Rethinking innateness (RI) is a quixotic book, enthusiastic and visionary. It is hard not to be provoked as each author races full tilt towards their chosen combat. Some readers, like Fodor (1997), respond in kind. Rispoli is more measured. Nonetheless, every reader chooses their own windmills to elevate into giants, and each believes their battle righteous. Are Elman et al. ‘building castles in the air’, or is Rispoli ‘taking the wrong sow by the ear’?