ivonis carnotensis episcopi opera omnia, PL clxi.346A., 1190A; Yves de Chartres: correspondance, nos 60 (1097), 64 (1097); Sancti Ivonis carnotensis episcopi opera omnia, PL clxii.104A. (no. 83) (c. 1096–1103); Ivonis episcopi carnotensis epistolae, ii. 649–54 (c. 1111–12).

114 Yves de Chartres: correspondance, i, no. 60 (1097); Ivonis episcopi carnotensis epistolae, ii. 649–54 (c. 1111–12) at p. 649.

115 Recueil des actes de Louis VI roi de France (1108–1137), ed. Jean Dufour, Paris 1992–4, ii, no. 320 (before 3 Aug. 1132).

116 Corpus iuris canonici: pars prior: Decretum magistri Gratiani, 608–9 (C. 9. q. 3. c. 8).

117 Stephan von Dornick (Étienne de Tournai, Stephanus Tornacensis), Die Summa über das Decretum Gratiani, ed. Johann-Friedrich von Schulte, Giessen 1891, 208.

118 Gandilhon, Inventaire, no. 498 (1163), plate xxx.

119 Péter Erdö, ‘Patriarchae maiores et minores: zur Frage des Ursprungs einer Unterscheidung in der mittelalterlichen kanonistischen Terminologie’, Archiv für katholisches Kirchenrecht clxii (1993), 135–45.

120 Stephan von Dornick, Die Summa, 119.

121 Péter Erdö, L'ufficio del primate nella canonistica da Graziano ad Uguccione da Pisa, Rome 1986.

122 Wilhelm Durantis (Guillaume Durand), Speculum iudiciale illustratum et repurgatum a Giovanni Andrea et Baldo degli Ubaldi, Basle 1574, repr. Aalen 1975, i. 85.

123 Raimondo Turtas, ‘L'arcivescovo di Pisa legato pontificio e primate in Sardegna nei secoli xi–xiii’, in Maria Luisa Ceccarelli Lemut and Stefano Sodi (eds), Nel ix centenario della metropoli ecclesiastica di Pisa: atti del convegno di studi (7–8 maggio 1992), Pisa 1995, 183–233; Helene Tillmann, Die päpstlichen Legaten in England bis zur Beendigung der Legation Gualas (1218), Bonn 1926, 30–6; Robert C. Figueíra, ‘The classification of medieval papal legates in the Liber extra’, Archivum Historiae Pontificiae xxi (1983), 211–28 at pp. 216, 218–19, 223–4.

124 May, Georg, ‘Der Erzbishof von Mainz als Primas’, Archiv für katholisches Kirchenrecht clxiv (1995), 76–122Google Scholar, repr. in Peter Claus Hartmann (ed.), Der Mainzer Kurfürst als Reichserzkanzler: Funktionen, Aktivitäten, Ansprüche und Bedeutung dez zweiten Mannes im alten Reich, Stuttgart 1997, 35–76.

125 Fuhrmann, ‘Studien’, ii. 61.