¹ London Gazette, 92 (27 September–1 October 1666). For his committal, The National Archives (hereafter TNA) C202/58/7. The Earl of Arlington was secretary of state.

² Heath, James, continued by J. P., A chronicle of the late intestine war … to which is added a continuation to … 1675 (London, 1676), 555 Google Scholar; An Historical Narrative of the Great and Terrible Fire of London (London, 1769), 47–48 Google Scholar; Thomas, Henry, The Wards of London, 2 vols. (London, 1828), 1:219Google Scholar.

³ Bell, Walter G., The Great Fire of London in 1666 (London, 1920), 241–42Google Scholar; Peets, Elbert, “Famous Town Planners: IV. The Plans for Rebuilding London in 1666,” Town Planning Review 14, no. 1 (May 1930): 13–30, at 23CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also Perks, Sydney, Essays on Old London (Cambridge, 1927), 45 Google Scholar; Rasmussen, Steen Eiler, London: the Unique City (London, 1937), 111–12, 117–18Google Scholar.

⁴ See, for example, Wall, Cynthia, The Literary and Cultural Spaces of Restoration London (Cambridge, 1998), 39, 41Google Scholar; Hanson, Julienne, “Order and Structure in Urban Design: The Plans for the Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire of 1666,” Ekistics 56, nos. 334–35 (January–April 1989): 22–44 Google Scholar, at 31–33; Tinniswood, Adrian, By Permission of Heaven: The Story of the Great Fire of London (London, 2003), plate 19Google Scholar; Porter, Stephen, The Great Fire of London (Stroud, 1996), 103 Google Scholar.

⁵ See, for example, Spreiregen, Paul D., Urban Design: The Architecture of Towns and Cities (New York, 1965), 23 Google Scholar; Reps, John W., The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States (Princeton, 2002), 15 Google Scholar.

⁶ See, above all, Bell, The Great Fire of London in 1666; Reddaway, T. F., The Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire (London, 1940)Google Scholar.

⁷ Bell, The Great Fire of London in 1666, 241; idem, Fleet Street in Seven Centuries (London, 1912); Who was Who?, s.n., http://www.ukwhoswho.com/; Peets, “Famous Town Planners,” 24.

⁸ “Editorial Note,” Town Planning Review 1, no. 1 (April 1910): 1–4, at 2Google ScholarPubMed; Abercrombie, Patrick, “Wren's Plan for London after the Great Fire,” Town Planning Review 10, no. 2 (May 1923): 71–78, at 71CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁹ Pincus, Steven, “‘Coffee Politicians Does Create’: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture,” Journal of Modern History 67, no. 4 (December 1995): 807–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Raymond, Joad, “The Newspaper, Public Opinion, and the Public Sphere in the Seventeenth Century,” Prose Studies 21, no. 2 (July 1998): 109–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Lake, Peter and Pincus, Steven, eds., The Politics of the Public Sphere in Early Modern England (Manchester, 2007)Google Scholar.

¹⁰ Habermas, Jürgen, The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, trans. Burger, Thomas (Cambridge, 1992), 29–33, 38–43Google Scholar. See also note 13 below.

¹¹ Seventeenth-century British architectural history remains more concerned with questions of patronage and magnificence, see, for example, Mowl, Timothy and Earnshaw, Brian, Architecture without Kings: The Rise of Puritan Classicism under Cromwell (Manchester, 1995)Google Scholar; Stevenson, Christine, The City and the King: Architecture and Politics in Restoration London (New Haven, 2013)Google Scholar; Harris, Eileen and Savage, Nicholas, British Architectural Books and Writers, 1556–1785 (London, 1990)Google Scholar.

¹² Bonehill, John, “‘The Centre of Pleasure and Magnificance’: Paul and Thomas Sandby's London,” Huntington Library Quarterly 75, no. 3 (Autumn 2012): 365–92, at 390Google Scholar.

¹³ Eagleton, Terry, The Function of Criticism (London, 1984)Google Scholar; Solkin, David, Painting for Money: The Visual Arts and the Public Sphere in Eighteenth-Century England (New Haven, 1993)Google Scholar, esp. the introduction and chap. 1; Klein, Lawrence E., Shaftesbury and the Culture of Politeness: Moral Discourse and Cultural Politics in Early Eighteenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, esp. the introduction.

¹⁴ Craske, Matthew, “From Burlington Gate to Billingsgate: James Ralph's Attempt to Impose Burlingtonian Classicism as a Canon of Public Taste,” in Articulating British Classicism, ed. Arciszewska, Barbara and McKellar, Elizabeth (Aldershot, 2004), 97–118, at 115Google Scholar; Ogborn, Miles, “Designs on the City: John Gwynn's Plans for Georgian London,” Journal of British Studies 43, no. 1 (January 2004): 15–39, at 19, 26CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also Bonehill, “Centre of Pleasure”; Dodsworth, F. M., “Shaping the City, Shaping the Subject: Honour, Affect and Agency in John Gwynn's London and Westminster improved (1766),” in Portraits of the City: Dublin and the Wider World, ed. O'Brien, Gillian and O'Kane, Finola (Dublin, 2012), 76–90 Google Scholar; White, Jerry, “City Rivalries and the Modernisation of Eighteenth-Century London, 1720–1779,” Literatur in Wissenschaft und Unterricht 43, nos. 2–3 (2010): 83–101 Google Scholar.

¹⁵ For a recent bold reframing of how we historicize the Great Fire, see Garrioch, David, “1666 and London's Fire History: A Re-evaluation,” Historical Journal 59, no. 2 (June 2016): 319–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁶ English Short Title Catalogue (hereafter ESTC) nos. R25444, R224586, R206528, R41646, and R29936.

¹⁷ These are Wing K693 (double counted as ESTC R224586 and R41646) and K694 (ESTC R29936).

¹⁸ TNA, SP29/179/97. It has no Wing number and is ESTC R206528.

¹⁹ Valentine Knight, Proposals of a new Model for Rebuilding the City of LONDON (n.d.) was produced in 1749–50. The Huntington Library copy is Wing K694A, it has the ESTC number R25444, and it is on Early English Books Online. Cataloguers followed the date on Knight's proposal: “20 September 1666.” Some are correcting this: Prints and Drawings, k1268420, London Metropolitan Archives (hereafter LMA).

²⁰ Knight, Proposals. This caption is often cropped.

²¹ The hearth tax was farmed for between £145,000 and £170,000 p.a., Chandaman, C. D., The English Public Revenue 1660–1688 (Oxford, 1975), 92 Google Scholar.

²² Charles II, His Majestie's Declaration to His City of London, Upon occasion of the late Calamity by the Lamentable Fire (London, 1666), 2.

²³ Letter to Lord Conway, TNA, SP29/450/36. See also HMC Hastings II, 369–72.

²⁴ Journal of Common Council (hereafter Jnl) 46, fol. 120, LMA.

²⁵ The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg, vol. 3, 1666, ed. A. Rupert Hall and Marie Boas Hall (Madison, 1966), 226. See also E. Bedel to John Locke, 10 September 1666, The Correspondence of John Locke, ed. E. S. de Beer, 8 vols. (Oxford, 1976–89), 1:293.

²⁶ The Diary of John Evelyn, ed. de Beer, E. S., 6 vols. (Oxford, 1955), 3:463Google Scholar; British Library (hereafter BL) Add. MS 78298, fols. 159v–160, 162; Evelyn, John, London Revived, Considerations for its Rebuilding in 1666, ed. de Beer, E. S. (Oxford, 1938)Google Scholar, 46n. Manuscripts of Wren's design (which cannot be the document discussed with Charles) are All Souls’ College Library, Oxford, I.7, I.8, I.101; Geraghty, Anthony, The Architectural Drawings of Sir Christopher Wren at All Souls’ College, Oxford (Aldershot, 2007), 254–56Google Scholar; Wren Society Publications, 20 vols. (Oxford, 1923–43), 12: plates 24, 25.

²⁷ Charles II, His Majestie's Declaration, 4.

²⁸ Birch, Thomas, History of the Royal Society, 4 vols. (London, 1756), 2:115Google Scholar; Reddaway, The Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire, 53. In late September the Common Council declared “their good Acceptance & Approbation” of Hooke's “Exquisite Modell or draught for rebuilding of this City”, Jnl. 46, fol. 141, LMA. Recollections of this are set out in The Posthumous Works of Robert Hooke (London, 1705), xiii.

²⁹ Royal Society London, Classified Papers 1660–1740 XVII No. 7, edited in Lodwick, Francis, On Language, Theology, and Utopia, ed. Henderson, Felicity and Poole, William (Oxford, 2011), 295–97, 397–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hunter, Matthew C., Wicked Intelligence: Visual Art and the Science of Experiment in Restoration London (Chicago, 2013), 201–2CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³⁰ Richard Newcourt, Maps and Proposals for Rebuilding London, CLC/481/3441, LMA. Parts were printed (rather inaccurately) in Hughson, T. F., London: Being an Accurate History and Description and Description of the British Metropolis, 6 vols. (London, 1805–9), 1:251–58Google Scholar. See also Reddaway, T. F., “The Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire: A Rediscovered Plan,” Town Planning Review 18, no. 3 (July 1939): 155–61CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³¹ CLC/481/3441, pp. 1, 9, LMA. He also made a design for Whitehall Palace, Colvin, Howard, Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840, 4th ed. (New Haven, 2008)Google Scholar, s.n., “Newcourt, Richard.”

³² Bell, The Great Fire of London in 1666, 241; Peets, “Famous Town Planners,” 24; Porter, The Great Fire of London, 97.

³³ TNA, PC2/59, p. 182.

³⁴ A List of officers claiming the sixty thousand pounds & c. granted by His Sacred Majesty for the relief of his truly-loyal and indigent party (1663), col. 100. On this, Newman, Peter R., “The 1663 List of Indigent Officers Considered as a Primary Source for the Study of the Royalist Army,” Historical Journal 30, no. 4 (December 1987): 885–904 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³⁵ The Flemings in Oxford: Being Documents Selected from the Rydal Papers in Illustration of the Lives and Ways of Oxford Men 1650–1700, Vol. 1: 1650–1680, ed. Magrath, John Richard (Oxford, 1904), 514 Google Scholar. On the order, see Matikkala, Antti, The Orders of Knighthood and the Formation of the British Honours System 1660–1760 (Woodbridge, 2008), 68–72 Google Scholar.

³⁶ TNA, SP29/2/149. He was not successful; Keay, Anna, The Magnificent Monarch: Charles II and the Ceremonies of Power (London, 2008), 103 Google Scholar. Knight was sued for brewing without being free of the Brewers’ Company; Worshipful Company of Brewers, Register of Persons sued for brewing without being members of the Company, 1655–1666, GL MS 5448A, 38.

³⁷ TNA, C5/137/18; C10/81/64, Bill of Complaint; C10/102/101; C5/48/77. Thoroton Hildyard, Estate Papers, THF/E/2/2/2, Nottingham University Library (hereafter NUL); THF/E/2/2/1; THF/E/2/2/7. He was living in the area when his children were baptized, P82/AND2/A/1/6667/4, 25 October 1657, 9 November 1658, LMA. He paid the 1663 subsidy in St. Andrew Holborn, TNA, E179/143/393, m. 2v. On metropolitan property development, McKellar, Elizabeth, The Birth of Modern London: the Development and Design of the City 1660–1720 (Manchester, 1999), chaps. 2–3Google Scholar.

³⁸ MJ/SR/1258/277, LMA.

³⁹ TNA PC2/59, 22 June 1666, 68. Gray's Inn records do not mention this petition, although they comment on many nearby building developments: Gray's Inn Archives, London, Book of Orders, vol. 1 (2) and vol. 2.

⁴⁰ It probably lay behind an alleged assault on Knight in 1665, MJ/SR/1308/81, 85 and 91, LMA.

⁴¹ TNA, C10/81/64; C10/102/101; C10/168/5; C6/34/43; C5/48/77, Answer of Perkins and Langeford; C78/750, no. 20, http://aalt.law.uh.edu/AALT7/C78/C78no750/IMG_0038.htm.

⁴² TNA, C5/48/77, Answer of Perkins and Langeford; C6/181/72, Answer of Perkins.

⁴³ This is captured in a petition to Charles asking for a commission in a privately endowed military force designed to serve the king, TNA, SP29/281A/79.

⁴⁴ In the 1660s and 1670s both were engaged in West End property development. Henning, Basil Duke, ed., The History of Parliament: The House of Commons, 1660–1690, 3 vols. (London, 1983)Google Scholar, s. n., “Guy, Henry”; Cruickshanks, Eveline, Handley, Stuart and Hayton, D. W., eds., The History of Parliament: the House of Commons, 1690–1715, 5 vols. (Cambridge, 2002)Google Scholar, s. n., “Pulteney, Sir William”; London Planning Committee, Survey of London, vols. 29 and 30, Parish of St. James Westminster (London, 1960), 22, 27, 467n, 533; idem, Survey of London, vols. 31 and 32, Parish of St. James Westminster (London, 1963), 116–19, 341n, 367.

⁴⁵ TNA, SP29/448/14. This must date from between 7 May 1662, when the statute became law, and 27 May 1662 when the commission was issued. Worcester College, Oxford TC 20.14(38), hackney coach licenses.

⁴⁶ TNA, C181/7, p. 151; E101/263/1, fol. 3; E101/628/1, Items 2 and 6 (1663); E101/635/14. Knight's salary was £80pa. For his work, E101/623/2, Order of 23 March 1664; E351/1744. By spring 1667 Knight was no longer in post, E101/623/5.

⁴⁷ TNA, C181/7, 151; Gunther, R. T., ed., The Architecture of Sir Roger Pratt, Charles II's Commissioner for the Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire (Oxford, 1928), 12–14 Google Scholar.

⁴⁸ 14 CII, c. 2; Evelyn, Diary, 3:295–97, 310; TNA, PC2/55, 240; Commons Journal (hereafter CJ)1660–67, 364, 378; Jenner, Mark, “The Politics of London Air: John Evelyn's Fumifugium and the Restoration,” Historical Journal 38, no. 3 (September 1995): 535–51, at 549CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, “Circulation and Disorder: London Streets and Hackney Coaches, c. 1640–c. 1740,” in The Streets of London: From the Great Fire to the Great Stink, ed. Hitchcock, Tim and Shore, Heather (London, 2003), 40–53, at 41–42Google Scholar.

