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²⁸ Proceedings of the Imperial War Conference, 13th Day (19 July 1918), 4, The National Archives (TNA): PRO WO 32/11404. For a thorough discussion of the tensions between the Canadian military and British government, see Buckley, Suzann, “The Failure to Resolve the Problem of Venereal Disease among the Troops in Britain during World War I,” in War and Society: A Yearbook of Military History, ed. Bond, Brian and Roy, Ian (London, 1977)Google Scholar. For further discussions of venereal disease in wartime Britain, see: Beardsley, Edward H., “Allied against Sin: American and British Responses to Venereal Diseases in World War I,” Medical History 20, no. 2 (April 1976): 189–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hall, Lesley, Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality, 1900–1950 (Cambridge, 1991)Google Scholar and “‘War Always Brings It On’: War, STDs, the Military, and the Civilian Population in Britain, 1850–1950,” in Medicine and Modern Warfare, ed. Cooter, Roger, Harrison, Mark, and Sturdy, Steve (Amsterdam, 2000)Google Scholar; Harrison, Mark, “The British Army and the Problem of Venereal Disease in France and Egypt during the First World War,” Medical History 39, no. 2 (April 1995): 133–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sauerteig, Lutz D. H., “Sex, Medicine, and Morality during the First World War,” in War, Medicine, and Modernity, 1860–1945, ed. Cooter, Roger, Harrison, Mark, and Sturdy, Steve (Stroud, 1996), 167–88Google Scholar.

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³⁰ “The Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases,” 583. Infection rates in the British Expeditionary Force in France and Flanders between 1914 and 1918, and the problem of underreporting, is discussed by Harrison, “The British Army and the Problem of Venereal Disease in France and Egypt during the First World War,” 145.

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³⁹ Donkin, “The Fight against Venereal Infection,” 587. For a good overview of the state of sex education in twentieth-century Britain, see Cook, Hera, The Long Sexual Revolution: English Women, Sex, and Contraception, 1800–1975 (Oxford, 2004), esp. 165–206Google Scholar.

⁴⁰ White, Synopsis of the Final Report of the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases, 52; “The Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases,” 582.

⁴¹ For an excellent study of public exhibition of cinema during the First World War, see Hammond, Michael, The Big Show: British Cinema Culture in the Great War, 1914–1918 (Exeter, 2006)Google Scholar.

⁴² Brownlow, Behind the Mask of Innocence, 64.

⁴³ Ibid., 63.

⁴⁴ Bourke, Joanna, Dismembering the Male: Men’s Bodies, Britain, and the Great War (Chicago, 1996), 156Google Scholar.

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⁵⁵ Ibid., 186.

⁵⁶ Gotto, “The Changing Moral Standard,” 724; The Times (December 1917), as cited in Lucy Bland and Frank Mort, “Look Out for the ‘Good Time’ Girl: Dangerous Sexualities as a Threat to National Health,” in Formations Editorial Collective, Formations of Nation and People (London, 1984), 140Google Scholar.

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⁶¹ Ibid., 704. In his brief statement on aspects of the film’s production, Joseph Best makes no mention of casting. Presumably, the film’s graphic depiction of female solicitation precluded the use of women under the age of consent. The greater sexual danger in “Whatsoever a Man Soweth” comes from the professional prostitute, who is known for receiving payment for her services.

⁶² Harrison, Medical Practitioners and the Management of Venereal Diseases in the Civil Community, 11.

⁶³ Kuhn, Annette, Cinema, Censorship, and Sexuality, 1909–1925 (London, 1988), 104Google Scholar. Kuhn offers excellent close readings of several commercial films produced in the United States, including “Damaged Goods” (1915), “The End of the Road” (1918), and “Fit to Fight” (1918).

⁶⁴ Harrison, Medical Practitioners and the Management of Venereal Diseases in the Civil Community, 12; Stopes, Marie, Truth about Venereal Disease: A Practical Handbook on a Subject of Most Urgent National Importance (London, 1921), 46Google Scholar.

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⁶⁷ White, Synopsis of the Final Report of the Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases, 52.

⁶⁸ “The Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases,” 582.

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⁷⁷ Sir Archdall Reid, New Statesman (15 November 1919), cited by Stopes, Truth about Venereal Disease, 47.

⁷⁸ Gotto, “The Changing Moral Standard,” 718.

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⁸⁰ Paget, The Royal Commission on Venereal Diseases, 10; Ostherr, Cinematic Prophylaxis; Champneys, “The Fight against Venereal Disease,” 1052.

⁸¹ Champneys, “The Fight against Venereal Disease,” 1045.

⁸² Mort, Dangerous Sexualities, 30.

⁸³ Dixon, BFI pamphlet, 16.

⁸⁴ Ibid.

⁸⁵ Champneys, “The Fight against Venereal Disease,” 1048, 53.

⁸⁶ Ibid., 1048.

⁸⁷ These lines appear in a slightly different version as “The Price He Paid,” in Wheeler, Ella Wilcox, Poems of Problems (London, 1914), 27–29Google Scholar.

⁸⁸ Stopes, Truth about Venereal Disease, 52.

⁸⁹ Ibid., 47.

⁹⁰ Ibid., 48.

⁹¹ P.P. 1916, Cd. 8189, Royal Commission on Venereal Disease: Final Report of the Commissioners; Donkin, “The Fight against Venereal Infection,” 593.

⁹² Harrison, Medical Practitioners and the Management of Venereal Diseases in the Civil Community, 10.

⁹³ Donkin, “The Fight against Venereal Infection,” 585. A thorough discussion of the queer engagement with sexual shame is beyond the scope of this article; important work includes: Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity (Durham, NC, 2003)Google Scholar; Halperin, David M. and Traub, Valerie, eds., Gay Shame (Chicago, 2009)Google Scholar.

⁹⁴ Champneys, , “The Fight against Venereal Disease,” 1052. Numerous scholars have examined social constructions of manliness and sexual self-control. See, for instance, Lesley Hall’s examination of the literature from nineteenth-century social purity movements that believed in limiting sexual expression to the married; see Lesley Hall, “Forbidden by God, Despised by Men: Masturbation, Medical Warnings, Moral Panic and Manhood in Great Britain, 1850–1950,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 2, no. 3 (January 1992): 365–87Google Scholar.

⁹⁵ Marcus, “Queer Theory for Everyone,” 213.

⁹⁶ Halperin, How to Do the History of Homosexuality, 105.

⁹⁷ Freccero, Carla, “Queer Times,” South Atlantic Quarterly 106, no. 3 (2007): 485CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Jakobsen, Janet R., “Queer Is? Queer Does? Normativity and the Problem of Resistance,” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4, no. 4 (1998): 518Google Scholar.

⁹⁸ Berlant and Warner, “Sex in Public,” 554.

⁹⁹ Ibid., 552.

¹⁰⁰ For a longer discussion of these methodological difficulties, see Laura Doan, Disturbing Practices: History, Sexuality, and Women’s Experience of Modern War (Chicago, forthcoming).