Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T14:53:46.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of supplemental dietary fatty acids on milk yield and fatty acid composition in high and medium yielding cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 May 2008

Martin Riis Weisbjerg ,
Lars Wiking ,
Niels Bastian Kristensen  and
Peter Lund
Martin Riis Weisbjerg*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830Tjele, Denmark
Lars Wiking
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830Tjele, Denmark
Niels Bastian Kristensen
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830Tjele, Denmark
Peter Lund
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830Tjele, Denmark
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The present study tested the hypothesis that supplemental dietary fatty acids (FA) affect the energy corrected milk yield in proportion to the milk production level of dairy cows, and increase both long chain FA proportion of milk FA and milk fat globule diameter. Sixteen Danish Holstein cows were divided into four 4×4 Latin squares with two squares of medium yielding cows (32·2 kg energy corrected milk (ECM)/d; 158 days in milk (DIM)) and two squares of high yielding cows (40·0 kg ECM/d; 74 DIM). Experimental length was 12 weeks, with three weeks for each of the four periods. The four treatments were no supplementation (17 g FA/kg dry matter (DM)) and three diets with supplemented FA (29, 40, and 52 g total FA/kg DM, respectively) obtained by substituting barley with Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) fat. Diets were offered as total mixed rations with 63% grass/clover silage (DM basis). Dry matter intake decreased with increasing FA supplementation, but net energy intake was not affected. The general linear responses to 10 g/kg DM increase in FA level were 1·1 kg ECM (P<0·0001), 0·061 kg milk fat (P<0·0001), 0·012 kg milk protein (P=0·09) and 0·052 kg lactose (P=0·0002) per day, and linear responses in milk composition were 0·39 g fat (P=0·07), −0·71 g protein (P<0·0001) and 0·05 g lactose (P=0·3) per kg milk, and 0·092 μm (P<0·0001) in milk fat average globule diameter. Fatty acid supplementation decreased short- and medium-chain FA and C16:0 and increased C18:1 proportions of total FA in milk. Supplemental dietary FA increased ECM yield but not in proportion to production level as anticipated, and increased average FA chain length and milk fat globule diameter.

Keywords

Milk fat globule diameterfatfatty aciddairy cowsMilk composition
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 75 , Issue 2 , May 2008 , pp. 142 - 152
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Astrup, HN, Vik-Mo, L, Skrøvseth, O & Ekern, A 1980 Milk lipolysis when feeding saturated fatty acids to the cow. Milchwissenschaft 35 1–4Google Scholar
Åman, P & Hesselman, K 1984 Analysis of starch and other main constituents of cereal grains. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 14 135–139Google Scholar
Avila, CD, DePeters, EJ, Perez-Monti, H, Taylor, SJ & Zinn, RA 2000 Influences of saturation ratio of supplemental fat on digestion and milk yield in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 83 1505–1519CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, SM, DePeters, EJ, Taylor, SJ, Rosenberg, M, Perez-Monti, H & Capps, VA 2006 Milk composition of Holstein, Jersey, and Brown Swiss in response to increasing levels of dietary fat. Animal Feed Science and Technology 131 451–473CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y 1993 Dietary fat and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants, pigs, and rodents: A review. Journal of Dairy Science 76 3897–3931CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DePeters, EJ & Palmquist, DL 1990 Effect of fish meal and calcium salts of lang chain fatty acids on the nitrogen content of milk. Journal of Dairy Science 73 (supplement) 242Google Scholar
Doreau, M & Chilliard, Y 1997 Digestion and metabolism of dietary fat in farm animals. British Journal of Nutrition 78 13–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faulkner, A & Peaker, M 1982 Reviews of the progress of dairy science: secretion of citrate into milk. Journal of Dairy Science 49 159–169Google ScholarPubMed
Garnsworthy, PC, Masson, LL, Lock, AL & Mottram, TT 2006 Variation in milk citrate with stage of lactation and de novo synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89 1604–1612Google Scholar
Hansen, B 1989 Determination of nitrogen as elementary N, an alternative to Kjeldahl. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica 39 113–118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harfoot, CG & Hazlewood, GP 1988 Lipid metabolism in the rumen. In: Hobson, P. N. (Ed.) The rumen microbial ecosystem. Elsevier Appl. Sciences, London, 285–322Google Scholar
Hermansen, JE 1995 Prediction of milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows fed dietary fat differing in fatty acid composition. Journal of Dairy Science 78 872–879CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hvelplund, T, Weisbjerg, MR & Lund, P 2007 Energy and protein evaluation systems used for dairy cows in Denmark. Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology 16 129–131Google Scholar
International Dairy Federation 1991 Determination of FFA in milk and milk products. Bulletin 265 Brussels: FDI-IDFGoogle Scholar
Jacobsen, EE 1981 Sukker og stivelse (LHK). Ny analysemetode. Medd. fra Bioteknisk Institut ATV 98 39–54Google Scholar
Knarreborg, A, Lauritsen, C, Engberg, RM & Jensen, SK 2004 Dietary antibiotic growth promoters enhance the bioavailability of α-tocopheryl acetate in broilers by altering lipid absorption. Journal of Nutrition 134 1487–1492Google Scholar
Mertens, D 2002 Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal AOAC International 85 1217–1240Google ScholarPubMed
Michalski, MC, Gassi, JY, Famelart, MH, Leconte, N, Camier, B, Michel, F & Briard, V 2003 The size of native milk fat globules affects physico-chemical and sensory properties of Camembert cheese. Lait 83 131–143CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Michalski, MC, Camier, B, Briard, V, Leconte, N, Gassi, JY, Goudédranche, H, Michel, F & Fauquant, J 2004 The size of native milk fat globules affects physico-chemical and functional properties of Emmental cheese. Lait 84 343–358Google Scholar
NRC 2001 Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. Seventh revised edition, National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.381 ppGoogle Scholar
Onetti, SG & Grummer, RR 2004 Response of lactating cows to three supplemental fat sources as affected by forage in the diet and stage of lactation: a meta analysis of literature. Animal Feed Science and Technology 115 65–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Østergaard, V, Danfær, A, Daugaard, J, Hindhede, J, & Thysen, I 1981 Foderfedtets indflydelse på malkekøernes produktion [Influence of fat feeding on dairy cow production]. Beretning 508 fra Statens Husdyrbrugsforsøg, 140 ppGoogle Scholar
SAS 2001 Version 8.02. SAS Institute Inc., Cary NC, USAGoogle Scholar
Sjaunja, LO, Baevre, L, Junkkarinen, L, Pedersen, J, & Setala, J 1990 A Nordic proposal for an energy corrected milk (ECM) formula. In: EAAP Publication 50 – Performance Recording of Animals: state of the art. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation (PUDOC), Wageningen NL, pp. 156–157Google Scholar
Strudsholm, F, Aaes, O, Madsen, J, Kristensen, VF, Andersen, HR, Hvelplund, T & Østergaard, S 1999 Danske Fodernormer til Kvæg [Danish feeding recommendations for cattle]. Landsudvalget for Kvæg. Rapport Nr. 84, 47 ppGoogle Scholar
Stoldt, W 1952 Vorschlag zur Vereinheitlichung der Fettbestimmung in Lebensmitteln [Suggestion for a method for fat analysis in feeds]. Fette und Seifen 54 206–207Google Scholar
Tilley, JMA & Terry, RA 1963 A two-stage method for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of British Grassland Society 18 104–111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weisbjerg, MR & Børsting, CF 1989 Influence of fat and feed level on fibre digestibility in vitro and in sacco and on volatile fatty acid proportions in the rumen. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Supplementum 86 137–139Google ScholarPubMed
Weisbjerg, MR & Hvelplund, T 1993 Bestemmelse af nettoenergiindhold (FEK) i råvarer og kraftfoderblandinger [Determination of net energy lactation in straights and compound feedstuffs]. Forskningsrapport nr. 3, Statens Husdyrbrugsforsøg. 39 ppGoogle Scholar
Weisbjerg, MR, Børsting, CF & Hvelplund, T 1992a Fatty acid metabolism in the digestive tract of cows when tallow is fed in increasing amounts at two feed levels. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica Section A, Animal Science 42 106–114Google Scholar
Weisbjerg, MR, Hvelplund, T & Børsting, CF 1992b Digestibility of fatty acids in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows fed with tallow or saturated fats rich in stearic acid or palmitic acid. Acta Agricultura Scandinavica Section A, Animal Science 42 115–120Google Scholar
Wiking, L, Björck, L & Nielsen, JH 2003 Influence of feed on stability of fat globules during pumping of raw milk. International Dairy Journal 13 797–803CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiking, L, Stagsted, J, Björck, L & Nielsen, JH 2004 Milk fat globule size is affected by fat production in dairy cows. International Dairy Journal 14 909–913CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiking, L, Bertram, HC, Björck, L & Nielsen, JH 2005 Evaluation of cooling strategies for pumping of milk – Impact of fatty acid composition on free fatty acid levels. Journal of Dairy Research 72 476–481CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed