Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T00:11:29.483Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The “Legacy Problem” and Democratic Consolidation in South Korea and the Philippines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2016

Nae Young Lee
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

New democracies face the arduous task of determining how to deal with gross human rights violations committed during their authoritarian pasts, or the “torturer problem,” to quote Samuel P. Huntington (1991). A new democracy can enhance its legitimacy if it brings human rights violators to justice, thus demonstrating the supremacy of democratic values, including the rule of law. By ensuring that no wrongdoer will go unpunished, the democratic regime prevents the danger of a future military coup d'état and future human rights abuses. Equally critical, it strengthens the power base of democratic forces by delegitimizing or even occasioning a purge of key authoritarian leaders, who often wield influence within the institutions of power, including the military, even after democratic transition. Punishing past wrongdoings constitutes an act of preempting a democratic reversal. In this sense, the question of the past becomes a struggle over power with today's authoritarian forces and for the future of third-wave democracy.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of East Asian Studies , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , April 2003 , pp. 43 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © East Asia Institute 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amnesty International. 1992. Philippines: The Killing Goes On. London: Amnesty International.Google Scholar
Amnesty International. 1997. “Kingdom of Thailand: Human Rights in Transition.” A report by Amnesty International. May 20, 1997.Google Scholar
Barahona de Brito, Alexandra. 1997. Human Rights and Democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Benomar, Jamal. 1993. “Justice After Transitions.” Journal of Democracy 4(1).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budiman, Arief, ed. 1999. Reformasi: Crisis and Change in Indonesia. Clayton, Australia: Monash Asia Institute.Google Scholar
Carroll, John J. 1999. “The Philippines Forgiving or Forgetting?” Public Policy 3(2): 83–92.Google Scholar
Chen, Chun-Hung. 2001. “Human Rights in the Process of Transition and Consolidation of Democracy in Taiwan.” Paper presented at the International Conference of May 18, Institute of Chonnam National University, Kwangju, South Korea, May 15–17.Google Scholar
Cho, Jung-Kwan. 2000. From Authoritarianism to Consolidated Democracy in South Korea. Ph.D. diss., Yale University.Google Scholar
Cho, Jung-Kwan. 2001. “Taming the Military to Consolidate Democracy: The South Korean Experience.” Pacific Focus 16(1): 117–148.Google Scholar
Chong, Hae Ku, ed. 1990. Kwangju minju hangjaeng yon'gu (A study on the Kwangju popular uprising). Seoul: Sagyejol.Google Scholar
Clark, Donald. 1988. The Kwangju Uprising. Boulder: Westview.Google Scholar
Clarke, Gerald. 1998. “Human Rights Non-Governmental Organizations in the Philippines: A Case Study of Task Force Detainees of the Philippines.” In Sidney Silliman, G. and Noble, Lela Garner, eds., Organizing for Democracy: NGOs, Civil Society, and the Philippine State. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry. 1994. “Rethinking Civil Society: Toward Democratic Consolidation.” Journal of Democracy 5(3).Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry, and Shin, Doh Chul, eds. 2000. Institutional Reform and Democratic Consolidation in Korea. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press.Google Scholar
Garreton, Manuel Antonio. 1996. “Human Rights in Democratization Processes.” In Jelin, Elizabeth and Hershberg, Eric, eds., Constructing Democracy: Human Rights, Citizenship, and Society in Latin America. Boulder: Westview.Google Scholar
Hayner, Priscilla B. 2001. Unspeakable Truths: Confronting State Terror and Atrocity. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2001. Human Rights Watch World Report 2001.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Ignacio, Johannes. 1994. “The Philippines Commission on Human Rights Revisted.” Human Rights Forum 4(1).Google Scholar
Kim, Byung-Kook. 2000a. “The Politics of Crisis and a Crisis of Politics: The Presidency of Kim Dae-Jung.” In Oh, Kongdan, ed., Korea Briefing, 1997–1999: Challenges and Change at the Turn of the Century. New York: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Kim, Byung-Kook. 2000b. “Party Politics in South Korea's Democracy: The Crisis of Success.” In Diamond, Larry and Kim, Byung-Kook, eds. Consolidating Democracy in South Korea. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
Kim, Sunhyuk. 2000. The Politics of Democratization in Korea: The Role of Civil Society. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Google Scholar
Lande, Carl H. 2001. “The Return of People Power in the Philippines.” Journal of Democracy 12(2).Google Scholar
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. 1990. Out of Control: Militia Abuse in the Philippines. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights.Google Scholar
Miranda, Felipe B. 1992. The Politicization of the Military: State of the Nation Reports. Quezon City: University of Philippines Press.Google Scholar
Miranda, Felipe B. ed. 1997. Democratization: Philippine Perspectives. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.Google Scholar
Montinola, Gabriella R. 1999. “Parties and Accountability in the Philippines.” Journal of Democracy 10(1).Google Scholar
Moon, Chung-In, and Mo, Jongryn, eds. 1999. Democratization and Globalization in Korea: Assessments and Prospects. Seoul: Yonsei University Press.Google Scholar
Philippines Alliance of Human Rights Advocates (PAHRA). 1996. Human Rights Report on the Third Year of the Ramos Government. Manila: Philippines Alliance of Human Rights Advocates.Google Scholar
Philippines Alliance of Human Rights Advocates (PAHRA). 2001. Human Rights Report 2000: Prelude to Estrada's Curtain Call. Manila: Philippines Alliance of Human Rights Advocates.Google Scholar
Philippine Human Rights Information Center (PHILRIGHTS). 1994. “Philippines 2000” and Human Rights. Manila: Philippine Human Rights Information Center.Google Scholar
Ramirez, Maria Glenda. 2001. “The Marcos Human Rights Litigation Revisited.” Human Rights Forum 10(2).Google Scholar
Rotberg, Robert I., and Thompson, Dennis, eds. 2000. Truth v. Justice. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Salonga, Jovito R. 2000. Presidential Plunder: The Quest for the Marcos Ill-Gotten Wealth. Quezon City: University of Philippines Press.Google Scholar
Shin, Doh C. 1999. Mass Politics and Culture in Democratizing Korea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Suh, Jin-Young, and Kim, Byung-Kook. 1999. “The Politics of Reform in Korea: Dilemma, Choice, and Crisis.” In Suh, Jin-Young and Soh, Changrok, eds., The World After the Cold War: Issues and Dilemmas. Seoul: Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University.Google Scholar
Tuazon, Bobby, ed. 1993. Torment and Struggle After Marcos: A Report on Human Rights Trends in the Philippines Under Aquino, March 1986–June 1992. Quezon City: Task Force Detainees of the Philippines.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of State. 2001. “Republic of Korea Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 2000.” Bureau of Democracy, U.S. Department of State.Google Scholar
Weekly, Kathleen. 2001. The Communist Party of the Philippines, 1968–1993: A Story of Its Theory and Practice. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, Richard A. 2001. The Politics of Truth and Reconciliation in South Africa: Legitimizing the Post-Apartheid State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar