Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T04:46:35.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of different dosages of propylene glycol in dry cows and cows in early lactation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 September 2017

Michaela Maurer ,
Walter Peinhopf ,
Jutta Gottschalk ,
Almut Einspanier ,
Gabor Koeller  and
Thomas Wittek
Michaela Maurer*
Affiliation:
Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
Walter Peinhopf
Affiliation:
Dr VET – Veterinarians, Lebring, Austria
Jutta Gottschalk
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Leipzig, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Germany
Almut Einspanier
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Leipzig, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Germany
Gabor Koeller
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Leipzig, Clinic of Large Animal Veterinary Internal Medicine, Germany
Thomas Wittek
Affiliation:
Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this Research Paper we hypothesised that the temporary insulin resistance seen during the transition period in dairy cows may cause significant differences in the efficacy of PG at different sampling periods and that in some cases this effect will be dose dependent. Eighty four sampling sets were generated by studying 7 multiparous Holstein cows repeatedly at 4 sampling periods of 3 d length (dry cows: days 40, 39 and 38 antepartum; close up cows: days 10, 9 and 8 antepartum; fresh cows: days 3, 4 and 5 post-partum; lactating cows: days 38, 39 and 40 post-partum). On each of these days 3 h after morning feeding propylene glycol was drenched in different dosages of 100, 300 or 500 ml once per day (cross over study). The different doses were applied in an alternating order (Latin square). Blood samples were taken before, every 30 min up to 4 h, after 6 and 12 h after PG application. Following parameters have been measured: insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxybutyrate (BHB), bilirubin, cholesterol, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH). Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (RQUICKI) was calculated. It was found that glucose, insulin, NEFA, BHB, bilirubin and potassium concentrations were influenced differently by the three defined dosages of propylene glycol at four different sampling periods. Whereas RQUICKI, cholesterol, AST and GLDH did not differ between the sampling periods and treatments. The major results of the study are that the effect of PG is dose-dependent and that the effect of PG is depending on the time of application according to calving. It can be concluded that in fresh cows higher dosages are necessary to provoke similar effects in comparison to dry, close up and lactating cows. Although the study did not compare to topdressing of PG from the results it is reasonable to believe that bolus application of a specific PG volume is necessary to provoke the effect.

Keywords

Dairy cowpropylene glycolketosisinsulin
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 84 , Issue 4 , November 2017 , pp. 375 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © Hannah Research Foundation 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baird, GD, Heitzman, RJ & Hibbitt, KG 1972 Effects of starvation on intermediary metabolism in the lactating cow. A comparison with metabolic changes occurring during bovine ketosis. Biochemical Journal 128 1311–1318 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baynes, J & Dominiczak, MH 2014 Medical Biochemistry. Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, USA Google Scholar
Bergmeyer, H, Horder, M & Rej, R 1986 Approved recommendation (1985) on IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes. 2. IFCC method for aspartat-aminotransferase (L-aspartate-2-oxyglutarateaminotrandferase, EC-2611). Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 24 497–510 Google Scholar
Burtis, CA & Bruns, DE 2014 Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, USA Google Scholar
Christensen, JO, Grummer, RR, Rasmussen, FE & Bertics, SJ 1997 Effect of method of delivery of propylene glycol on plasma metabolites of feed-restricted cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 80 563–568 Google Scholar
Chung, Y, Brown, NE, Martinez, CM, Cassidy, TW & Varga, GA 2009 Effects of rumen-protected choline and dry propylene glycol on feed intake and blood parameters for Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 92 2729–2736 Google Scholar
Coiatelli, MG, Giordano, A, Sicilia, F, Moretti, P & Durel, L 2015 An attempt to prevent production diseases in dairy cows by intense monitoring and ad hoc treatment. Italian Journal of Animal Science 14 538–543 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cozzi, G, Berzaghi, P, Gottardo, F, Gabai, G & Andrighetto, I 1996 Effects of feeding propylene glycol to mid-lactating dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 64 43–51 Google Scholar
DeVries, GH, Mamunes, P, Miller, CD & Hayward, DM 1976 Quantitative determination of C 6: 0-C 18: 3 serum nonesterified fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography. Analytical Biochemistry 70 156–166 Google Scholar
Drackley, JK 1999 ADSA foundation scholar award: biology of dairy cows during the transition period: the final frontier? Journal of Dairy Science 82 2259–2273 Google Scholar
Eicher, R, Liesegang, A, Bouchard, E & Tremblay, A 1999 Effect of cow-specific factors and feeding frequency of concentrate on diurnal variations of blood metabolites in dairy cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60 1493–1499 Google Scholar
Emery, RS, Liesman, JS & Herdt, TH 1992 Metabolism of long chain fatty acids by ruminant liver. Journal of Nutrition 122 832–837 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greiling, H & Arndt, T 1995 Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry. Schattauer, Philadelphia, USA Google Scholar
Grummer, RR 1995 Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science 73 2820–2833 Google Scholar
Grummer, RR, Winkler, JC, Bertics, SJ & Studer, VA 1994 Effect of propylene glycol dosage during feed restriction on metabolites in blood of prepartum Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 77 3618–3623 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoedemaker, M, Prange, D, Zerbe, H, Frank, J, Daxenberger, A & Meyer, HHD 2004 Peripartal propylene glycol supplementation and metabolism, animal health, fertility, and production in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87 2136–2145 Google Scholar
Holtenius, P & Holtenius, K 2007 A model to estimate insulin sensitivity in dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 49 0147–0149 Google Scholar
Johnson, RB 1954 The treatment of ketosis with glycerol and propylene glycol. Cornell Veterinarian 44 6–21 Google Scholar
Krebs, HA 1966 Bovine ketosis. Veterinary Record 78 187–192 Google Scholar
Kristensen, NB & Raun, BML 2007 Ruminal and intermediary metabolism of propylene glycol in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90 4707–4717 Google Scholar
Lomander, H, Frössling, J, Ingvartsen, KL, Gustafsson, H & Svensson, C 2012 Supplemental feeding with glycerol or propylene glycol of dairy cows in early lactation-effects on metabolic status, body condition, and milk yield. Journal of Dairy Science 95 2397–2408 Google Scholar
Mahrt, A, Burfeind, O & Heuwieser, W 2014 Effects of time and sampling location on concentrations of ß-hydroxybutyric acid in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 97 291–298 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMurray, CH, Blanchflower, WJ & Rice, DA 1984 Automated kinetic method for D-3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma or serum. Clinical Chemistry 30 421–425 Google Scholar
Mikula, R, Nowak, W, Jaskowski, JM, Mackowiak, P, Pruszynska, E & Wlodarek, J 2008 Effects of propylene glycol supplementation on blood biochemical parameters in dairy cows. Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy 52 461–466 Google Scholar
Nielsen, NI & Ingvartsen, L 2004 Propylene glycol for dairy cows: a review of the metabolism of propylene glycol and its effects on physiological parameters, feed intake, milk production and risk of ketosis. Animal Feed Science and Technology 115 191–213 Google Scholar
Nielsen, NI, Ingvartsen, KL & Larsen, T 2003 Diurnal variation and the effect of feed restriction on plasma and milk metabolites in TMR-fed dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A: Physiology Pathology Clinical Medicine 50 88–97 Google Scholar
Perseghin, G, Caumo, A, Caloni, M, Testolin, G & Luzi, L 2001 Incorporation of the fasting plasma FFA concentration into QUICKI improves its association with insulin sensitivity in nonobese individuals. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 4776–4781 Google Scholar
Piantoni, P & Allen, MS 2015 Evaluation of propylene glycol and glycerol infusions as treatments for ketosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98 5429–5439 Google Scholar
Pickett, MM, Piepenbrink, MS & Overton, TR 2003 Effects of propylene glycol or fat drench on plasma metabolites, liver composition, and production of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 86 2113–2121 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauer, F, Erfle, J & Fisher, L 1973 Propylene glycol and glycerol as a feed additive for lactating dairy cows: an evaluation of blood metabolite parameters. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 53 265–271 Google Scholar
Schroeder, UJ & Staufenbiel, R 2006 Invited review: methods to determine body fat reserves in the dairy cow with special regard to ultrasonographic measurement of backfat thickness. Journal of Dairy Science 89 1–14 Google Scholar
Staufenbiel, R 1997 Evaluation of body condition in dairy cows by ultrasonographic measurement of back fat thickness. Practising Veterinarian 78 87–92 Google Scholar
Studer, VA, Grummer, RR, Bertics, SJ & Reynolds, CK 1993a Effect of prepartum propylene glycol administration on periparturient fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 76 2931–2939 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Studer, VA, Grummer, RR, Bertics, SJ & Reynolds, CK 1993b Effect of prepartum propylene glycol administration on periparturient fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 76 2931–2939 Google Scholar
Tatone, EH, Gordon, JL, LeBlanc, SJ & Duffield, TF 2015 Evaluation of a handheld device for measurement of ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration to identify prepartum dairy cattle at risk of developing postpartum hyperketonemia. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 246 1112–1117 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trabue, S, Scoggin, K, Tjandrakusuma, S, Rasmussen, MA & Reilly, PJ 2007 Ruminal fermentation of propylene glycol and glycerol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55 7043–7051 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vernon, RG 2005 Lipid metabolism during lactation: a review of adipose tissue-liver interactions and the development of fatty liver. Journal of Dairy Research 72 460–469 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wahlefel, AW, Bernt, E & Herz, G 1972 Modification of Malloy-Evelyn-method for a simple, reliable determination of total bilirubin in serum. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 29 11–12 Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Maurer et al supplementary material

Maurer et al supplementary material 1

Download Maurer et al supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 578.1 KB