Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:55:42.809Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

RISK FACTORS FOR ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS FROM CRACOW, POLAND (1983–2000)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2013

AGNIESZKA SUDER  and
MARIA CHRZANOWSKA
AGNIESZKA SUDER*
Affiliation:
University School of Physical Education, Department of Anatomy, Cracow, Poland
MARIA CHRZANOWSKA
Affiliation:
University School of Physical Education, Department of Anthropology, Cracow, Poland
*
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The aim of this study was to determine abdominal obesity risk factors in two successive cohorts of children and adolescents aged 4–18 from Cracow, Poland, examined during the years of political transformation. The influence of biological, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors on abdominal obesity was analysed by calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using logistic regression analysis. It was found that for girls obesity in both parents (OR=4.31; 95% CI 1.73–20.70) and high birth weight (OR=1.78; 95% CI 1.12–2.82) were significant risk factors for abdominal obesity in the 1983 cohort. In the 2000 cohort obesity in both parents for boys and girls (boys: OR=5.85; 95% CI 1.36–25.10; girls: OR=4.82; 95% CI 1.17–19.77), low level of parental education in girls (OR=2.06; 95% CI 1.15–3.69), having only one son (OR=1.96; 95% CI 1.36–3.40), parents' smoking habits in girls (OR=2.94; 95% CI 1.46–5.91) and lack of undertaking physical activity in sport clubs in boys (OR=6.11; 95% CI 1.46–25.47) were significant abdominal obesity risk factors. Higher number of hours of leisure time physical activity (OR=0.89; 95% CI 0.81–0.97) significantly lowered the risk of abdominal obesity in boys in the 2000 cohort. The greater differentiation of abdominal obesity risk factors in the 2000 cohort in comparison to the 1983 cohort may have resulted from the social and economic changes taking place in Poland at the end of the 20th century.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , March 2015 , pp. 203 - 219
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, M. R., Leroux, B. G., Bricker, J. B., Rajan, K. B. & Peterson, A. V. Jr. (2004) Antismoking parenting practices are associated with reduced rates of adolescent smoking. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine 158, 348–352.Google Scholar
Ashwell, M., Cole, T. J. & Dixon, A. K. (1996) Ratio of waist circumference to height is strong predictor of intra abdominal fat. British Medical Journal 313, 559–560.Google Scholar
Ashwell, M., Gunn, P. & Gibson, S. (2012) Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Review 13, 275–286.Google Scholar
Ashwell, M. & Hsieh, S. D. (2005) Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 56, 303–307.Google Scholar
Bagley, S., Salmon, J. & Crawford, D. (2006) Family structure and children's television viewing and physical activity. Medical Sciences of Sports and Exercise 38, 910–918.Google Scholar
Barba, G., Troiano, E., Russo, P., Siani, A. & ARCA Project Study Group (2006) Total fat, fat distribution and blood pressure according to eating frequency in children living in southern Italy: the ARCA project. International Journal of Obesity 30, 1166–1169.Google Scholar
Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H. & Morrison, C. (2000) Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 54, 143–148.Google Scholar
Campagnolo, P. D., Hoffman, D. J. & Vitolo, M. R. (2011) Waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for children with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Annals of Human Biology 38, 265–270.Google Scholar
Chrzanowska, M., Gołąb, S., Bocheńska, Z. & Panek, S. (eds) (1992) The Child of Cracow. The Level of the Biological Development in the Cracow Children and Youth. Wyd Monograf No. 34. AWF, Cracow.Google Scholar
Chrzanowska, M., Gołąb, S., Żarów, R., Sobiecki, J. & Brudecki, J. (eds) (2002) The Child of Cracow 2000. The Level of the Biological Development in the Cracow Children and Youth. Wyd Monograf No. 19. AWF, Cracow.Google Scholar
Chrzanowska, M., Kozieł, S. & Ulijaszek, S. J. (2007) Changes in BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Cracow, Poland, 1971–2000. Economics of Human Biology 5, 370–378.Google Scholar
Chrzanowska, M. & Suder, A. (2010) Changes in central fatness and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents from Cracow, Poland 1983–2000. Annals of Human Biology 37, 242–252.Google Scholar
Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal, K. M. & Dietz, W. H. (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. British Medical Journal 320, 1240–1243.Google Scholar
Davey Smith, G., Steer, C., Leary, S. & Ness, A. (2007) Is there an intrauterine influence on obesity? Evidence from parent child associations in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Archives of Disease in Childhood 92, 876–880.Google Scholar
Davison, K. K., Cutting, T. M. & Birch, L. L. (2003) Parents' activity-related parenting practices predict girls' physical activity. Medical Science in Sports and Exercise 35, 1589–1595.Google Scholar
Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Tanghe, A., Hills, A. P. & De Bode, P. (2004) Changes in physical activity and psychosocial determinants of physical activity in children and adolescents treated for obesity. Patient Education and Counseling 55, 407–415.Google Scholar
Dencker, M., Thorsson, O., Karlsson, M. K., Lindén, C., Wollmer, P. & Andersen, L. B. (2008) Daily physical activity related to aerobic fitness and body fat in an urban sample of children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 18, 728–735.Google Scholar
Ferreira, I., van der Horst, K., Wendel-Vos, W., Kremers, S., van Lenthe, F. J. & Brug, J. (2006) Environmental correlates of physical activity in youth – a review and update. Obesity Review 8, 129–154.Google Scholar
Fogelholm, M., Nuutinen, O., Pasanen, M., Myöhänen, E. & Säätelä, T. (1999) Parent–child relationship of physical activity patterns and obesity. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolism Disorders 23, 1262–1268.Google Scholar
Frye, C. & Heinrich, J. (2003) Trends and predictors of overweight and obesity in East German children. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolism Disorders 27, 963–969.Google Scholar
Garnett, S. P., Baur, L. A. & Cowell, C. T. (2008) Waist-to-height ratio: a simple option for determining excess central adiposity in young people. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolism Disorders 32, 1028–1030.Google Scholar
Garnett, S. P., Baur, L. A. & Cowell, C. T. (2011) The prevalence of increased central adiposity in Australian school children 1985 to 2007. Obesity Review 12, 887–896.Google Scholar
Goulding, A., Taylor, R. W., Grant, A. M., Parnell, W. R., Wilson, N. C. & Williams, S. M. (2010) Waist-to-height ratios in relation to BMI z-scores in three ethnic groups from a representative sample of New Zealand children aged 5–14 years. International Journal of Obesity 34, 1188–1190.Google Scholar
Hara, M., Saito, E., Iwata, F., Okada, T. & Harada, K. (2002) Waist-to-height ratio is the best predictor of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese schoolchildren. Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 9, 127–132.Google Scholar
Hitze, B., Bosy-Westphal, A., Bielfeldtm, F., Settlerm, U., Plachta-Danielzik, S., Pfeuffer, M.et al. (2009) Determinants and impact of sleep duration in children and adolescents: data of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 739–746.Google Scholar
Kaczynski, A. T., Manske, S. R., Mannell, R. C. & Grewal, K. (2008) Smoking and physical activity: a systematic review. American Journal of Health Behavior 32, 93–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Srinivasan, S. R., Chen, W., Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C. & Berenson, G. S. (2004) Body mass index, waist circumference, and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a biracial sample of children and adolescents. Pediatrics 114, e198–205.Google Scholar
Kivimaki, M., Lawlor, D. A., Smith, G. D., Elovainio, M., Jokela, M., Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L.et al. (2007) Substantial intergenerational increases in body mass index are not explained by the fetal overnutrition hypothesis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 86, 1509–1514.Google Scholar
Klein-Platat, C., Oujaa, M., Wagner, A., Haan, M. C., Arveiler, D., Schlienger, J. L. & Simon, C. (2005) Physical activity is inversely related to waist circumference in 12-y-old French adolescents. International Journal of Obesity 29, 9–14.Google Scholar
Kuczmarski, M. F., Kuczmarski, R. J. & Najjar, M. (2001) Effects of age on validity of self-reported height, weight, and body mass index: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 101, 28–34.Google Scholar
Kuriyan, R., Thomas, T., Sumithra, S., Lokesh, D. P., Sheth, N. R., Joy, R.et al. (2011) Potential factors related to waist circumference in urban South Indian children. Indian Pediatrics doi: S09747559INPE1000225-1.Google Scholar
Labayen, I., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B, Loit, H. M., Harro, J., Veidebaum, T. & Sjostrom, M. (2010) Intergenerational cardiovascular disease risk factors involve both maternal and paternal BMI. Diabetes Care 33, 894–900.Google Scholar
Lawlor, D. A., Smith, G. D., O'Callaghan, M., Alati, R., Mamun, A. A., Williams, G. M. & Najman, J. M. (2007) Epidemiologic evidence for the fetal cardiofitness, parental lifestyle and adolescents overnutrition hypothesis: findings from the mater-university study of pregnancy and its outcomes. American Journal of Epidemiology 165, 418–424.Google Scholar
Lazarou, C. & Soteriades, E. S. (2010) Children's physical activity, TV watching and obesity in Cyprus: the CYKIDS study. European Journal of Public Health 20, 70–77.Google Scholar
Lean, M. E., Han, T. S. & Morrison, C. E. (1995) Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. British Medical Journal 311, 158–161.Google Scholar
Leary, S., Davey Smith, G. & Ness, A. (2010) No evidence of large differences in mother–daughter and father–son body mass index concordance in a large UK birth cohort. International Journal of Obesity 34, 1190–1191.Google Scholar
Leary, S. D., Smith, G. D., Rogers, I. S., Reilly, J. J., Wells, J. C. & Ness, A. R. (2006) Smoking during pregnancy and offspring fat and lean mass in childhood. Obesity 14, 2284–2293.Google Scholar
Lee, S., Bacha, F., Gungor, N. & Arslanian, S. A. (2006) Waist circumference is an independent predictor of insulin resistance in black and white youths. Journal of Pediatrics 148, 188–194.Google Scholar
Lehto, R., Ray, C., Lahti-Koski, M. & Roos, E. (2011) Health behaviours, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 65, 841–848.Google Scholar
Lipowicz, A. (2007) Hypertension among Polish males during the economic transition. Economics and Human Biology 5, 61–73.Google Scholar
McCarthy, H. D. & Ashwell, M. (2006) A study of central fatness using waist-to-height ratios in UK children and adolescents over two decades supports the simple message – ‘keep your waist circumference to less than half your height’. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolism Disorders 30, 988–992.Google Scholar
McCarthy, H. D., Jarrett, K. V., Emmett, P. M., Rogers, I. & The ALSPAC Study Team (2005) Trends in waist circumferences in young British children: a comparative study. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolism Disorders 29, 157–162.Google Scholar
Maffeis, C., Micciolo, R., Must, A., Zaffanello, M. & Pinelli, L. (1994) Parental and perinatal factors associated with childhood obesity in north-east Italy. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolism Disorders 18, 301–305.Google Scholar
Mazur, A., Klimek, K. & Małecka-Tendera, E. (2011) Risk factors of obesity in school children from Podkarpatian Region. Endocrinology, Obesity and Metabolic Disorders 3, 157–166.Google Scholar
Mazur, A., Klimek, K., Telega, G., Hejda, G., Wdowiak, L. & Małecka-Tendera, E. (2008) Risk factors for obesity development in school children from south-eastern Poland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 15, 281–285.Google Scholar
