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Cholinergic-pathway-weakness-associated pancreatic islet dysfunction: a low-protein-diet imprint effect on weaned rat offspring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2020

Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
Ginislene Dias Souza Miranda
Affiliation:
Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
Luiz Felipe Barella
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Audrei Pavanello
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
Isabela Peixoto Martins
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
Júlia Cristina Facchi
Affiliation:
Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
Hercules de Oliveira Costermani
Affiliation:
Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
Thalyne Aparecida Leite de Lima
Affiliation:
Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
Júlio Cezar de Oliveira*
Affiliation:
Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brazil
*
Address for correspondence: Júlio Cezar de Oliveira, Research Group on Perinatal Programming of Metabolic Diseases: DOHaD paradigm, Laboratory of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Health Education and Research Center (NUPADS), room 03, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus of Sinop, Alexandre Ferronato Avenue 1200, 78557-267, Sinop, MT, Brazil. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Currently, metabolic disorders are one of the major health problems worldwide, which have been shown to be related to perinatal nutritional insults, and the autonomic nervous system and endocrine pancreas are pivotal targets of the malprogramming of metabolic function. We aimed to assess glucose–insulin homeostasis and the involvement of cholinergic responsiveness (vagus nerve activity and insulinotropic muscarinic response) in pancreatic islet capacity to secrete insulin in weaned rat offspring whose mothers were undernourished in the first 2 weeks of the suckling phase. At delivery, dams were fed a low-protein (4% protein, LP group) or a normal-protein diet (20.5% protein, NP group) during the first 2 weeks of the suckling period. Litter size was adjusted to six pups per mother, and rats were weaned at 21 days old. Weaned LP rats presented a lean phenotype (P < 0.01); hypoglycaemia, hypoinsulinaemia and hypoleptinaemia (P < 0.05); and normal corticosteronaemia (P > 0.05). In addition, milk insulin levels in mothers of the LP rats were twofold higher than those of mothers of the NP rats (P < 0.001). Regarding glucose–insulin homeostasis, weaned LP rats were glucose-intolerant (P < 0.01) and displayed impaired pancreatic islet insulinotropic function (P < 0.05). The M3 subtype of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M3mAChR) from weaned LP rats was less responsive, and the superior vagus nerve electrical activity was reduced by 30% (P < 0.01). A low-protein diet in the suckling period malprogrammes the vagus nerve to low tonus and impairs muscarinic response in the pancreatic β-cells of weaned rats, which are imprinted to secrete inadequate insulin amounts from an early age.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press and the International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 2020

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