Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-sl7kg Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-11T09:47:42.195Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Production of acetolactate by Streptococcus diacetylactis and Leuconostoc spp.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2009

Kieran N. Jordan  and
Timothy M. Cogan
Kieran N. Jordan
Affiliation:
Moorepark Research Centre, The Agricultural Institute, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Irish Republic
Timothy M. Cogan
Affiliation:
Moorepark Research Centre, The Agricultural Institute, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Irish Republic
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The effect of several parameters on the decarboxylation of α-acetolactic acid (ALA) to diacetyl and acetoin was studied in model experiments. At temperatures > 50 °C, relatively more diacety1 than acetoin was produced. Regardless of temperature, HC1 increased the production of acetoin (58 mol% conversion at max.) and prevented the production of diacetyl. Steam distillation of ALA caused ~ 55 mol%/h conversion to acetoin and 7 mol%/h to diacetyl. Production of acetoin was proportional to the ALA concentration. Based on these results two methods for the quantitative measurement of ALA were developed. Only one of 17 strains of Streptococcus diacetylactis (Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetilactis, new nomenclature) and three of three strains of Leuconostoc spp. produced ALA. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Type
Original articles
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 55 , Issue 2 , May 1988 , pp. 227 - 238
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Cogan, T. M. 1975 Citrate utilization in milk by Leuconostoc cremoris and Streptococcus diacetilactis. Journal of Dairy Research 42 139–146CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cogan, T. M. 1981 Constitutive nature of the enzymes of citrate metabolism in Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis. Journal of Dairy Research 48 489–495CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cogan, T. M. 1982 Acetoin production and citrate metabolism in Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis. Irish Journal of Food Science & Technology 6, 69–78Google Scholar
Cogan, T. M., O'Dowd, M. & Mellerick, D. 1981 Effects of pH and sugar on acetoin production from citrate by Leuconostoc lactis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41 1–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collins, E. B. & Speckman, R. A. 1974 Evidence for cellular control in the synthesis of acetoin or α-ketoisovaleric acid by microorganisms. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 20 805–811CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Man, J. G. 1959 The formation of diacetyl and acetoin from α-acetolactic acid. Recueil des Travaux Chimiques du Pays-Bas 78 480–486CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Man, J. G., Rogosa, M. & Sharpe, M. E. 1960 A medium for the cultivation of lactobacilli. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 23 130–135CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drinan, D. F., Tobin, S. & Cogan, T. M. 1976 Citric acid metabolism in hetero- and homofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 31 481–486CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gawehn, K. & Bergmeyer, H. U. 1974 D-(–)-lactate. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, 2nd edn. vol. 3, pp. 1492–1495 (Ed. Bergmeyer, H. U.). New York: Verlag ChemieGoogle Scholar
Gollop, N., Barak, Z. & Chipman, D. M. 1987 A method for simultaneous determination of the two possible products of acetohydroxy acid synthase. Analytical Biochemistry 160 323–331CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gutmann, I. & Wahlefeld, A. W. 1974 L-( + )-lactate: determination with LDH and NAD. In Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, 2nd edn. vol. 3, pp. 1464–1468 (Ed. Bergmeyer, H. U.). New York: Verlag ChemieGoogle Scholar
Halpern, Y. S. & Umbarger, H. E. 1959 Evidence for two distinct enzyme Systems forming acetolactate in Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 234 3067–3071CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jönsson, H. & Pettersson, H.-E. 1977 Studies on the citric acid fermentation in lactic starter cultures with special interest in α-aceto-lactic acid. 2. Metabolic studies. Milchwissenschaft 32 587–594Google Scholar
Krampitz, L. O. 1957 Preparation and determination of acetoin, diacetyl and acetolactate. Methods in Enzymology 3 277–283CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marier, J. R. & Boulet, M. 1958 Direct determination of citric acid in milk with an improved pyridine-acetic anhydride method. Journal of Dairy Science 41 1683–1692CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prill, E. A. & Hammer, B. W. 1938 A colorimetric method for the microdetermination of biacetyl. lowa State College Journal of Science 12 385–395Google Scholar
Ronkainen, P., Brummer, S. & Suomalainen, H. 1970 Diacetyl and formic acid as decomposition products of 2–acetolactic acid. Acta Chemica Scandinavica 24 3404–3406CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandine, W. E., Elliker, P. R. & Hays, H. 1962 Cultural studies on Streptococcus diacetilactis and other members of the lactic streptococeus group. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 8 161–174CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seitz, E. W., Sandine, W. E., Elliker, P. R. & Day, E. A. 1963 Studies on diacetyl biosynthesis by Streptococcus diacetilactis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 9 431–441CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharpe, M. E. 1979 Identification of the lactic acid bacteria. In Identification Methods for Microbiologists, 2nd edn, pp. 233–259 (Eds Skinner, F. A. and Lovelock, D. W.). London: Academic Press (Society for Applied Bacteriology Technical Series No. 14)Google Scholar
Speckman, R. A. & Collins, E. B. 1968 Diacetyl biosynthesis in Streptococcus diacetilactis and Leuconostoc citrovorum. Journal of Bacteriology 95 174–180CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stadhouders, J. 1974 Dairy starter cultures. Milchwissenschaft 29 329–337Google Scholar
Störmer, F. C. 1967 Isolation of crystalline pH 6 acetolactate-forming enzyme from Aerobacter aerogenes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 242 1756–1759CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terzaghi, B. E. & Sandine, W. E. 1975 Improved medium for lactic streptococci and their bacteriophages. Applied Microbiology 29 807–813CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thornhill, P. J. & Cogan, T. M. 1984 Use of gas–liquid chromatography to determine the end products of growth of lactic acid bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47 1250–1254CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veringa, H. A., Van Den Berg, G. & Stadhouders, J. 1976 An alternative method for the production of cultured butter. Milchwissenschaft 31 658–662Google Scholar
Veringa, H. A., Verburg, E. H. & Stadhouders, J. 1984 Determination of diacetyl in dairy products containing α-acetolactic acid. Netherlands Milk and Dairy Journal 38 251–263Google Scholar
Walsh, B. & Cogan, T. M. 1973 Diacetyl, acetoin and acetaldehyde production by mixed-species lactic starter cultures. Applied Microbiology 26 820–825CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, B. & Cogan, T. M. 1974 a Separation and estimation of diacetyl and acetoin in milk. Journal of Dairy Research 41 25–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, B. & Cogan, T. M. 1974 b Further studies on the estimation of diacetyl by the methods of Prill and Hammer and Owades and Jakovac. Journal of Dairy Research 41 31–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westerfeld, W. W. 1945 A colorimetric determination of blood acetoin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 161 494–502CrossRefGoogle Scholar