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Cardiovascular risk factors in those born preterm – systematic review and meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2020

Prabha H. Andraweera Open the ORCID record for Prabha H. Andraweera [Opens in a new window] ,
Bradley Condon ,
Gemma Collett ,
Stefania Gentilcore Open the ORCID record for Stefania Gentilcore [Opens in a new window]  and
Zohra S. Lassi
Prabha H. Andraweera*
Affiliation:
Adelaide Medical School and The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Bradley Condon
Affiliation:
Adelaide Medical School and The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Gemma Collett
Affiliation:
Adelaide Medical School and The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Stefania Gentilcore
Affiliation:
Adelaide Medical School and The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Zohra S. Lassi
Affiliation:
Adelaide Medical School and The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
*
Address for correspondence: Prabha Andraweera, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School and The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Email [email protected]
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Abstract

Emerging evidence demonstrates a link between preterm birth (PTB) and later life cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare conventional CVD risk factors between those born preterm and at term. PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018095005). CVD risk factors including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index, lipid profile, blood glucose, and fasting insulin among those born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestation) were compared with those born at term (≥37 weeks’ gestation). Subgroup analyses based on gender, age, gestational at birth (<32 weeks’ gestation and <28 weeks’ gestation), and PTB associated with small for gestational age or average for gestational age were also performed. Fifty-six studies provided data on 308,987 individuals. Being born preterm was associated with 3.26 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.08 to 4.44) higher mean SBP and 1.32 mmHg (95% CI: 0.61 to 2.04) higher mean DBP compared to being born at term. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that SBP was higher among (a) preterm compared to term groups from early adolescence until adulthood; (b) females born preterm but not among males born preterm compared to term controls; and (c) those born at <32 weeks or <28 weeks compared to term. Our meta-analyses demonstrate higher SBP and DBP among those born preterm compared to term. The difference in SBP is evident from early adolescence until adulthood.

Keywords

Pretermcardiovascular riskoffspringsystematic reviewmeta-analysis
Type
Review
Information
Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , August 2021 , pp. 539 - 554
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with International Society for Developmental Origins of Health and Disease

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