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Influence of intrauterine growth status on aortic intima-media thickness and aortic diameter in near-term fetuses: a comparative cross-sectional study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2021

Zohaib Akhter Open the ORCID record for Zohaib Akhter [Opens in a new window] ,
Rozina Nuruddin ,
Iqbal Azam ,
Ayesha Malik  and
Nuruddin Mohammed Open the ORCID record for Nuruddin Mohammed [Opens in a new window]
Zohaib Akhter
Affiliation:
York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, UK
Rozina Nuruddin
Affiliation:
Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
Iqbal Azam
Affiliation:
Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
Ayesha Malik
Affiliation:
Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
Nuruddin Mohammed*
Affiliation:
Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
*
Address for correspondence: Dr. Nuruddin Mohammed, Associate Professor and Consultant Fetal Medicine, Director Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Intrauterine undernutrition may lead to fetal vascular programming. We compared abdominal aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT) and aortic diameter (aD) between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and growth-restricted fetuses (GRF). We recruited 136 singleton fetuses at 34–37 weeks of gestation from Fetal Medicine Unit of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi (January–November 2017). Subjects were classified as AGA (n = 102) and GRF (n = 34) using INTER-GROWTH 21st growth reference and standard ultrasound protocol. Their far- and near-wall aIMT and aD were compared after adjustment of maternal age, first-trimester body mass index, fetal gender, hypertension and hyperglycemia in pregnancy. As the severity of growth restriction increased in GRF, aIMT and aD showed an increasing and a decreasing trend, respectively. Both far- and near-wall aIMT in GRF [(adj. β = 0.082, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.042–0.123) and (adj. β = 0.049, 95% CI 0.010–0.089)] were significantly greater with reference to AGA fetuses. GRF subgroup analysis into small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) revealed highly significant difference between AGA and IUGR for far (0.142 mm, P-value < 0.001) and near-wall aIMT (0.115 mm, P-value < 0.001) and marginally significant aD difference (0.51 mm, P-value 0.05). These findings suggest that the extent of fetal aortic remodelling is influenced by the severity of growth restriction. Hence, the targeted interventions for the cardiovascular health promotion of IUGR and SGA born neonates are desirable during early childhood, particularly in set ups with high prevalence of low birth weight babies.

Keywords

Intima-media thicknessfetal growth restrictionvascular remodellinglate preterm fetuses
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , April 2022 , pp. 212 - 219
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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Footnotes

*

Both authors have equally contributed to the manuscript writing and can be interchangeably reported as the first authors.

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