Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:33:58.165Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Multivitamin supplementation during pregnancy alters body weight and macronutrient selection in Wistar rat offspring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2010

I. M. Szeto ,
M. E. Payne ,
A. Jahan-mihan ,
J. Duan  and
G. H. Anderson
I. M. Szeto
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M. E. Payne
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
A. Jahan-mihan
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
J. Duan
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
G. H. Anderson*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr G. H. Anderson, Gerald 150 College Street, FitzGerald Building, Room 322, Toronto Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada. (Email [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The hypothesis that vitamin content of the diet during gestation alters macronutrient choice, food intake and the expression of serotonin receptors and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus of the offspring was investigated. Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 10/group) were fed the AIN-93G diet containing a multivitamin mix at the recommended (RV) content or10-fold higher (high vitamin, HV) content. Male offspring were weaned to a choice of 10% and 60% casein diets. Intake regulation by the serotonergic system was determined by measuring food choice daily for 7 weeks, and following tryptophan (TRP) or mCPP (a serotonin receptor agonist) injections at 4 and 6 weeks post-weaning. mRNA expressions of hypothalamic serotonin receptor and POMC were measured at birth, weaning and sacrifice (7 weeks post-weaning). No differences were found in body weight at birth or weaning. HV offspring had lower food intake for the duration of the study (P < 0.001), and 11% lower body weight (P < 0.05) and 23% lower fat pad mass (P < 0.05) at 7 weeks post-weaning. They selected less protein following 12 h of food deprivation (P < 0.05) and were less responsive to TRP (P = 0.05) and mCPP (P < 0.05) injections at 6 weeks post-weaning. Expressions of mRNA for serotonin receptors 5-HT1A/2A/2C at weaning (P < 0.01) and of POMC at weaning and 7 weeks post-weaning (P < 0.05) were lower. In conclusion, intake of multivitamins above the requirements during pregnancy affected macronutrient choice, food intake and the expression of serotonin receptors and POMC in the hypothalamus.

