Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-mwx4w Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-05T00:51:23.744Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analyzing Collective Violence in Indonesia: An Overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2016

Ashutosh Varshney
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In 2001, using violent junctures in the life of a seventy-year-old Indonesian as a metaphor for the whole nation, Benedict Anderson summarized the history of violence in Indonesia in a poignant manner:

A seventy year old Indonesian woman or man today will have observed and/or directly experienced the following: as a primary school age child, the police-state authoritarianism of … Dutch colonial rule …; as a young teenager, the wartime Japanese military regime, which regularly practiced torture in private and executions in public …; on the eve of adulthood, four years (1945–49) of popular struggle for national liberation … at the cost of hundreds of thousands of lives; as a young mother or father … the cataclysm of 1965–66, when at least 600,000 and perhaps as many as two million people … were slaughtered by the military; in the middle age, the New Order police-state, and its bloody attempt to annex East Timor, which cost over 200,000 East Timorese lives …; in old age, the spread of armed resistance in … Aceh and West Papua, the savage riots of May 1998 … and … the outbreak of ruthless internecine confessional warfare in the long peaceful Moluccas. (Anderson 2001, 9–10)

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of East Asian Studies , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , December 2008 , pp. 341 - 359
Copyright
Copyright © East Asia Institute 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, Benedict 1983. Imagined Communities. London: Verso Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 2001. “Introduction.” In Violence in Post-Suharto Indonesia , ed. Anderson, Benedict. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bertrand, Jacques. 2004. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brady, Henry, and Collier, David, eds. 2004. Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Collier, Paul, and Hoeffler, Anke. 2004. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Oxford Economic Papers 56: 563–595.Google Scholar
Colombijn, Freek. 2002. “Maling, Maling! Lynching in Indonesia.” In Roots of Violence in Indonesia: Contemporary Violence in Historical Perspective , ed. Colombijn, Freek and Thomas Lindblad, J., 299–329. Leiden: KITLV Press.Google Scholar
Coppel, Charles A. 2004. “Historical Impediments to the Acceptance of Ethnic Chinese in a Multicultural Indonesia.” In Chinese Indonesians: State Policies, Monoculture, and Multiculture , ed. Suryadinata, Leo, 17–28. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press by Marshall Cavendish.Google Scholar
Cribb, Robert. 2001. “Genocide in Indonesia, 1965–66.” Journal of Genocidal Research 3, 2: 219–231.Google Scholar
Davidson, Jamie. 2008. From Rebellion to Riots: Collective Violence on Indonesian Borneo. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Fearon, James, and Laitin, David. 1996. “Explaining Interethnic Cooperation.” American Political Science Review (December).Google Scholar
Fearon, James, and Laitin, David. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97, 1: 75–90.Google Scholar
Gerring, John. 2006. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gerring, John. 2007. “Case Study: What Is It? What Is It Good For?” In Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics , ed. Boix, C. and Stokes, S.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Green, Donald P., McFalls, Laurence H., and Smith, Jennifer K.. 2001. “Hate Crime.” Annual Review of Sociology 27: 479–504.Google Scholar
Gurr, Ted Robert. 1993. Minorities at Risk. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace Press.Google Scholar
Hattam, Victoria, 2007. In the Shadow of Race: Jews, Latinos, and Immigrant Politics in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hefner, Robert. 2008. “Recent Violence in Indonesia.” Journal of Asian Studies 67: 667–674.Google Scholar
Heidhues, Mary Somers. 2003. Golddiggers, Farmers, and Traders in the Chinese Districts of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program.Google Scholar
Hopf, Ted. 2006. “Ethnography Meets Rational Choice.” Qualitative Methods 4, 1.Google Scholar
Horowitz, Donald L. 1983. “Racial Violence in the United States.” In Ethnic Pluralism and Public Policy , ed. Glazer, Nathan and Young, Ken. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Horowitz, Donald L. 2001. The Deadly Ethnic Riot. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, Marilyn K. 2007. “Lynching.” In Encyclopedia of American Race Riots , ed. Rucker, Walter and Upton, James Nathanial, 389–399. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
King, Gary, Keohane, Robert, and Verba, Sidney. 1994. Designing Social Inquiry. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kuhonta, Erik, Slater, Dan, and Vu, Tuong, eds. 2008. Southeast Asia and Political Science: Theory, Region and Qualitative Analysis. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Laitin, David D. 2006. “Ethnography and/or Rational Choice.” Qualitative Methods 4, 1: 26–33.Google Scholar
MacKie, J.A.C. 1976. “Anti-Chinese Outbreaks in Indonesia: 1959–68.” In The Chinese Indonesians: Five Essays , ed. MacKie, J.A.C., 77–137. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Sen, Amartya. 1983. Poverty and Famines. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Shiraishi, Takashi. 1997. “Anti-Sinicism in Java's New Order.” In Essential Outsiders: Chinese and Jews in the Modern Transformation of Southeast Asia and Central Europe. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Sidel, John T. 2006. Riots, Pogroms, Jihad: Religious Violence in Indonesia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
van Klinken, Gerry. 2007. Communal Violence and Democratization in Indonesia: Small Town Wars. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2002. Ethnic Conflict and Civic Life. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2002–2003. “Understanding Gujarat Violence.” Items and Issues 4, 1. http://publications.ssrc.org/items/ITEMS4.pdf (accessed August 3, 2008).Google Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2003. “Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Rationality.” Perspectives on Politics 1, 1: 85–99.Google Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2006. “Recognizing the Tradeoffs We Make.” Qualitative Methods 4, 1.Google Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2007. “Ethnicity and Ethnic Conflict.” In Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics , ed. Boix, C. and Stokes, S.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Varshney, Ashutosh. 2008. “Poverty and Famines: An Extension.” In Arguments for a Better World: Essays in Honor of Amartya Sen , ed. Basu, Kaushik and Kanbur, Ravi, 139–153. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar