Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T13:51:58.221Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of dietary inclusion of olive tree leaves and grape marc on the content of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in the milk of dairy sheep and goats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2008

Eleni Tsiplakou  and
Georgios Zervas
Eleni Tsiplakou*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
Georgios Zervas
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
*
*For correspondence; e-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Olive tree leaves (OTL) and grape marc (GM) are by-products with high linolenic (LNA) and linoleic (LA) acid content, respectively, which can be used as dietary ingredients to increase the cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk fat in sheep and goats. An experiment was conducted with 16 Friesian ewes and 16 Alpine goats to study the effect of OTL and GM inclusion in sheep and goat diets on their milk fatty acid profile, with emphasis on cis-9, trans-11 CLA and vaccenic acid (VA). Ewes and the goats were fed the control (C) diets from parturition to the 90 days in milk (DIM) and then both groups were divided into two sub-groups (treatments). The control groups of both species continued to be fed the C diets, whereas the treated groups were gradually switched over a 2-week period (DIM=91–105) from the C diets to that of treatment 1, which contained air-dried OTL. These OTL diets were fed ad libitum for 1 month (DIM=106–135). After that period, the same treated groups, after 2 weeks of gradual adaptation (DIM=136–150), were switched to treatment 2, which contained air-dried GM. The GM diets were fed ad libitum for 1 month (151–180 DIM). Concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids increased significantly in milk fat of sheep fed OTL v. C. For goats, only the PUFA in milk fat was increased by feeding OTL compared with C. Relative to C, GM increased significantly the concentration of PUFA only in milk fat of sheep. OTL and GM diets increased the cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA content in milk fat, compared with C, only in sheep. GM caused a sharp increase in 18:0 only in sheep milk fat, while the OTL diet increased significantly the 18:0 in milk fat of goats. GM and OTL diets also had opposite effects on the 18:1/18:0 ratio of sheep milk fat. In conclusion, OTL and GM, when included in sheep diets altered the milk fatty acid profile with a pronounced increase in cis-9, trans-11 CLA and VA contents. The results show that the response of sheep and goats to OTL and GM diets was different, suggesting a species difference that needs further investigation.

Keywords

Milk fatty acidsdietary manipulation
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Dairy Research , Volume 75 , Issue 3 , August 2008 , pp. 270 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © Proprietors of Journal of Dairy Research 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Addis, M, Pinna, G, Molle, G, Fiori, M, Spada, S, Decandia, M, Scintu, MF, Piredda, G & Pirisi, A 2006 The inclusion of a daisy plant (Chrysanthemun coronarium) in dairy sheep diet: 2. Effect on the volatile fraction of milk and cheese. Livestock Science 101 68–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Addis, M, Cabiddu, A, Pinna, G, Decandia, M, Piredda, G, Pirisi, A & Molle, G 2005 Milk and cheese fatty acid composition in sheep fed Mediterranean forages with reference to conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11. Journal of Dairy Science 88 3443–3454CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Antongiovanni, M, Mele, M, Buccioni, A, Petacchi, F, Serra, A, Mellis, MP, Cordeddu, L, Banni, S & Secchiari, PJ 2004 Effect of forage/concentrate ratio and oil supplementation on C18:1 and CLA isomers in milk fat from Sarda ewes. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 13 Suppl. 1 669–672CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atti, N, Rouissi, H & Othmane, MH 2006 Milk production, milk fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in dairy ewes raised on feedlot or grazing pasture. Livestock Science 104 121–127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists International 1984 Official Methods of Analysis 14th Edition, Arlington VA USA:AOACGoogle Scholar
Bauman, DE, Baumgard, LH, Corl, BA & Griinari, JM 2000 Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in ruminants. Proceedings American Society Animal Science 1999. http://www.asas.org/jas/symposia/procceedings/0937.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, DE, Corl, BA & Peterson, DG 2003 The biology of conjugated linoleic acids in ruminants. In Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2, pp. 146–173 (Eds Sebedio, J, Christie, WW & Adlof, RO). Champaign IL, USA: AOCS PressGoogle Scholar
British Standards Institution 1955 Gerber method for the determination of fat in milk products, BS 696. London, UK: BSIGoogle Scholar
Cabiddu, A, Decandia, M, Addis, M, Piredda, G, Pirisi, A & Molle, G 2005 Managing Mediterranean pastures in order to enhance the level of beneficial fatty acids in sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research 59 169–180CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Mansbridge, RM & Doreau, M 2000 Ruminant milk fat plasticity: Nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Annual Zootechnical 49 181–205CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, L, Rouel, J & Lamberet, G 2003 A review of nutritional and physiological factors affecting goat milk lipid synthesis and lipolysis. Journal of Dairy Science 86 1751–1770CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y & Ferlay, A 2004 Dietary lipids and forages interactions on cow and goat milk fatty acid composition and sensory properties. Reproduction Nutrition Development 44 467–492CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y, Glasser, F, Ferlay, A, Bernard, L, Rouel, J & Doreau, M 2007 Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 109 825–855CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fegeros, K 1985 Study of the Nutritive Value of Grape Marc in Ruminants. Ph.D. Thesis Agricultural University of AthensGoogle Scholar
International Dairy Federation 1993 Determination of the nitrogen content of milk, Kjeldahl Method, International Standard FID-IDF 20b, Part 1, BrusselsGoogle Scholar
Jahreis, G, Fritsche, J, Mockel, P, Schone, G, Moller, U & Steinhart, H 1999 The potential anticarcinogenic conjugated linoleic acid cis-9, trans-11 C18:2, in milk of different species: cow, goat, ewe, sow, mare, woman. Nutrition Research 19 1541–1549CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsson, S, Berkgvist, C & Wolk, A 2005 High-fat dairy food and congugated linoleic acid intakes in relation to colorectal cancer incidence in the Swedish Mammography cohort. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 82 894–900CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonardi, C, Stevenson, M & Armentano, LE 2003 Effect of two levels of crude protein and methionine supplementation on performance of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86 4033–4042CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lock, A & Garnsworthy, L 2003 Seasonal variation in milk conjugated linoleic acid and Δ−9 desaturase activity in dairy cows. Livestock Production Science 79 47–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martín, García AI, Yáñez Ruiz, DR & Molina Alcalde, E 2003 Chemical composition and nutrients availability for goats and sheep of two-stage olive cake and olive leaves. Animal Feed Science and Technology 107 61–74CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuire, M & McGuire, M 2000 Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): A ruminant fatty acid with beneficial effects on human health. Proceedings American Society Animal Science. http//www.asas.org/jas/symposia/proceedings/0938.pdfGoogle Scholar
Mosley, EE & McGuire, AM 2003 The use of 13C labelled fatty acids to study milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87 (Suppl. 1) 206 (Abstr)Google Scholar
Nudda, A, Battacone, G, Usai, MG, Fancellu, S & Pulina, G 2006 Supplementation with extruded linseed cake affects concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in goat milk. Journal of Dairy Science 89 277–282CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nudda, A, McGuire, MA, Battacone, G & Pulina, G 2005 Seasonal variation in conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid in milk fat of sheep and its transfer to cheese and Ricotta. Journal of Dairy Science 88 1311–1319CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russel, AJF, Doney, JM & Gunn, RG 1969 Subjective assessment of fat in live sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 72 451–454CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stockdale, CR, Walker, GP, Wales, WJ, Dalley, DE, Birkett, A, Shen, Z & Doyle, PT 2003 Influence of pasture and concentrates in the diet of grazing dairy cows on the fatty acid composition of milk. Journal of Dairy Research 70 267–276CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsiplakou, E, Mountzouris, KC & Zervas, G 2006a Concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in grazing sheep and goat milk fat. Livestock Science 103 74–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsiplakou, E, Mountzouris, KC & Zervas, G 2006b The effect of breed, stage of lactation and parity on sheep milk fat CLA content under the same feeding practices. Livestock Science 105 162–167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ulbricht, TLV & Southgate, DAT 1991 Coronary heart disease: Seven dietary factors. Lancet 338 985–992CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB & Lewis, BA 1991 Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74 3583–3597CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ 1997 Interactions of feeding behaviour and forage composition. In Proceedings of the IV International Conference on Goats. Volume II, Brazilia, Brazil, pp. 971–987Google Scholar
Williams, CM 2000 Dietary fatty acids and human health. Annual Zootechical 49 165–180CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, R, Mustafa, AF & Zhao, X 2006 Effects of flaxseed supplementation to lactating ewes on milk composition, cheese yield, and fatty acid composition of milk and cheese. Small Ruminant Research 63 233–241CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zervas, G, Fegeros, K, Michalochristas, D & Vastardis, I 1993 Nutritive evaluation of olive tree leaves for sheep. Animal Science Review 17 39–55 (In Greek)Google Scholar
Zervas, G, Kalaisakis, P & Fegeros, K 2004 Animal Nutrition and Feeding, pp. 243–249. Athens, Greece: Stamoulis PressGoogle Scholar