Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T23:24:33.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Visual sequential processing and language ability in children who are deaf or hard of hearing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2019

Michelle A. GREMP*
Affiliation:
Eastern Kentucky University
Joanne A. DEOCAMPO
Affiliation:
Georgia State University
Anne M. WALK
Affiliation:
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagne
Christopher M. CONWAY
Affiliation:
Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska
*
*Corresponding author. College of Education, Eastern Kentucky University, 521 Lancaster Avenue, Richmond, KY 40475. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This study investigated the role of sequential processing in spoken language outcomes for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH), ages 5;3–11;4, by comparing them to children with typical hearing (TH), ages 6;3–9;7, on sequential learning and memory tasks involving easily nameable and difficult-to-name visual stimuli. Children who are DHH performed more poorly on easily nameable sequencing tasks, which positively predicted receptive vocabulary scores. Results suggest sequential learning and memory may underlie delayed language skills of many children who are DHH. Implications for language development in children who are DHH are discussed.

Type
Brief Research Reports
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bebko, J. M., & McKinnon, E. E. (1990). The language experience of deaf children: its relation to spontaneous rehearsal in a memory task. Child Development, 62, 1744–52.Google Scholar
Bharadwaj, S. V., Matzke, P. L., & Daniel, L. L. (2012). Multi-sensory processing in children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 76(6), 890–5.Google Scholar
Bharadwaj, S.V., & Mehta, J. A. (2016). An exploratory study of visual sequential processing in children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 85, 158–65.Google Scholar
Blamey, P. J., Sarant, J. Z., Paatsch, L. E., Barry, J. G., Bow, C. P., Wales, R. J., … Tooher, R. (2001). Relationships among speech perception, production, language, hearing loss, and age in children with impaired hearing. Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 44, 264–85.Google Scholar
Conway, C. M. (2012). Sequential learning. In Seel, R. M. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the sciences of learning (pp. 3047–50). New York: Springer Publications.Google Scholar
Conway, C. M., Bauernschmidt, A., Huang, S. S., & Pisoni, D. B. (2010). Implicit statistical learning in language processing: word predictability is the key. Cognition, 114, 356–71.Google Scholar
Conway, C. M., Karpicke, J., Anaya, E. M., Henning, S. C., Kronenberger, W. G., & Pisoni, D. B. (2011). Nonverbal cognition in deaf children following cochlear implantation: motor sequencing disturbances mediate language delays. Developmental Neuropsychology, 36, 237–54.Google Scholar
Conway, C. M., Pisoni, D. B., Anaya, E. M., Karpicke, J., & Henning, S. C. (2011). Implicit sequence learning in deaf children with cochlear implants. Developmental Science, 14, 6982.Google Scholar
Conway, C. M., Pisoni, D. B., & Kronenberger, W. G. (2009). The importance of sound for cognitive sequencing abilities: the auditory scaffolding hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 275–9.Google Scholar
Dawson, P. W., Busby, P. A., McKay, C. M., & Clark, G. M. (2002). Short-term auditory memory in children using cochlear implants and its relevance to receptive language. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 45, 789801.Google Scholar
Deocampo, J. A., Smith, G. N. L., Kronenberger, W. G., Pisoni, D. B., & Conway, C. M. (2018). The role of statistical learning in understanding and treating spoken language outcomes in deaf children with cochlear implants. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49, 723–39.Google Scholar
Dunn, L. M., & Dunn, D. M. (2007). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – fourth edition. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc.Google Scholar
Edwards, L., & Anderson, S. (2014). The association between visual, nonverbal cognitive abilities and speech, phonological processing, vocabulary and reading outcomes in children with cochlear implants. Ear & Hearing, 35, 366–74.Google Scholar
Gathercole, S. E., Willis, C. S., Baddeley, A. D., & Emslie, H. (1994). The children's test of nonword repetition: a test of phonological working memory. Memory, 2, 103–27.Google Scholar
Geers, A. E., Nicholas, J. G., & Moog, J. S. (2007). Estimating the influence of cochlear implantation on language development in children. Audiological Medicine, 5, 262–73.Google Scholar
Hall, M. L., Eigsti, I.-M., Bortfeld, H., & Lillo-Martin, D. (2017). Auditory deprivation does not impair executive function but language deprivation might: evidence from a parent-report measure in deaf native signing children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 22(1), 921.Google Scholar
Harris, M. C., Kronenberger, W. G., Gao, S., Hoen, H. M., Miyamoto, R. T., & Pisoni, D. B. (2013). Verbal short-term memory development and spoken language outcomes in deaf children with cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing, 34, 179–92.Google Scholar
Johnson, C., & Goswami, U. (2010). Phonological awareness, vocabulary, and reading in deaf children with cochlear implants. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 53, 237–61.Google Scholar
Karpicke, J. D., & Pisoni, D. B. (2004). Using immediate memory span to measure implicit learning. Memory & Cognition, 32(6), 956–64.Google Scholar
Kaufman, S. B., DeYoung, C. G., Gray, J. R., Jimenez, L., Brown, J., & Mackintosh, N. (2010). Implicit learning as an ability. Cognition, 116, 321–40.Google Scholar
Kral, A., Kronenberger, W. G., Pisoni, D. B., & O'Donoghue, G. M. (2016). Neurocognitive factors in sensory restoration of early deafness: a connectome model. The Lancet Neurology, 15(6), 610–21.Google Scholar
Lederberg, A. R., Schick, B., & Spencer, P. E. (2013). Language and literacy development of deaf and hard-of-hearing children: successes and challenges. Developmental Psychology, 49, 1530.Google Scholar
Ling, A. H. (1975). Memory for verbal and nonverbal auditory sequences in hearing-impaired and normal-hearing children. Journal of the American Audiology Society, 1, 3745.Google Scholar
Logan, K., Maybery, M., & Fletcher, J. (1996). The short-term memory of profoundly deaf people for words, signs, and abstract spatial stimuli. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 105–19.Google Scholar
MacSweeney, M., Campbell, R., & Donlan, C. (1996). Varieties of short-term memory coding in deaf teenagers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1, 249–62.Google Scholar
Marshuetz, C. (2005). Order information in working memory: an integrative review of evidence from brain and behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 131(3), 323–39.Google Scholar
McDaniel, E. (1980). Visual memory in the deaf. American Annals of the Deaf, 125, 1720.Google Scholar
Nissen, M. J., & Bullemer, P. (1987). Attentional requirements of learning: evidence from performance measures. Cognitive Psychology, 19, 132.Google Scholar
Page, P. A., Cumming, N., Norris, D., Hitch, G. J., & McNeil, A. M. (2006). Repetition learning in the immediate serial recall of visual and auditory materials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 716–33.Google Scholar
Parasnis, I., Samar, V. J., Bettger, J. G., & Sathe, K. (1996). Does deafness lead to enhancement of visual spatial cognition in children? Negative evidence from deaf nonsigners. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 1, 146–52.Google Scholar
Perruchet, P., & Pacton, S. (2006). Implicit learning and statistical learning: one phenomenon, two approaches. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 233–8.Google Scholar
Pisoni, D. B. (1999). Individual differences in effectiveness of cochlear implants in children who are prelingually deaf: new process measures of performance. Volta Review, 101, 111–65.Google Scholar
Pisoni, D. B., & Cleary, M. (2004). Learning, memory and cognitive processes in deaf children following cochlear implantation. In Zeng, F. G., Popper, A. N., & Fay, R. R. (Eds.), Handbook of auditory research: auditory prosthesis, Vol. 20 (pp. 377426). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
Pisoni, D. B., Kronenberger, W. G., Chandramouli, S. H., & Conway, C. M. (2016). Learning and memory processes following cochlear implantation: the missing piece of the puzzle. Frontiers in Psychology, 7:493. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00493.Google Scholar
Pisoni, D. D., & Geers, A. E. (2000). Working memory in deaf children with cochlear implants: correlations between digit span and measures of spoken language processing. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology: Supplement, 185, 92–3.Google Scholar
Reber, A. (1967). Implicit learning of artificial grammars. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 855–63.Google Scholar
Rosas, R., Ceric, F., Tenorio, M., Mourgues, C., Thibaut, C., Hurtado, E., & Aravena, M. T. (2010). ADHD children outperform normal children in an artificial grammar implicit learning task: ERP and RT evidence. Consciousness and Cognition, 19, 341–51.Google Scholar
Saffran, J. R., Johnson, E. K., Aslin, R. N., & Newport, E. L. (1999). Statistical learning of tone sequences by human infants and adults. Cognition, 70, 2752.Google Scholar
Sharma, A., & Dorman, M. (2006). Central auditory development in children with cochlear implants: clinical implications. Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 64, 6688.Google Scholar
Sterritt, G. M., Camp, B. W., & Lipman, B. S. (1966). Effects of early auditory deprivation upon auditory and visual information processing. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2, 123–30.Google Scholar
Torkildsen, J., Arciuli, J., Haukedal, C. L., & Wie, O. B. (2018). Does a lack of auditory experience affect sequential learning? Cognition, 170, 123–9.Google Scholar
Uddén, J., & Bahlmann, J. (2012). A rostro-caudal gradient of structured sequence processing in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 367, 2023–32.Google Scholar
Ulanet, P. G., Carson, C. M., Mellon, N. K., Niparko, J. K., & Ouelette, M. (2014). Correlation of neurocognitive processing subtypes with language performance in young children with cochlear implants. Cochlear Implants International, 15, 230–40.Google Scholar
Watson, D. R., Titterington, J., Henry, A., & Toner, J. G. (2007). Auditory sensory memory and working memory processes in children with normal hearing and cochlear implants. Audiology and Neurotology, 12, 6576.Google Scholar
Willstedt-Svensson, U., Löfqvist, A., Almqvist, B., & Sahlén, B. (2004). Is age at implant the only factor that counts? The influence of working memory on lexical and grammatical development in children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Audiology, 43(9), 506–15.Google Scholar