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³⁸ Richard Jebb to Alfred Deakin, 23 May 1907, Alfred Deakin Papers, 1/1686, National Library of Australia (NLA), Canberra.

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⁵⁰ Manning, “Foreign News Gathering,” 5, 192.

⁵¹ This tendency drove, for example, the New World Information and Communication Order campaign of the 1970s. See Herman and McChesney, The Global Media, 22–25. We should not assume, however, that print was not used by indigenous peoples to pursue their own interests. See Ballantyne, Orientalism and Race, 146–68.

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⁵⁸ Department of External Affairs prepared answers for Postmaster General, ca. July 1912, A1 1916/24780, National Archives of Australia (NAA), ACT branch, Canberra.

⁵⁹ “Weekly International Returns, Pacific Cable Board,” n.d., RG3, vol. 681, file 112159, LAC.

⁶⁰ Keith Murdoch to Theodore Fink, 20 September 1920, Sir Keith Murdoch Papers, box 4, ser. 3, file 5, NLA; Murdoch to Fink, 19 April 1921, Sir Keith Murdoch Papers, box 5, ser. 3, file 6, NLA.

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⁷⁷ Cuttings of “Case That Demands Answer,” Wellington Evening Post, 12 August 1944; and “The Use and Abuse of Censorship,” Nelson Evening Mail, 15 August 1944, both in MS-0982/163, HL. See also “Papers Re: Debate Contrasting Censorship in New Zealand and Britain,” MS-0982/682, HL.

⁷⁸ “Visit to Australia—L. W. Brockington,” control symbol 353/2/63, NAA, ACT branch, Canberra; and “Brockington, L. W., Visit of,” control symbol M98, SP112/1, NAA, ACT branch, Canberra.

⁷⁹ “Talk by Mr. L. W. Brockington K.C., to Be Radio-Telephoned to BBC,” 23 March 1943; “Talk for the BBC by Mr. L. W. Brockington K.C.,” 27 April [1943], both in SP300/1, box 11, NAA, NSW branch, Sydney. See also Sydney Morning Herald, 12 April and 11 May 1943. Brockington's Canadian broadcasts were also heard by, and would have been partly aimed at, audiences in the United States.

⁸⁰ Leonard Brockington, “Calling Australia,” 20 June 1943, SP300/1, box 11, NAA, NSW branch, Sydney. To some extent, Brockington drew on the theme of a “people's empire” discussed in Webster, Wendy, Englishness and Empire, 1939–1965 (Oxford, 2005)Google Scholar.

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⁸² “The Nation and the Press,” Transvaal Leader, 1 October 1908.

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