Mota, J., Fidalgo, F., Silva, R., Ribeiro, J. C., Santos, R., Carvalho, J. & Santos, M. P. (2008) Relationships between physical activity, obesity and meal frequency in adolescents. Annals of Human Biology 35, 1–10.Google Scholar
Nambiar, S., Truby, H., Abbott, R. A. & Davies, P. S. W. (2009) Validating the waist–height ratio and developing centiles for use amongst children and adolescents. Acta Pediatrica 98, 148–152.Google Scholar
Nawarycz, T. & Ostrowska-Nawarycz, L. (2007) Otyłość brzuszna u dzieci i młodzieży – doświadczenia łódzkie. Endocrinology, Obesity and Metabolic Disorders 1, 1–8.Google Scholar
O'Byrne, K. K., Haddock, C. K. & Poston, W. S. (2002) Parenting style and adolescent smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health 30, 418–425.Google Scholar
Olds, T., Maher, C., Zumin, S., Péneau, S., Lioret, S., Castetbon, K.et al. (2011) Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 6, 342–360.Google Scholar
Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R. & Sjöström, M. (2007) Physical activity, overweight and central adiposity in Swedish children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 4, 61.Google Scholar
Parizkova, J. (2008) Impact of education on food behaviour, body composition and physical fitness in children. British Journal of Nutrition 99 (Supplement 1), S26–32.Google Scholar
Perez-Pastor, E. M., Metcalf, B. S., Hosking, J., Jeffery, A. N., Voss, L. D. & Wilkin, T. J. (2009) Assortative weight gain in mother–daughter and father–son pairs: an emerging source of childhood obesity. Longitudinal study of trios (EarlyBird 43). International Journal of Obesity 33, 727–735.Google Scholar
Psarra, G., Nassis, G. P. & Sidossis, L. S. (2005) Short-term predictors of abdominal obesity in children. European Journal of Public Health 5, 520–525.Google Scholar
Reinehr, T. & Wunsch, R. (2010) Relationships between cardiovascular risk profile, ultrasonographic measurement of intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and waist circumference in obese children. Clinical Nutrition 29, 24–30.Google Scholar
Salanave, B., Peneau, S., Rolland-Cachera, M. F., Hercberg, S. & Castetbon, K. (2009) Stabilization of overweight prevalence in French children between 2000 and 2007. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2, 66–72.Google Scholar
Sallis, J. F., Prochaska, J. J. & Taylor, W. C. (2000) A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medical Sciences of Sports and Exercise 32, 963–975.Google Scholar
Savva, S. C., Tornaritis, M., Savva, M. E., Kourides, Y., Panagi, A., Silikiotou, N.et al. (2000) Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are better predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children than body mass index. International Journal of Obesity Related Metabolism Disorders 24, 1453–1458.Google Scholar
Shrewsbury, V. & Wardle, J. (2008) Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies 1990–2005. Obesity 16, 275–284.Google Scholar
Taylor, R. W., Jones, I. E., Williams, S. M. & Goulding, A. (2000) Evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and the conicity index as screening for high trunk fat mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3–19y. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 72, 490–495.Google Scholar
Tybor, D. J., Lichtenstein, A. H., Dallal, G. E. & Must, A. (2008) Waist-to-height ratio is correlated with height in US children and adolescents aged 2–18 years. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 3, 148–151.Google Scholar
Vale, S., Soares-Miranda, L., Santos, R., Moreira, C., Marques, A. I., Santos, P.et al. (2011) Influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and parental life style on adolescent's abdominal obesity. Annals of Human Biology 5, 531–536.Google Scholar
Watson, P. (2006) Stress and social change in Poland. Health Place 12, 372–382.Google Scholar
Whitaker, K. L., Jarvis, M. J., Beeken, R. J., Boniface, D. & Wardle, J. (2010) Comparing maternal and paternal intergenerational transmission of obesity risk in a large population-based sample. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 91, 1560–1567.Google Scholar