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Effects of maternal restraint stress on offspring intestinal microbiota and adipogenesis: insights from in vivo and in vitro studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2025

Takako Kondo Open the ORCID record for Takako Kondo [Opens in a new window] ,
Yuta Tsunematsu ,
Yu Aoki ,
Noriyuki Miyoshi ,
Mitsuo Iinuma  and
Kumiko Yamada
Takako Kondo*
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Nagoya Women’s University, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, Japan Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Yuta Tsunematsu
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Department of Applied Biosciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
Yu Aoki
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
Noriyuki Miyoshi
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
Mitsuo Iinuma
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Dentistry Division of Oral Structure, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
Kumiko Yamada
Affiliation:
Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Nagoya Women’s University, Nagoya-shi, Aichi, Japan
*
Corresponding author: Takako Kondo; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The maternal restraint stress animal model is based on a long-term stress paradigm administered to pregnant maternal animals, and these offspring have been shown to exhibit a variety of biochemical defects including obesity. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal restraint stress affects obesity-associated changes in offspring intestinal microbiota and the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Pregnant mice were subjected to restraint stress three times daily from gestational Day12 to delivery. Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of mothers (during pregnancy and lactation) and their lactating offspring exposed to maternal restraint stress were analyzed using next-generation sequencing. Maternal stress altered the maternal microbiota, with reduced Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes. While similar trends were observed in offspring, these changes were not statistically significant. However, maternal stress notably reduced microbial diversity in the offspring’s intestinal microbiota. Bone marrow-derived MSCs from offspring at weaning were analyzed for adipogenic transcription factors and hormone receptor expression using quantitative PCR. Maternal stress enhanced the adipogenic phenotype of offspring MSCs, as evidenced by increased expression of adipogenic markers (PPARγ, leptin receptor) and a reduced osteogenic phenotype. In vitro induction further confirmed the higher adipocyte differentiation potential in stressed offspring MSCs compared to controls.

Our results revealed that maternal restraint stress altered the maternal intestinal microbiota, leading to reduced microbial diversity in offspring, predisposing their MSCs toward an adipocyte phenotype. These finding suggest that modulating the intestinal microbiota of stressed pregnant women may improve the susceptibility to obesity in their children.

Keywords

Maternal restrain stressoffspringintestinal microbiotamesenchymal stem cellsadipogenesis
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 16 , 2025 , e14
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with The International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)

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