Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T06:40:36.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Impact of a walking intervention during pregnancy on post-partum weight retention and infant anthropometric outcomes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2014

K. L. Kong ,
C. Campbell ,
K. Wagner ,
A. Peterson  and
L. Lanningham-Foster
K. L. Kong
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
C. Campbell
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
K. Wagner
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
A. Peterson
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Iowa, USA
L. Lanningham-Foster*
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
*
*Address for correspondence: L. Lanningham-Foster, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, 50011 Ames, USA. (Email [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Few studies have investigated the impact of lifestyle interventions during pregnancy on post-partum weight retention and infant growth. Thirty seven previously non-exercising, overweight or obese pregnant women were randomly assigned to a walking intervention or non-intervention control. For the follow-up study, weight of the mother and weight, length and body composition of the infant were collected at 1 month post-partum (n=37) and 6 months post-partum (n=33). Analysis of variance and linear regression were conducted to determine the differences and association in maternal post-partum weight retention and child outcomes. At 6 months post-partum, weight retention of obese women in the intervention group (Int-OB) was −0.10±8.11 kg; while, obese women in the control group (Con-OB) was 6.35±7.47 kg. A significantly higher percentage of Con-OB women retained more than 5 kg at 6 months post-partum (P=0.046). Even though statistically non-significant between the groups, the growth trend observed among offspring of obese women in the control group was consistently higher than the offspring of obese women in the intervention group from birth to 6-months. Third trimester gestational weight gain rate significantly predicted 6-m weight-for-length z-score after controlling for birth weight, treatment group and pre-pregnancy body mass index (r2=0.31, β=1.75, P=0.03). The reduced post-partum weight retention observed among the obese women in the intervention group may be explained in part by the lifestyle modification during pregnancy.

Keywords

overweight/obese pregnant womenmoderate walkingweight retentioninfant body composition
Type
Fast Track
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 5 , Issue 3 , June 2014 , pp. 259 - 267
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Ogden, CL, Carroll, MD, Kit, BK, Flegal, KM. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999–2010. J Am Med Assoc. 2012; 307, 483–490.Google Scholar
2. Daniels, SR. The consequences of childhood overweight and obesity. Futur Child. 2006; 16, 47–67.Google Scholar
3. Barker, DJP. The origins of the developmental origins theory. J Intern Med. 2007; 261, 412–417.Google Scholar
4. Gillman, MW. Developmental origins of health and disease. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353, 1848–1850.Google Scholar
5. Adamo, KB, Ferraro, ZM, Brett, KE. Can we modify the intrauterine environment to halt the intergenerational cycle of obesity? Int J Env Res Public Heal. 2012; 9, 1263–1307.Google Scholar
6. Oken, E. Maternal and child obesity: the causal link. Obs Gynecol Clin N Am. 2009; 36, 361–377.Google Scholar
7. Li, L, Law, C, Lo, Conte R, Power, C. Intergenerational influences on childhood body mass index: the effect of parental body mass index trajectories. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89, 551–557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Whitaker, RC, Wright, JA, Pepe, MS, Seidel, KD, Dietz, WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337, 869–873.Google Scholar
9. Ferraro, ZM, Barrowman, N, Prud’homme, D, et al. Excessive gestational weight gain predicts large for gestational age neonates independent of maternal body mass index. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012; 25, 538–542.Google Scholar
10. Gunderson, E. Childbearing and obesity in women: weight before, during, and after pregnancy. Obs Gynecol Clin N Am. 2009; 36, 317–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Harris, HE, Ellison, GTH, Holliday, M, Lucassen, E. The impact of pregnancy on the long-term weight gain of primiparous women in England. Int J Obes. 1997; 21, 747–755.Google Scholar
12. Olson, CM, Strawderman, MS. Modifiable behavioral factors in a biopsychosocial model predict inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003; 103, 48–54.Google Scholar
13. Stuebe, AM, Oken, E, Gillman, MW. Associations of diet and physical activity during pregnancy with risk for excessive gestational weight gain. Am J Obs Gynecol. 2009; 201, e1–e8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Haakstad, LAH, Voldner, N, Henriksen, T, Bø, K. Physical activity level and weight gain in a cohort of pregnant Norwegian women. Acta Obs Gynecol Scand. 2007; 86, 559–564.Google Scholar
15. Haakstad, LAH, Bø, K. Effect of regular exercise on prevention of excessive weight gain in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Contracept Reprod Heal Care. 2011; 16, 116–125.Google Scholar
16. Clapp, JF, Kim, H, Burciu, B, Lopez, B. Beginning regular exercise in early pregnancy: effect on fetoplacental growth. Am J Obs Gynecol. 2000; 183, 1484–1488.Google Scholar
17. Mottola, MF, Giroux, I, Gratton, R, et al. Nutrition and exercise prevent excess weight gain in overweight pregnant women. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2010; 42, 265–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Muscati, S, Gray-Donald, K, Koski, K. Timing of weight gain during pregnancy: promoting fetal growth and minimizing maternal weight retention. Int J Obes. 1996; 20, 526–532.Google Scholar
19. Ravelli, GP, Stein, ZA, Susser, MW. Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy. N Engl J Med. 1976; 295, 349–353.Google Scholar
20. Margerison-Zilko, CE, Shrimali, BP, Eskenazi, B, et al. Trimester of maternal gestational weight gain and offspring body weight at birth and age five. Matern Child Heal J. 2012; 16, 1215–1223.Google Scholar
21. Davenport, MH, Ruchat, S-M, Giroux, I, Sopper, MM, Mottola, MF. Timing of excessive pregnancy-related weight gain and offspring adiposity at birth. Obs Gynecol. 2013; 122, 255–261.Google Scholar
22. Andersen, CS, Gamborg, M, Sørensen, T, Nohr, EA. Weight gain in different periods of pregnancy and offspring’s body mass index at 7 years of age. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2011; 6, e179–e186.Google Scholar
23. Fraser, A, Tilling, K, Macdonald-Wallis, C, et al. Association of maternal weight gain in pregnancy with offspring obesity and metabolic and vascular traits in childhood. Circulation. 2010; 121, 2557–2564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. ACOG Committee Obstetric Practice. ACOG committee opinion: exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Obs Gynecol. 2002; 99, 171–173.Google Scholar
25. Feito, Y, Bassett, DR, Thompson, DL. Evaluation of activity monitors in controlled and free-living environments. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2011; 44, 733–741.Google Scholar
26. Foster, RC, Lanningham-Foster, LM, Manohar, C, et al. Precision and accuracy of an ankle-worn accelerometer-based pedometer in step counting and energy expenditure. Prev Med (Baltim). 2005; 41, 778–783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Kong, KL, Campbell, CG, Foster, RC, Peterson, AD, Lanningham-Foster, L. A pilot walking program promotes moderate physical activity during pregnancy. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2013; 46, 462–471.Google Scholar
28. Phelan, S, Phipps, MG, Abrams, B, et al. Randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: the Fit for Delivery Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011; 93, 772–779.Google Scholar
29. Gunderson, EP, Rifas-Shiman, SL, Oken, E, et al. Association of fewer hours of sleep at 6 months postpartum with substantial weight retention at 1 year postpartum. Am J Epidemiol. 2008; 167, 178–187.Google Scholar
30. Kuczmarski, RJ, Ogden, CL, Grummer-strawn, LM, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data. 2000; 314, 1–27.Google Scholar
31. Catalano, PM, Tyzbir, ED, Allen, SR, McBean, JH, McAuliffe, TL. Evaluation of fetal growth by estimation of neonatal body composition. Obs Gynecol. 1992; 79, 46–50.Google Scholar
32. Huang, T, Yeh, C-Y, Tsai, Y-C. A diet and physical activity intervention for preventing weight retention among Taiwanese childbearing women: a randomised controlled trial. Midwifery. 2011; 27, 257–264.Google Scholar
33. Juhl, M, Olsen, J, Andersen, PK, Nøhr, EA, Andersen, A-MN. Physical exercise during pregnancy and fetal growth measures: a study within the Danish national birth cohort. Am J Obs Gynecol. 2010; 202, e1–e8.Google Scholar
34. Owe, K, Nystad, W, Bo, K. Association between regular exercise and excessive newborn birth weight. Obs Gynecol. 2009; 114, 770–776.Google Scholar
35. Mudd, LM, Pivarnik, J, Holzman, CB, et al. Leisure-time physical activity in pregnancy and the birth weight distribution: where is the effect? J Phys Act Heal. 2012; 9, 1168–1177.Google Scholar
36. Bayol, SA, Simbi, BH, Bertrand, JA, Stickland, NC. Offspring from mothers fed a “junk food” diet in pregnancy and lactation exhibit exacerbated adiposity that is more pronounced in females. J Physiol. 2008; 586, 3219–3230.Google Scholar
37. Clapp, JF, Simonian, S, Lopez, B, Appleby-Wineberg, S, Harcar-Sevcik, R. The one-year morphometric and neurodevelopmental outcome of the offspring of women who continued to exercise regularly throughout pregnancy. Am J Obs Gynecol. 1998; 178, 594–599.Google Scholar
38. Clapp, JF. Morphometric and neurodevelopmental outcome at age five years of the offspring of women who continued to exercise regularly throughout pregnancy. J Pediatr. 1996; 129, 856–863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39. Mattran, K, Mudd, L, Rudey, R, Kelly, J. Leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy and offspring size at 18 to 24 months. J Phys Act Health. 2011; 8, 655–662.Google Scholar
40. Prince, SA, Adamo, KB, Hamel, ME, et al. A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008; 5.Google ScholarPubMed
41. Rowland, ML. Self-reported and height. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990; 52, 1125–1133.Google Scholar
42. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity guidelines advisory committee report, 2008. To the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Part A: executive summary. Nutr Rev. 2009; 67, 114–120.Google Scholar
43. Oken, E. Excess gestational weight gain amplifies risks among obese mothers. Epidemiology. 2009; 20, 82–83.Google Scholar