⁴⁹ Stevenson, City and the King, 122–24. On jurisdictional conflict and the commissioners, Jenner, Mark S. R., “Guildwork,” in Guilds, Society and Economy in London, 1450–1800, ed. Gadd, Ian A. and Wallis, Patrick (London, 2000), 163–70, at 164–65Google Scholar.

⁵⁰ By the Commissioners appointed by his Majesty for the Repairing the High-Wayes and Sewers (1662); TNA, E101/623/3; E101/623/5. Lisa Jardine stated that this commission's work “established the tone and temperament of the rebuilding which followed the Fire.” Not having examined its records, she incorrectly suggested that its meetings offered an opportunity for Evelyn and Wren to discuss the improvement of London. They never coincided as commissioners: On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Career of Sir Christopher Wren (London, 2002), 261–63Google Scholar.

⁵¹ May paid Knight's salary and expenses in 1662–63, TNA, E101/635/14. Wren frequently attended meetings in Scotland Yard. Knight could also have met Peter Mills and Sir John Denham, through the Commissioners for Highways and Sewers and through William Pulteney, E101/635/14, 4 August 1663; Wren Society Publications 18: 32, 34.

⁵² Charles II, His Majestie's Declaration, 5–6; Stephen Wren, Parentalia, facsimile ed. (Farnborough, 1965), 268; Evelyn, London Revived, 36, 44; CLC/481/3441, 2, LMA. See also Lodwick, On Language, 296. Perks, Sydney, “The Scheme for a Thames Embankment after the Great Fire of London,” Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects, 3rd ser., 31 (1924): 445–61, at 445–46Google Scholar.

⁵³ CLC/481/3441, 2–3, LMA. The “piazzas” of Evelyn's design would have been similar; Evelyn, London Revived, 40–41, 49.

⁵⁴ Charles II, His Majestie's Declaration, 5; Evelyn, London Revived, 37; Wren, Parentalia, 268; CLC/481/3441, 2–3, LMA.

⁵⁵ Eliav-Feldon, Miriam, Realistic Utopias (Oxford, 1982), 33–41 Google Scholar.

⁵⁶ Evelyn, London Revived, 54–55; CLC/481/3441, 7–8, LMA; Lodwick, On Language, 297.

⁵⁷ Mark S. R. Jenner, “Early Modern English Conceptions of ‘Cleanliness’ and ‘Dirt’ as Reflected in the Environmental Regulation of London, c. 1530-c.1700” (PhD diss., Oxford University, 1991), 366–95; Lisa M. Bowers Isaacson, “The Building Society: Speculative Building in the West End of London, 1660–1760” (PhD diss., Princeton University, 1992), chaps. 4–5.

⁵⁸ For the physical and technological challenges facing seventeenth-century canals, see Morera, Raphaël, “Surveying Conflicts over the Briare Canal: Local Contractors, Dutch Engineers, Paris Masons and the State (1604–1612),” in Fields of Expertise: A Comparative History of Expert Procedures in Paris and London, 1600 to Present, ed. Rabier, Christelle (Newcastle, 2007), 237–60, at 244–46Google Scholar.

⁵⁹ BL Add. MS 72867, fol. 3; Evelyn, London Revived, 34–35; Wren, Parentalia, 268; Reddaway, The Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire, chap. 8; Cooper, Michael, “A More Beautiful City”: Robert Hooke and the Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire (Stroud, 2003), chap. 14Google Scholar.

⁶⁰ Evelyn, London Revived; CLC/481/3441, LMA.

⁶¹ A schematic plan appeared on Platte Grandt de Stadt Londen met de Aenwysinghe hoe die Afgebrandt is (Amsterdam, 1666). Cooper, “More Beautiful City,” 112–13, debunks suggestions that this was Hooke's.

⁶² I can find no evidence for Joseph Monteyne's suggestion that Knight had a drawing at his house that “interested parties” could consult, in The Printed Image in Early Modern London: Urban Space, Visual Representation, and Social Exchange (Aldershot, 2007), 131. He cannot recall what led him to suggest this. I am grateful to him for helpful e-mail discussions about this matter and for checking his notes. See also note 134.

⁶³ Knight did not visualize cartographically: the later drawing reveals that the absence of north-south streets in part of the city, Knight, Proposals.

⁶⁴ Sprat, Thomas, The History of the Royal-Society of London for the Improving of Natural Knowledge (London, 1667), 123 Google Scholar.

⁶⁵ BL Add. MS 72867, fol. 2; Edward Ford, Experimented Proposals (London, 1666), 3 (2nd pagination, 2).

⁶⁶ Peacey, Jason, “Print and Public Politics in Seventeenth-Century England,” History Compass 5, no. 1 (January 2007): 85–111 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Gauci, Perry, The Politics of Trade: The Overseas Merchant in State and Society, 1660–1720 (Oxford, 2001), chap. 4CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁶⁸ MS Clarendon 131 (4, 5), Bodleian Library (hereafter Bodl). It is not in the ESTC.

⁶⁹ 14 CII c. 21. For the bill, CJ 1660–1667, 136, 276, 317, 321, 359, 363, 431, 433; LJ 1660–66, 385, 399, 461, 466.

⁷⁰ Hyde, E., The Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon … Written by Himself, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1857), 2:295–96Google Scholar; Andrew Barclay, s.v., “May, Baptist (bap. 1628, d. 1697),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (hereafter ODNB), http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18418, accessed 28 September 2016.

⁷¹ BL Add. MS 72867, fol. 2. (Presumably these were Gordian knots.)

⁷² Firth, C. H. and Rait, R. S., eds., Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660 (London, 1911), 1223–24Google Scholar; Edie, Carolyn A., “New Buildings, New Taxes, and Old Interests: An Urban Problem of the 1670s,” Journal of British Studies 6, no. 2 (May 1967): 35–63, at 39CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁷⁴ TNA, PC2/59, p. 182.

⁷⁵ Hereafter Knight fades from the historical record. In 1668 he remarried, Lambeth Palace Library VMI/5 25 May 1668; 1668 and 1672 saw law suits over his London property, TNA, C78/750, no. 20; C10/168/5. He was probably the Valentine Knight of St. Andrew Holborn indicted for recusancy in 1679, MJ/SBB/361, 20, LMA; Jeaffreson, John Cordy, ed., Middlesex County Records, vol. 4 (London, 1892), 130 Google Scholar. If so, he died that year, P82/AND/A/010/MS06673/5, 7 October 1679, LMA; TNA, PROB11/362/243. A son sued about Holborn property in 1698, TNA, C5/137/18.

⁷⁶ Peacey, Jason, “The Politics of British Union in 1642 and the Purpose of Civil War Pamphlets,” Historical Research 80, no. 210 (November 2007): 491–517 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, “The Print Culture of Parliament, 1600–1800,” Parliamentary History 26, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–16, at 11–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁷⁸ Clarendon MS 131 (4, 5), Bodl.

⁷⁹ TNA, SP29/171/10. See also SP29/171/25, 27, 38, 40. More generally, Weber, H. M., Paper Bullets: Print and Kingship under Charles II (Lexington, KY, 1996)Google Scholar.

⁸⁰ TNA, SP/29/170/151; London Gazette, 3–10 September 1666; O'Malley, Thomas, “Religion and the Newspaper Press, 1660–1685: A Study of the London Gazette ,” in The Press in English Society from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries, ed. Harris, Michael and Lee, Alan (Cranbury, 1986), 25–46, at 31Google Scholar. On the diffusion of this narrative, Chetham's Library, Manchester MS A-2–128 (unfoliated); Wall, Literary and Cultural Spaces, 7–13.

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⁸³ TNA, SP 29/179/47, 48, 49; SP29/170/121,150; SP 29/187/166.

⁸⁴ Dolan, Frances, “Ashes and ‘the Archive’: The London Fire of 1666, Partisanship, and Proof,” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 31, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 391–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar; TNA, SP29/187/172; SP 29/209/75, 75I.

⁸⁵ Charles II, His Majestie's Declaration, 1–3, 9–10; Reddaway, The Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire, 49–53.

⁸⁶ Hobart to Verney, 13 September 1666, BL Microfilm 636/21; Broderick to Ormonde, 27 October 1666, Carte MS 35, fol. 109v, Bodl.

⁸⁷ Weiser, Brian, Charles II and the Politics of Access (Woodbridge, 2003), 121 Google Scholar; Hoxby, Blair, “The Government of Trade: Commerce, Politics, and the Courtly Art of the Restoration,” ELH 66, no. 3 (Fall 1999): 597–627 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Koji Yamamoto, “Distrust, Innovations, and Public Service: ‘Projecting’ in Seventeenth- and Early Eighteenth-Century England” (PhD diss., University of York, 2009), chap. 3.

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⁸⁹ The London barber Thomas Rugge, recorded the announcement in his diurnal, BL Add. MS 10117, fol. 178v.

⁹⁰ TNA, SP29/67/30, 81, 161; SP29/89/87; SP44/9, 224; Plomer, Henry R., A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers … at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667 (London, 1907)Google Scholar, s.n.; McKenzie, Donald and Bell, Maureen, A Chronology and Calendar of Documents Relating to the London Book Trade 1641–1700, 3 vols. (Oxford, 2005), 1:496Google Scholar; TNA SP29/99/164; Plomer, Dictionary … 1641 to 1667, s.n.

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⁹² Raine, Depositions, 145; R. Davies, A Memoir of the York Press (repr., York, 1988), 98; Plomer, H. R. and Peddie, R. A., “Stephen Bulkley, Printer,” Library 8, no. 29 (January 1907): 42–56, at 54–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁹³ TNA, SP29/175/28.

⁹⁴ Stationers Hall, London, Court Book D, fols. 121v, 123–23v.

⁹⁵ Works sold at the Rainbow are listed in his editions of Sheppard, William, Actions upon the Case (London, 1663)Google Scholar, after the table at back, and Noy, William, The Compleat Lawyer (London, 1665) 123–27Google Scholar. For his publications, see ESTC.

⁹⁶ Wright, “Speed, Samuel;” S. [Speed], The Prisoner's Complaint (London, 1673); Fragmenta Carceris, or the Kings Bench Scuffle (London, 1674).

⁹⁷ Monteyne, Printed Image, chap. 3; Hinds, Peter, “The Horrid Popish Plot”: Roger L'Estrange and the Circulation of Political Discourse in Late Seventeenth-Century London (Oxford, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, chap. 10. Five of the forty-four items published in York during the 1660s concerned the Great Fire, ESTC, 6 August 2013.

⁹⁸ William Sancroft, Lex Ignea (London, 1666); Stillingfleet, Edward, A Sermon Preached before the Honourable House of Commons at St. Margarets Westminster, Octob. 10, 1666 (London, 1666)Google Scholar; The Letters of George Davenport 1651–1677, ed. Pask, Brenda M. (Woodbridge, 2011), 189–91Google Scholar; Sharpe, Rebranding, 42.

⁹⁹ TNA SP29/175/5. See also The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg, vol. 4, 1667–1668, ed. Hall, A. Rupert and Hall, Marie Boas (Madison, 1967), 174–75Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁰ Shadwell, Thomas, The Sullen Lovers (London, 1668), 65 Google Scholar; BL Add. MS 78298 fol. 160.

¹⁰¹ Walker, Matthew, “The Limits of Collaboration: Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren and the Designing of the Monument to the Great Fire of London,” Notes and Records of the Royal Society 65, no. 2 (June 2011): 121–43, esp. at 124–25, 138–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Reddaway, The Rebuilding of London after the Great Fire, 54–90; E. S. de Beer, review London in Flames, London in Glory: Poems on the Fire and Rebuilding of London, 1666–1709, by Aubin, Robert Arnold, Review of English Studies 20, no. 78 (April 1944): 166–68, at 167Google Scholar; Patterson, Long Parliament, 14–16.

¹⁰² Jnl 46, fols. 120v, 121v, LMA.

¹⁰³ London Gazette, 13–17 September 1666; Charles II, His Majestie's Declaration, 8–9; Stevenson, City and the King, 136–39.

¹⁰⁴ At the Court at Whitehall the eight of May 1667 (London, 1667); London, Court of Common Council, An ACT declaring what Streets and streight and narrow passages (London, 1667). See also, A Table of the severall scantlings & sorts of tymber that shall bee used … within the citty of London (London, 1666); London, Court of Common Council, Whereas in the act of this present Parliament for re-building the City of London (London, 1667); London Gazette, 30 December 1666–2 January 1667. The rebuilding statute was in A collection of all the statutes at large (London, 1667), 161–75, bought by provincial gentlemen: Dominic Winter Auctions, Printed Books and Maps 19–20 April 2014, lot 308.

¹⁰⁵ City of London, Commissioners of Sewers, Rules and Directions … for the Pitching … the Streets (London, 1667); Rules and Directions … for the Pitching … the Streets (London, 1668).

¹⁰⁶ Mears et al., Special Worship since the Reformation, 690–91; Wren Society Publications 13: 105, 125, 168; Frances Maguire, “The Power of the Ephemeral: Print, Record Making and Government in Seventeenth-Century England” (MA thesis, University of York, 2013), chap. 2; Field, Jacob F., “Charitable Giving and Its Distribution to Londoners after the Great Fire, 1666–1676,” Urban History 38, no. 1 (May 2011): 3–23 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁰⁷ Borsay, Peter, The English Urban Renaissance (Oxford, 1989), 45–47, 90–95Google Scholar; Farr, Michael, ed., The Great Fire of Warwick 1694 (Hertford, 1992), xiii–xiv Google Scholar.

¹⁰⁸ Grub Street Journal (hereafter GSJ), 280 (8 May 1735). This has hitherto escaped scholarly notice.

¹⁰⁹ Hillhouse, James T., The Grub-Street Journal (Boston, 1928)Google Scholar; Goldgar, Bertrand A., introduction to The Grub Street Journal, 1730–33, 4 vols. (London, 2002) 1:vii–xvGoogle Scholar; Pettit, Alexander, Illusory Consensus: Bolingbroke and the Polemical Response to Walpole, 1730–1737 (London, 1997), chap. 5Google Scholar. On the wider culture of criticism that emerged in the early eighteenth century, see Solkin, Painting for Money.

¹¹⁰ This architectural turn was not without precedent; see Brownell, Morris R., Alexander Pope and the Arts of Georgian England (Oxford, 1978)Google Scholar, part 3 and esp. plate 54.

¹¹¹ Weekly Register, 189–213 (20 October 1733–6 April 1734); Craske, “From Burlington Gate.”

¹¹² James Ralph, Critical Review of the Publick Buildings, Statues and Ornaments In, and about London and Westminster (London, 1734; facsimile ed., Farnborough, 1971). On Ralph, poet, historian, and partisan of Hogarth, see Harris and Savage, British Architectural Books, s.n.; Ronald Paulson, Hogarth His Life, Art and Times, 3 vols. (New Brunswick, 1991), 2:52–57, 78–79, 137–38.

¹¹³ Craske, “From Burlington Gate”; Hillhouse, Grub-Street Journal, 71–74; Ralph, Critical Review, 5.

¹¹⁴ Ibid., 47, 8–9.

¹¹⁵ Craske, “From Burlington Gate.” The Dean and Chapter of Westminster Abbey took great umbrage when it suggested that they might be profiting from the viewing of the tombs, Weekly Miscellany, 73 (4 May 1734); Gentleman's Magazine, 4 (May 1734), 246; Ralph, New Critical Review, 2nd ed. (London, 1736), 84–91.

¹¹⁶ Pope, Alexander, The Dunciad, ed. Sutherland, James (London, 1963), 165 Google Scholar. On derivative expression, see Universal Spectator, 300 (6 July 1734).

¹¹⁷ GSJ, 230 (23 May 1734) and 240 (1 August 1734); Gentleman's Magazine, 4 (May 1734), 261.

¹¹⁸ Some issues are reprinted in Knoop, Douglas, Jones, G. P., and Hamer, Douglas, eds., Early Masonic Pamphlets (Manchester, 1945)Google Scholar.

¹¹⁹ GSJ, 237–71.

¹²⁰ GSJ, 237; Harris and Savage, Architectural Books, s.n. Langley. For Hawksmoor's response to Ralph's views, see Kerry Downes, Hawksmoor (London, 1959), 255.

¹²¹ GSJ, 280.

¹²² Ralph, Critical Review, 1. Langley would soon take up cudgels in the next architectural pamphlet war of the 1730s: the dispute about Westminster Bridge in the mid-1730s. See O'Byrne, Alison, “Composing Westminster Bridge: Public Improvement and National Identity in Eighteenth-Century London,” in The Age of Projects, ed. Novak, Maximilian E. (Toronto, 2008), 243–70Google Scholar.

¹²³ Ralph, Critical Review, sheet facing p. 1, 3–4. See also GSJ, 227 (13 July 1734).

¹²⁴ Hawksmoor, N., Remarks on the founding and carrying on the buildings of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich (London, 1728), 7 Google Scholar.

¹²⁵ Hart, Vaughan, Nicholas Hawksmoor: Rebuilding Ancient Wonders (London, 2002)Google Scholar.

¹²⁶ Harris and Savage, Architectural Books, s.n., Wren; Timothy Clayton, “Hulsbergh, Henry (d. 1729),” ODNB, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14120, accessed 28 September 2016; Wren Society Publications, 9: plates 25, 26; Wren Society Publications, 14: xii–xiv, plates 1–5 and 12–13; BL Add. MS 25071, fols. 65–65v; Bennett, J. A., “A Study of Parentalia, with Two Unpublished Letters of Sir Christopher Wren,” Annals of Science 30, no. 2 (June 1973): 129–47, at 136n, 139nCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed; Moore, John E., “The Monument, or, Christopher Wren's Roman Accent,” Art Bulletin 80, no. 3 (September 1998): 498–533, at 512CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Fourdrinier, Paul, A Plan of the city of London, after the great fire in the year of Our Lord 1666 with the modell of the new city according to the design and proposal of Sr Christopher Wren ([London], 1744)Google Scholar, http://purl.pt/3475.

¹²⁷ Rosemary Sweet, Antiquaries (London, 2004); Clayton, English Print, chap. 2; Enright, “Richard Rawlinson,” 319–21; Myrone, Martin, “Graphic Antiquarianism in Eighteenth Century Britain: The Career and Reputation of George Vertue,” in Producing the Past, ed. Myrone, Martin and Pelz, Lucy (Aldershot, 1999), 35–49 Google Scholar; Evans, Joan, A History of the Society of Antiquaries (Oxford, 1956), chaps. 4–7Google Scholar.

¹²⁸ Society of Antiquaries, London (hereafter SoA) MS 264B, 199–201; SoA Minute Book 1, 51; SoA Minute Book 3, 95. Vertue's 1737 version of Agas is Victoria and Albert Museum, Prints and Drawings, 29190:1–8, http://collections.vam.ac.uk/name/ralph-agas/79077/; Vertue, George, Vertue Notebooks, vol. 5 (Oxford, 1937–38), 108 Google Scholar; An Exact Surveigh of the Streets, Lanes, and Churches, Comprehendd. within the Ruins of the City of London (London, 1723)Google Scholar; Pettit, Illusory Consensus, 36; Evans, History of the Society of Antiquaries, 70.

¹²⁹ SoA Minute Book 4, fols. 198–99; Minute Book 5, 205, 227; Londinum Redivivum (London, 1748); A Plan of London (London, 1748).

¹³⁰ Moore, “The Monument,” 512; Fourdrinier, Plan of the city of London, http://purl.pt/3475.

¹³¹ Nichols, John, Illustrations of Literature of the Eighteenth Century, 6 vols. (1817–31), 4:206Google Scholar; Brian J. Enright, “Richard Rawlinson: Collector, Antiquary, and Topographer,” (PhD diss., Oxford University, 1956), Appendix D, v; GSJ, 280 (8 May 1735).

¹³² SoA Minute Book 6, 11, 34.

¹³³ Knight, Proposals. The Society's minutes wrote of “a proff Print from a drawing of Valintine Knight's, intended for a Scheem for the rebuilding of London after the fire Sept^r 1666,” raising the possibility that Vertue had copied from a manuscript of Knight's proposals, SoA Minute Book 6, 11. However, the Society's clerk was probably mistaken. First, he erroneously described Knight as “Dr .” Secondly, whereas Vertue's engravings of Wren's and Evelyn's plans faithfully followed how they had drawn St. Paul's, presenting floor plans which were nothing like Wren's final cathedral, the rendition of Knight's design was clearly based on London's post-fire fabric. If he had been engraving a drawing of Knight's for Rawlinson, it is most unlikely that Vertue would have redrawn it so freely and anachronistically or have described it as a “sketch.” I conclude, therefore, that the design was engraved from a sketch drawn in 1749.

¹³⁴ Clayton, Timothy, The English Print 1688–1802 (New Haven, 1997), esp. 62–63, 75–76, 161–64Google Scholar; Hallett, Mark, “The View across the City: William Hogarth and the Visual Culture of Eighteenth-Century London,” in Hogarth: Representing Nature's Machines, ed. Ogée, Frédéric, Wagner, Peter, and Bindman, David (Manchester, 2001)Google Scholar; Hyde, Ralph, “Images of St Paul's,” in St Paul's: The Cathedral Church of London, 604–2004, ed. Keene, Derek, Burns, Arthur, and Saint, Andrew (New Haven, 2004), 317–34Google Scholar.

¹³⁵ Clayton, English Print, 62–63; The Oxford Almanack (Oxford, 1716); Downes, Kerry, Hawksmoor (London, 1959), 87, 141Google Scholar; Salmon, Frank, “Public Commissions,” in William Kent: Designing Georgian Britain, ed. Weber, Susan (New Haven, 2013), 314–63, at 321Google Scholar; Smith, Charles Suarez, The Rise of Design (London, 2000), esp. 1–14, 33–41, 59–64Google Scholar.

¹³⁶ Wren Society Publications, 14: ix–xii; Nicholas Hawksmoor to Dean of Westminster, London, Westminster Abbey Muniments, 34573.

¹³⁷ Fourdrinier, Plan of the city of London, http://purl.pt/3475.

¹³⁸ Colen Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus (London, 1715–25; facsimile ed., New York, 2002), sig. Bv; Kent, William, Designs of Inigo Jones (London, 1727)Google Scholar; Palladio, Andrea, Fabbriche Antiche (London, 1730)Google Scholar.

¹³⁹ Maitland, William, The History of London from its Foundation to the Present Time, 2 vols. (London, 1756), 1:facing 446Google Scholar; Public Advertiser, 9 March 1753. In 1749–50, engravings of Wren's designs prepared in the 1720s were published, London Evening Post, 11–14 November 1749.

¹⁴⁰ Bonehill, “Centre of Pleasure,” 367–75.

¹⁴¹ A PLAN of the City of London after the great FIRE (London, 1749). See also the plan advertised in Public Advertiser, 9 March 1753, as for the consideration of the mayor and aldermen.

¹⁴² Wren, Parentalia, 269. On the genesis of this text, Bennett, “Parentalia”; Jardine, Grander Scale, 477–79. Historians of the Great Fire have been rebutting this argument for over a century. Ogborn, “Designs on the City,” 25–30.

¹⁴³ It was never advertised in the press. Several copies survive in eighteenth-century antiquarian collections: http://catalog.huntington.org/; MS Rawlinson B 388 at front, Bodl; Rawlinson Prints a 2; Gough Maps 41f.

¹⁴⁴ Jenner, “Politics of London Air”; Denton, Peter, “‘Puffs of Smoke, Puffs of Praise’: Reconsidering John Evelyn's Fumifugium ,” Canadian Journal of History 35, no. 3 (December 2000): 441–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Cavert, William M., The Smoke of London: Energy and Environment in the Early Modern City (Cambridge, 2016), 183–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar.