Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:42:32.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation: effects of seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and flaxseed on milk production and fatty acid profile of lactating ewes during summer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 September 2016

Mariangela Caroprese ,
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti ,
Rosaria Marino ,
Antonella Santillo ,
Agostino Sevi  and
Marzia Albenzio
Mariangela Caroprese*
Affiliation:
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Maria Giovanna Ciliberti
Affiliation:
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Rosaria Marino
Affiliation:
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Antonella Santillo
Affiliation:
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Agostino Sevi
Affiliation:
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Marzia Albenzio
Affiliation:
Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122 Foggia, Italy
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The research reported in this Research Communication was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplemented in the diet on milk production and milk fatty acid profile of lactating ewes exposed to long term heat stress. The experiment was conducted during summer, involved 32 ewes divided into 4 groups of 8 each, and lasted 6 weeks. The ewes in all groups were fed twice daily and received 1·8 kg/d of oat hay and 1 kg/d of concentrate. Flaxseed group (FS) was supplemented with 250 g/d of whole flaxseed, Ascophyllum nodosum group (AG) was supplemented with 25 g/d of seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum, and the combination group (FS + AG) received both flaxseed and Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation. The control group (CON) was fed with 1 kg/d of pelleted concentrate without PUFA supplementation. Milk samples were collected twice daily per week, and analysed for fat, total protein, casein, and lactose content. At the beginning and then at 2, 4 and 6 week of the experiment each milk sample was analysed for milk fatty acids. Temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated daily. Supplementation of flaxseed and of the combination of flaxseed and Ascophyllum nodosum increased milk yield. The total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in milk decreased for ewes fed FS, followed by FS + AG. On the contrary, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased for ewes fed FS and FS + AG. The total n-3 FA was found higher in FS and FS + AG than in AG and CON groups mainly because of the increase in C 18 : 3 n-3 in FS and FS + AG milk. Milk from FS + AG resulted in the highest n-3/n-6 ratio and decreases in atherogenic and thrombogenic indices. The combination of seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum and flaxseed can be suggested as an adequate supplementation to sustain milk production and milk fatty acid profile of sheep during summer season.

Keywords

Polyunsaturated fatty acidseaweedheat stressflaxseedmilk fatty acid
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 83 , Issue 3 , August 2016 , pp. 289 - 297
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antaya, NT, Soder, KJ, Kraft, J, Whitehouse, NL, Guindin, NE, Erickson, PS, Conroy, AB & Brito, AF 2015 Incremental amount of Ascophyllum nodosum meal do not improve animal performance but do increase milk iodine output in early lactation dairy cows fed high-forage diets. Journal of Dairy Science 98 1991–2004 Google Scholar
AOAC 2000 Official Methods of Analysis, 17th edition. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists Google Scholar
Bichi, E, Frutos, P, Toral, PG, Keisler, D, Hervás, G & Loor, JJ 2013 Dietary marine algae and its influence on tissue genenetwork expression during milk fat depression in dairy ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 186 36–44 Google Scholar
Boeckaert, C, Vlaeminck, B, Dijkstra, J, Issa-Zachari, A, Van Nespen, T, Van Strealen, W & Fievez, V 2008 Effect of dietary starch or micro algae supplementation on rumen fermentation and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 91 4714–4727 Google Scholar
Caroprese, M, Marzano, A, Marino, R, Gliatta, G, Muscio, A & Sevi, A 2010 Flaxseed supplementation improves fatty acid profile of cow milk. Journal of Dairy Science 93 2580–2588 Google Scholar
Caroprese, M, Albenzio, M, Bruno, A, Fedele, V, Santillo, A & Sevi, A 2011 Effect of solar radiation and flaxseed supplementation on milk production and fatty acid profile of lactating ewes under high ambient temperature. Journal of Dairy Science 94 3856–3867 Google Scholar
Caroprese, M, Albenzio, M, Bruno, A, Annichiarico, G, Marino, R & Sevi, A 2012 Effects of shade and flaxseed supplementation on welfare of lactating ewes under high ambient temperatures. Small Ruminant Research 102 177–185 Google Scholar
Caroprese, M, Ciliberti, MG, Annicchiarico, G, Albenzio, M, Muscio, A & Sevi, A 2014 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation and immune regulation in heat-stressed sheep after supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science 97 4247–4258 Google Scholar
Ciliberti, MG, Albenzio, M, Annicchiarico, G, Marino, R, Santillo, A, Sevi, A & Caroprese, M 2016 Role of different sources of dietary PUFA supplementation on sheep welfare under high ambient temperature. Small Ruminant Research 135 32–38 Google Scholar
EU Directive 2010/63/EU 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, pp. 33–79. Official Journal L 276, Luxembourg: European Communities Publication Office. ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2010/63/oj Google Scholar
Griinari, JM, Dwyer, DA, Mc Guire, MA, Bauman, DE, Palquist, DL & Nurmela, KVV 1998 Trans-octadecenoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81 1251–1261 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
International Dairy Federation 1990. Determination of Milk fat, Protein & Lactose Content – Guide for the Operation of Mid-Infrared Instruments. Brussels: IDF, (FIL-IDF Standard no. 141B)Google Scholar
ISO-IDF 2002. Milk fat—Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters. International Standard ISO 15884-IDF 182:2002. Brussels, IDF Google Scholar
Kelly, CF & Bond, TE 1971 Bioclimatic Factors and Their Measurement: a Guide to Environmental Research on Animals. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Google Scholar
Luna, P, Juárez, M, & de la Fuente, MA 2005 Validation of a rapid milk fat separation method to determine the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. Journal of Dairy Science 88 3377–3381 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maia, MRG, Chaudhary, LC, Figueres, L & Wallace, J 2007 Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their toxicity to the microflora of the rumen. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 91 303–314 Google Scholar
Marai, IFM, El-Darawany, AA, Fadiel, A, Abdel-Hafez, MAM 2007 Physiological traits as affected by heat stress in sheep – a review. Small Ruminant Research 71 1–12 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matteri, RL, Carroll, JA, Dyer, CJ 2000 Neuroendocrine responses to stress. In The Biology of Animal Stress, pp. 43–76 (Eds Sejrsen, K, Hvelplund, T & Nielsen, MO). Wallingford, UK: CABI-Publishing Google Scholar
Mughetti, L, Senesio, F, Acuti, G, Antonini, C, Moneta, E, Peparaio, M & Trabalza-Marinucci, M 2012 Integration of extruded linseed into dairy sheep diets: effects on milk composition and quality and sensorial properties of Pecorino cheese. Animal Feed Science and Technology 178 27–39 Google Scholar
Noakes, M, Nestel, PJ & Clifton, PM 1996 Modifying the fatty acid profile of dairy products through feedlot technology lowers plasma cholesterol of humans consuming the products. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63 42–46 Google Scholar
Novoa-Garrido, M, Aanensen, L, Lind, V, Larsen, HJS, Jensen, SK, Govasmark, E & Steinshamn, H 2014 Immunological effects of feeding macroalgae and various vitamin E supplements in Norwegian white sheep-ewes and their offspring. Livestock Science 167 126–136 Google Scholar
NRC 2001. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th revised edition. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Sci Google Scholar
Póti, P, Pajor, F, Bodnár, Á, Penksza, K & Köles, P 2015 Effect of micro-alga supplementation on goat and cow milk fatty acid composition. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 75 259–263 Google Scholar
Reynolds, CK, Cannon, VL & Loerch, SC 2006 Effects of forage source and supplementation with soybean and marine algal oil on milk fatty acid composition of ewes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131 333–357 Google Scholar
SAS Institute 2013. SAS Enterprise Guide: Statistics. Version 6.1 ed. Cary, NC: SAS Inst. Inc Google Scholar
Sevi, A, Annicchiarico, G, Albenzio, M, Taibi, L, Muscio, A & Dell'Aquila, S 2001 Effects of solar radiation and feeding time on behavior, immune response and production of lactating ewes under high ambient temperature. Journal of Dairy Science 84 629–640 Google Scholar
Sevi, A, Rotunno, T, Di Caterina, R & Muscio, A 2002 Fatty acid composition of ewe milk as affected by solar radiation and high ambient temperature. Journal of Dairy Research 69 181–194 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silanikove, N 2000 Effects of heat stress on the welfare of extensively managed domestic ruminants. Livestock Production Science 67 1–18 Google Scholar
Simopoulos, AP 2004 Omega-6/Omega-3 essential fatty acid ratio and chronic diseases. Food Reviews International 20 77–90 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sitzia, M, Bonanno, A, Todaro, M, Cannas, A, Atzori, AS, Francesconi, AHD & Trabalza-Marinucci, M 2015 Feeding and management techniques to favour summer sheep milk and cheese production in the Mediterranean environment. Small Ruminant Research 126 43–58 Google Scholar
Toral, PG, Hervás, G, Gómez-Cortés, P, Frutos, P, Juárez, M & de la Fuente, MA 2010 Milk fatty acid profile and dairy sheep performance in response to diet supplementation with sunflower oil plus incremental levels of marine algae. Journal of Dairy Science 93 1655–1667 Google Scholar
Ulbricht, TLV & Southgate, DAT 1991 Coronary heart disease: seven dietary factors. Lancet 338 985–992 Google Scholar
Zhao, FQ 2014 Biology of glucose transport in the mammary gland. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia 19 3–17.Google Scholar