Keywords

macronutrient intake regulationmultivitaminspregnancyserotonin
Type
Original Articles
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 1 , Issue 6 , December 2010 , pp. 386 - 395
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Szeto, IM, Aziz, A, Das, PJ, et al. . High multivitamin intake by Wistar rats during pregnancy results in increased food intake and components of the metabolic syndrome in male offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008; 295, R575–R582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Szeto, IM, Das, PJ, Aziz, A, Anderson, GH. Multivitamin supplementation of Wistar rats during pregnancy accelerates the development of obesity in offspring fed an obesogenic diet. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009; 33, 364–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Anderson, GH. Altered neurotransmitter metabolism and availability of precursor amino acids in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986; 44, 158–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4. Anderson, GH, Li, ET. Protein and amino acids in the regulation of quantitative and qualitative aspects of food intake. Int J Obes. 1987; 11(Suppl. 3), 97–108.Google ScholarPubMed
5. Anderson, GH, Li, ET, Glanville, NT. Brain mechanisms and the quantitative and qualitative aspects of food intake. Brain Res Bull. 1984; 12, 167–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Anderson, GH, Johnston, JL. Nutrient control of brain neurotransmitter synthesis and function. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1983; 61, 271–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Fernstrom, JD. Tryptophan availability and serotonin synthesis in brain. In Amino Acid Availability and Brain Function in Health and Disease. NATO ASI Series H, vol. 20 (ed. Huether G), 1988; pp. 137–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Dourish, CT, Hutson, PH, Kennett, GA, Curzon, G. 8-OH-DPAT-induced hyperphagia: its neural basis and possible therapeutic relevance. Appetite. 1986; 7(Suppl.), 127–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. De Vry, J, Schreiber, R. Effects of selected serotonin 5-HT(1) and 5-HT(2) receptor agonists on feeding behavior: possible mechanisms of action. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000; 24, 341–353.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Qiu, J, Xue, C, Bosch, MA, et al. . Serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptor signaling in hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons: role in energy homeostasis in females. Mol Pharmacol. 2007; 72, 885–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Xu, Y, Jones, JE, Kohno, D, et al. . 5-HT2CRs expressed by pro-opiomelanocortin neurons regulate energy homeostasis. Neuron. 2008; 60, 582–589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Lam, DD, Przydzial, MJ, Ridley, SH, et al. . Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonist promotes hypophagia via downstream activation of melanocortin 4 receptors. Endocrinology. 2008; 149, 1323–1328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Reeves, PG, Nielsen, FH, Fahey, GC Jr. AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76A rodent diet. J Nutr. 1993; 123, 1939–1951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Subcommittee on Laboratory Animal Nutrition, Committee on Animal Nutrition, Board on Agriculture, National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, 4th revised edn, 1995. National Academies Press: Washington, DC.Google Scholar
15. Morris, P, Anderson, GH. The effects of early dietary experience on subsequent protein selection in the rat. Physiol Behav. 1986; 36, 271–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16. Morris, P, Li, ET, MacMillan, ML, Anderson, GH. Food intake and selection after peripheral tryptophan. Physiol Behav. 1987; 40, 155–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Johnson, DJ, Li, ET, Coscina, DV, Anderson, GH. Different diurnal rhythms of protein and non-protein energy intake by rats. Physiol Behav. 1979; 22, 777–780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Fiorella, D, Rabin, RA, Winter, JC. The role of the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995; 119, 222–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19. Halford, JC, Harrold, JA, Boyland, EJ, Lawton, CL, Blundell, JE. Serotonergic drugs: effects on appetite expression and use for the treatment of obesity. Drugs. 2007; 67, 27–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Duan, J, Choi, YH, Hartzell, D, Della-Fera, MA, Hamrick, M, Baile, CA. Effects of subcutaneous leptin injections on hypothalamic gene profiles in lean and ob/ob mice. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007; 15, 2624–2633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Wainwright, PE. Issues of design and analysis relating to the use of multiparous species in developmental nutritional studies. J Nutr. 1998; 128, 661–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Musten, B, Peace, D, Anderson, GH. Food intake regulation in the weanling rat: self-selection of protein and energy. J Nutr. 1974; 104, 563–572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Booth, DA. Food intake compensation for increase or decrease in the protein content of the diet. Behav Biol. 1974; 12, 31–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Whitedouble dagger, BD, Porter, MH, Martin, RJ. Protein selection, food intake, and body composition in response to the amount of dietary protein. Physiol Behav. 2000; 69, 383–389.Google Scholar
25. Tekes, K, Gyenge, M, Folyovich, A, Csaba, G. Influence of neonatal vitamin A or vitamin D treatment on the concentration of biogenic amines and their metabolites in the adult rat brain. Horm Metab Res. 2009; 41, 277–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Tekes, K, Gyenge, M, Hantos, M, Csaba, G. Transgenerational hormonal imprinting caused by vitamin A and vitamin D treatment of newborn rats. Alterations in the biogenic amine contents of the adult brain. Brain Dev. 2009; 31, 666–670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Ballion, B, Branchereau, P, Chapron, J, Viala, D. Ontogeny of descending serotonergic innervation and evidence for intraspinal 5-HT neurons in the mouse spinal cord. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2002; 137, 81–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Herlenius, E, Lagercrantz, H. Development of neurotransmitter systems during critical periods. Exp Neurol. 2004; 190(Suppl. 1), S8–S21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Rajaofetra, N, Sandillon, F, Geffard, M, Privat, A. Pre- and post-natal ontogeny of serotonergic projections to the rat spinal cord. J Neurosci Res. 1989; 22, 305–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30. Tilakaratne, N, Yang, Z, Friedman, E. Chronic fluoxetine or desmethylimipramine treatment alters 5-HT2 receptor mediated c-fos gene expression. Eur J Pharmacol. 1995; 290, 263–266.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31. Fernstrom, JD. Effects of the diet and other metabolic phenomena on brain tryptophan uptake and serotonin synthesis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991; 294, 369–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Vickers, MH, Breier, BH, Cutfield, WS, Hofman, PL, Gluckman, PD. Fetal origins of hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension and postnatal amplification by hypercaloric nutrition. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2000; 279, E83–E87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33. Langley-Evans, SC, Nwagwu, M. Impaired growth and increased glucocorticoid-sensitive enzyme activities in tissues of rat fetuses exposed to maternal low protein diets. Life Sci. 1998; 63, 605–615.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34. Sugden, MC, Holness, MJ. Gender-specific programming of insulin secretion and action. J Endocrinol. 2002; 175, 757–767.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35. Gluckman, PD, Hanson, MA. Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease. Science. 2004; 305, 1733–1736.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36. Radimer, K, Bindewald, B, Hughes, J, Ervin, B, Swanson, C, Picciano, MF. Dietary supplement use by US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 160, 339–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Ottley, C. Who needs vitamin and mineral supplements? Nurs Stand. 2000; 14, 42–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38. Lagiou, P, Mucci, L, Tamimi, R, et al. . Micronutrient intake during pregnancy in relation to birth size. Eur J Nutr. 2005; 44, 52–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed