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High altitude hypoxia and blood pressure dysregulation in adult chickens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2012

E. A. Herrera ,
C. E. Salinas ,
C. E. Blanco ,
M. Villena  and
D. A. Giussani
E. A. Herrera
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
C. E. Salinas
Affiliation:
Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
C. E. Blanco
Affiliation:
National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
M. Villena
Affiliation:
Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
D. A. Giussani*
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
*
*Address for correspondence: Prof. D. A. Giussani, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK. Email [email protected]
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Abstract

Although it is accepted that impaired placental perfusion in complicated pregnancy can slow fetal growth and programme an increased risk of cardiovascular dysfunction at adulthood, the relative contribution of reductions in fetal nutrition and in fetal oxygenation as the triggering stimulus remains unclear. By combining high altitude (HA) with the chick embryo model, we have previously isolated the direct effects of HA hypoxia on embryonic growth and cardiovascular development before hatching. This study isolated the effects of developmental hypoxia on cardiovascular function measured in vivo in conscious adult male and female chickens. Chick embryos were incubated, hatched and raised at sea level (SL, nine males and nine females) or incubated, hatched and raised at HA (seven males and seven females). At 6 months of age, vascular catheters were inserted under general anaesthesia. Five days later, basal blood gas status, basal cardiovascular function and cardiac baroreflex responses were investigated. HA chickens had significantly lower basal arterial PO2 and haemoglobin saturation, and significantly higher haematocrit than SL chickens, independent of the sex of the animal. HA chickens had significantly lower arterial blood pressure than SL chickens, independent of the sex of the animal. Although the gain of the arterial baroreflex was decreased in HA relative to SL male chickens, it was increased in HA relative to SL female chickens. We show that development at HA lowers basal arterial blood pressure and alters baroreflex sensitivity in a sex-dependent manner at adulthood.

Keywords

baroreflexcardiovascular diseasechronic hypoxiafetal programming
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , February 2013 , pp. 69 - 76
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2012 

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