Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-k7p5g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T18:17:46.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feeding Standards for Dairy Cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2009

E. T. Halnan
E. T. Halnan
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, Cambridge.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The introduction of feeding standards for cattle coincides with the introduction of stall feeding conditions. Under pastoral conditions, cattle were fed in the meadows during the spring and summer months, and after a short time on the stubbles were wintered on straw and hay. During the latter half of the eighteenth century the practice of feeding cattle in stalls during the spring and summer months had developed, and with this development there gradually grew up a demand for a more exact knowledge on the rational feeding of farm animals. The use of roots for summer feeding, and the more extensive use during the winter months of rape cake and cereal grains as supplements to straw and hay led to a desire for knowledge. The farmer particularly wished to obtain a better knowledge of the replacement values of such feeding stuffs as were at that time at his disposal, and the scientists endeavoured to satisfy that demand. Regarded historically, the expression of the nutritive requirements of feeding stuffs for cattle developed in four distinct stages. In the first, the mutual replacement values of foods were assessed by chemical considerations and expressed in terms of “hay.” This constituted the “hay value system,” with which Thaer, Boussingault, and Emil von Wolff are associated.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 1 , Issue 1 , November 1929 , pp. 3 - 34
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 1929

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

(1) Gouin, R. Alimentation rationnelle des animaux domestiques. P. 16Google Scholar
(2) Liebig, (1842). Chimie organique appliqueé à la physiologie animale.Google Scholar
(3) Henneberg, (1860). Über den Heuwert der Futterstoffe. Beiträge zur Futterung der Wiederkāuer, Heft 1, 1–16.Google Scholar
(4) Von Wolff, Emil (1874). Die landwirtschaftliche Futterungslehre. Pp. 455–6.Google Scholar
(5) Von Wolff, Emil (1895). Farm foods. Translated by H. H. Cousins. P. 254.Google Scholar
(6) Kuhn, Julius. Feeding standards for Domestic Animals Expt. Sta. Record, 4, 6–13.Google Scholar
(7) Kuhn, Julius p. 602 Feeding experiments with milch cows in Denmark 1891–92.Google Scholar
(8) Hansson, Nils. Wert der Sojakuchen und des Sojamehls bei der Futterung von Milchkuhen Fuhlings Landwtrt. Zerlung, Jahrg. 1910, Heft 2.Google Scholar
(9) Hansson, Nils (1902). Redogorelse for Malmohus lāns Kontrollforeningars verksamhet 1901–2. Malmo.Google Scholar
(10) Hansson, Nils (1908). Nutida utfodringsnormer for mjolkkor. K. Landbruk. Akad. Handlingar ouh Tidskrift.Google Scholar
(11) Hansson, Nils Meddelande No. 85 från Centralanstalten for Forsokvasendet på jordbruksområdet Husdjursafdelningen, No. 12.Google Scholar
(12) Hansson, Nils (1926). Der Bedarf der Milchkuhe an Produktionsfutter. Husdjursafdelningen. pp. 295–312.Google Scholar
(13) Poijarvi, Ilmari (1925). Mjolkkornas närungsbehov, praktiska utfodringsforsok med Finska Kor. Helsingfors.Google Scholar
(14) Richardsen, A. (1926) Verschmelzung der Stärkewertsberechnung nach Kellner mit der Berechnung der Milchproduktionswerte nach Hansson. Zerts. f. Tierzucht. und Zuchtungsbiologte, 5, 313–24.Google Scholar
(15) Molloaard, Holger (1929). Futterungslehre des Mulchirehs. Verlag von M. und H. Schaper, Hanover.Google Scholar
(16) Molloaard, Holger Futterungslehre des Mulchurehs. pp. 97–8.Google Scholar
(17) Henneberg, and Stohmann, . Berträge zur Begrundung erner rationellen Futterung der Wiederkauer. Part I, 17–188.Google Scholar
(18) Von Wolff, E. See No. 5 above.Google Scholar
(19) Kuhn, G. (1894). Landw. Vers. Stat. 44, 237–581.Google Scholar
(20) Kellner, (1900). Landw. Vers. Stat. 53.Google Scholar
(21) Kellner, (1900). Landw. Vers. Stat. pp. 3 and 4.Google Scholar
(22) Armsby, H. P. U.S. Dept. Agric. Bull. 143, 41.Google Scholar
(23) Haecker, T. L. Minnesota Exp. Sta. Bull. 79.Google Scholar
(24) Armsby, H. P. Penn. Sta. Coll. Bull. 143.Google Scholar
(25) Cochrane, D. C., Fries, J. A. and Braman, W. W. J. Agric. Res. 31, 1054–82.Google Scholar
(26) Forbes, E. B., Fries, J. A. and Braman, W. W. J. Agric. Res. 33, 483–92.Google Scholar
(27)Forbes, E. B., Fries, J. A. and Braman, W. W.. J. Agric. Res. 33, 591–5. (Fasting catabolism of dry cows.)Google Scholar
(28) Möllgaard, H. See No. 15 above, pp. 127–8.Google Scholar
(29) Armsby, and Fries, . Collected papers, 1912–22. Washington.Google Scholar
(30) Forbes, Kriss and Braman, (1927). J. Agric. Res. 34, No. 2.Google Scholar
(31) Benedict, F. G. and Ritzmann, E. G. Metabolism of the Fasting Steer. Washington, 1927.Google Scholar
(32) Kellner, O. (1900). Landw. Vers. Stat. 53.Google Scholar
(33) MÖllgaard, H. (1923). III Beretning fra det landökonomislce ForsögslaboratoriumGoogle Scholar
(34) Sherman, H. C. (1920). Protein requirement of maintenance in man and the nutritive efficiency of bread protein. J. Biol. Chem. 41, 97–109.Google Scholar
(35) Haecker, T. L. (1903). Investigations in milk production. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 79.Google Scholar
(36) Perkins, A. E. (1925). Protein requirements of dairy cows. Ohio Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 389.Google Scholar
(37) Forbes, E. B. Fries, J. A. and Kriss, M. (1926). The maintenance requirement of cattle for protein, as indicated by the fasting catabolism of dry cows. J. Dairy Sci. 9, 15CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(38) KÜhn, G. et al. Landw. Vers. Stat. 43, 548Google Scholar
(39) Kellner, O., et al. Landw. Vers. Stat. 47, 291.Google Scholar
(40) (1907). 63 Beretning fra den Kgl. Veterinär. og Landbohejskoles Laboratorium f. landökonomiske Forsög.Google Scholar
(41) Buschmann, A. (1923). Landw. Vers. Stat. 101, 17Google Scholar
(42) Mollgaard, . See No. 15 above, p. 122.Google Scholar
(43) Andersen, A. C. (1923). 113 Beretning fra Forsögslaboratoriet. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
(44) Gaines, W. L. (1928). Energy basis of measuring milk yield in cows. Univ. Illinois Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 308.Google Scholar
(45) Stocking, W. A. and Brew, J. D. (1920). Milk—the essential food. Dairyman&s League News, 01. 10Google Scholar
(46) Hansson, Nils (1926). Füttening der Haustiere. Verlag von Theodor Steinkopff, Dresden.Google Scholar
(47) Overman, O. R. and Sanmann, F. P. (1926). The energy value of milk as related to its composition. Univ. Illinois Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 282.Google Scholar
(48) Haecker, T. L. (1914). Investigations in milk production. Univ. Minnesota Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 140.Google Scholar
(49) Armsby, The nutrition of farm animals. P. 491.Google Scholar
(50) Jordan, N.Y. (Geneva) Exp. Sta. Bulls. 132, 197Google Scholar
(51) Kellner, O. Die Ernäahrung der landw. Nutztiere. 6th ed. p. 551.Google Scholar
(52) Hayward, (1901–1902). Penn. Exp. Sta. Report, pp. 314–396.Google Scholar
(53) (1906 and 1907). Berttnimg 60 og 63 fra det danske ForsögslaboratoriumGoogle Scholar
(54) Möllgaard, H. See No. 15 above, pp. 153–4.Google Scholar
(55) Haeckeb, T. L. Minn. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bulls. 71, 79, 140.Google Scholar
(56) Woll, and Humphrey, (1910). Wisc. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 13.Google Scholar
(57) Fries, J. A., Braman, W. W. and Kriss, M. (1924).J. Dairy Sci. 7, 11–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(58) Forbes, E. B. and Swift, W. R. (1925). J. Dairy Sci. 8, 15–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(59) Hansson, Nils (1923). Fodermedlens nettoenergivarde. Landw. Hand, och Tidskrift. Stockholm.Google Scholar
(60) Hills, J. L., Beach, C. L., Borland, A. A., Washburn, R. M., Story, G. E. E. and Jones, C. H. The protein requirements of dairy cows. Vermont Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 225.Google Scholar
(61) Lindsey, (1906). Mass. Sta. Report, 18, 225–48.Google Scholar
(62) Kellner, O. (1911). 5 Internat. Kongress für Milchwirtschaft. See No. 48 above, pp. 493, 499.Google Scholar
(63) Meigs, E. B. and Converse, H. T. Energy requirements of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 8, 177–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(64) Savage, E. S. (1912). Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Sta. Bull. 323.Google Scholar
(65) Möllgaard, H. See No. 15 above, p. 163.Google Scholar