Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T21:20:51.485Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

MODELLING THE VICIOUS CIRCLE BETWEEN OBESITY AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS USING A BIVARIATE PROBIT MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS REGRESSORS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 January 2014

C-Y. YEH ,
L-J. CHEN ,
P-W KU  and
C-M. CHEN
C-Y. YEH*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
L-J. CHEN
Affiliation:
Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Physical Education and Sport, Taiwan
P-W KU
Affiliation:
Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Taiwan
C-M. CHEN*
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
*
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
1Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The increasing prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has become one of the most important public health issues around the world. Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for obesity, while being obese could reduce the likelihood of participating in physical activity. Failing to account for the endogeneity between obesity and physical activity would result in biased estimation. This study investigates the relationship between overweight and physical activity by taking endogeneity into consideration. It develops an endogenous bivariate probit model estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The data included 4008 boys and 4197 girls in the 5th–9th grades in Taiwan in 2007–2008. The relationship between overweight and physical activity is significantly negative in the endogenous model, but insignificant in the comparative exogenous model. This endogenous relationship presents a vicious circle in which lower levels of physical activity lead to overweight, while those who are already overweight engage in less physical activity. The results not only reveal the importance of endogenous treatment, but also demonstrate the robust negative relationship between these two factors. An emphasis should be put on overweight and obese children and adolescents in order to break the vicious circle. Promotion of physical activity by appropriate counselling programmes and peer support could be effective in reducing the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 47 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 61 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, K. R., Dwyer, J. J. & Makin, S. (1999) Perceived barriers to physical activity among high school students. Preventive Medicine 28, 608–615.Google Scholar
Amarasinghe, A., D'Souza, G., Brown, C., Oh, H. & Borisova, T. (2009) The influence of socioeconomic and environmental determinants on health and obesity: a West Virginia case study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 6, 2271–2287.Google Scholar
Auld, M. C. (2011) Effect of large-scale social interactions on body weight. Journal of Health Economics 30, 303–316.Google Scholar
Ball, K., Crawford, D. & Owen, N. (2000) Too fat to exercise? Obesity as a barrier to physical activity. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 24, 331–333.Google Scholar
Brixval, C. S., Rayce, S. L., Rasmussen, M., Holstein, B. E. & Due, P. (2012) Overweight, body image and bullying – an epidemiological study of 11- to 15-years olds. European Journal of Public Health 22, 126–130.Google Scholar
Brunello, G., Michaud, P. C. & Sanz-de-Galdeano, A. (2009) The rise of obesity in Europe: an economic perspective. Economic Policy 24, 551–596.Google Scholar
Cali, A. M. & Caprio, S. (2008) Obesity in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 93, S31–36.Google Scholar
Chen, L. J., Fox, K. R., Haase, A. & Wang, J. M. (2006) Obesity, fitness and health in Taiwanese children and adolescents. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 1367–1375.Google Scholar
Cole, T. J., Bellizzi, M. C., Flegal, K. M. & Dietz, W. H. (2000) Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. British Journal of Medicine 320, 1240–1243.Google Scholar
Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E.et al. (2003) International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ): 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, 1381–1395.Google Scholar
Deforche, B., Lefevre, J., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Hills, A. P., Duquet, W. & Bouckaert, J. (2003) Physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese flemish youth. Obesity Research 11, 434–441.Google Scholar
Dietz, W. H. Jr. & Gortmaker, S. L. (1985) Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 75, 807–812.Google Scholar
Ding, W., Lehrer, S. F., Rosenquist, J. N. & Audrain-McGovern, J. (2009) The impact of poor health on academic performance: new evidence using genetic markers. Journal of Health Economics 28, 578–597.Google Scholar
Duncan, S. C., Duncan, T. E., Strycker, L. A. & Chaumeton, N. R. (2007) A cohort-sequential latent growth model of physical activity from ages 12 to 17 years. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 33, 80–89.Google Scholar
Faith, M. S., Leone, M. A., Ayers, T. S., Heo, M. & Pietrobelli, A. (2002) Weight criticism during physical activity, coping skills, and reported physical activity in children. Pediatrics 110, e23.Google Scholar
Feldman, D. E., Barnett, T., Shrier, I., Rossignol, M. & Abenhaim, L. (2003) Is physical activity differentially associated with different types of sedentary pursuits? Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 157, 797–802.Google Scholar
Fox, C. L. & Farrow, C. V. (2009) Global and physical self-esteem and body dissatisfaction as mediators of the relationship between weight status and being a victim of bullying. Journal of Adolescence 32, 1287–1301.Google Scholar
French, S. A., Mitchell, N. R. & Hannan, P. J. (2012) Decrease in television viewing predicts lower body mass index at 1-year follow-up in adolescents, but not adults. Journal of Nutrition and Education Behavior 44, 415–422.Google Scholar
Fu, T., Wen, T., Yeh, P. & Chang, H. (2008) Costs of metabolic syndrome-related diseases induced by obesity in Taiwan. Obesity Review 9, 68–73.Google Scholar
Garaulet, M., Martinez, A., Victoria, F., Perez-Llamas, F., Ortega, R. M. & Zamora, S. (2000) Difference in dietary intake and activity level between normal-weight and overweight or obese adolescents. Journal of Pediatric and Gastroenterology Nutrition 30, 253–258.Google Scholar
Gray, W. N., Janicke, D. M., Ingerski, L. M. & Silverstein, J. H. (2008) The impact of peer victimization, parent distress and child depression on barrier formation and physical activity in overweight youth. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 29, 26–33.Google Scholar
Guo, Q. Z., Ma, W. J., Nie, S. P., Xu, Y. J., Xu, H. F. & Zhang, Y. R. (2010) Relationships between weight status and bullying victimization among school-aged adolescents in Guangdong Province of China. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 23, 108–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoffmans, M. D., Kromhout, D. & de Lezenne Coulander, C. (1988) The impact of body mass index of 78,612 18-year old Dutch men on 32-year mortality from all causes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 41, 749–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, W. Y., Wong, S. H. & Salmon, J. (2013) Correlates of physical activity and screen-based behaviors in Chinese children. Journal of Science Medicine and Sport doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.1012.1011.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janssen, I., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Boyce, W. F., Vereecken, C., Mulvihill, C., Roberts, C.et al. (2005) Comparison of overweight and obesity prevalence in school-aged youth from 34 countries and their relationships with physical activity and dietary patterns. Obesity Reviews 6, 123–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, C. D., Blair, S. N. & Jackson, A. S. (1999) Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 69, 373–380.Google Scholar
Li, Y., Zhai, F., Yang, X., Schouten, E. G., Hu, X., He, Y.et al. (2007) Determinants of childhood overweight and obesity in China. British Journal of Nutrition 97, 210–215.Google Scholar
Liou, T. H., Huang, Y. C. & Chou, P. (2009) Prevalence and secular trends in overweight and obese Taiwanese children and adolescents in 1991–2003. Annals of Human Biology 36, 176–185.Google Scholar
Liou, Y. M., Liou, T. H. & Chang, L. C. (2010) Obesity among adolescents: sedentary leisure time and sleeping as determinants. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66, 1246–1256.Google Scholar
Marshall, S. J., Biddle, S. J., Gorely, T., Cameron, N. & Murdey, I. (2004) Relationships between media use, body fatness and physical activity in children and youth: a meta-analysis. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 28, 1238–1246.Google Scholar
Must, A. (1996) Morbidity and mortality associated with elevated body weight in children and adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63, 445–447S.Google Scholar
Must, A., Jacques, P. F., Dallal, G. E., Bajema, C. J. & Dietz, W. H. (1992) Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935. New England Journal of Medicine 327, 1350–1355.Google Scholar
Newey, W. K. (1987) Efficient estimation of limited dependent variable models with endogenous explanatory variables. Journal of Econometrics 36, 231–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perez-Rodrigo, C. & Aranceta, J. (2003) Nutrition education in schools: experiences and challenges. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, S82–85.Google Scholar
Popkin, B. M., Kim, S., Rusev, E. R., Du, S. & Zizza, C. (2006) Measuring the full economic costs of diet, physical activity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Obesity Reviews 7, 271–293.Google Scholar
Reilly, J. J., Kelly, L., Montgomery, C., Williamson, A., Fisher, A., McColl, J. H.et al. (2006) Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children: cluster randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Medicine 333, 1041.Google Scholar
Rey-Lopez, J. P., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Biosca, M. & Moreno, L. A. (2008) Sedentary behaviour and obesity development in children and adolescents. Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 18, 242–251.Google Scholar
Rittenhouse, M., Salvy, S. J. & Barkley, J. E. (2011) The effect of peer influence on the amount of physical activity performed in 8- to 12-year-old boys. Pediatric Exercise Science 23, 49–60.Google Scholar
Robbins, L. B., Pender, N. J. & Kazanis, A. S. (2003) Barriers to physical activity perceived by adolescent girls. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 48, 206–212.Google Scholar
Robinson, T. N. (1999) Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of American Medical Association 282, 1561–1567.Google Scholar
Robinson, T. N., Killen, J. D., Kraemer, H. C., Wilson, D. M., Matheson, D. M., Haskell, W. L.et al. (2003) Dance and reducing television viewing to prevent weight gain in African-American girls: the Stanford Gems pilot study. Ethnicity & Diseases 13, S65–77.Google Scholar
Salvy, S. J., Roemmich, J. N., Bowker, J. C., Romero, N. D., Stadler, P. J. & Epstein, L. H. (2009) Effect of peers and friends on youth physical activity and motivation to be physically active. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 34, 217–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saylor, C. F. & Leach, J. B. (2009) Perceived bullying and social support in students accessing special inclusion programming. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 21, 69–80.Google Scholar
Sentenac, M., Arnaud, C., Gavin, A., Molcho, M., Gabhainn, S. N. & Godeau, E. (2012) Peer victimization among school-aged children with chronic conditions. Epidemiologic Reviews 34, 120–128.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, S. R., Bao, W., Wattigney, W. A. & Berenson, G. S. (1996) Adolescent overweight is associated with adult overweight and related multiple cardiovascular risk factors: the Bogalusa heart study. Metabolism: Clinical & Experimental 45, 235–240.Google Scholar
Srinivasan, S. R., Myers, L. & Berenson, G. S. (2002) Predictability of childhood adiposity and insulin for developing insulin resistance syndrome (syndrome x) in young adulthood: the Bogalusa heart study. Diabetes 51, 204–209.Google Scholar
Storch, E. A., Milsom, V. A., Debraganza, N., Lewin, A. B., Geffken, G. R. & Silverstein, J. H. (2007) Peer victimization, psychosocial adjustment, and physical activity in overweight and at-risk-for-overweight youth. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 32, 80–89.Google Scholar
Swallen, K. C., Reither, E. N., Haas, S. A. & Meier, A. M. (2005) Overweight, obesity, and health-related quality of life among adolescents: the national longitudinal study of adolescent health. Pediatrics 115, 340–347.Google Scholar
Swinburn, B. & Shelly, A. (2008) Effects of TV time and other sedentary pursuits. International Journal of Obesity (London) 32, S132–136.Google Scholar
Taylor, R. W., McAuley, K. A., Williams, S. M., Barbezat, W., Nielsen, G. & Mann, J. I. (2006) Reducing weight gain in children through enhancing physical activity and nutrition: the apple project. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 1, 146–152.Google Scholar
Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Rey-Lopez, J. P., Martin-Matillas, M., Moreno, L. A., Warnberg, J., Redondo, C.et al. (2008) Television watching, videogames, and excess of body fat in Spanish adolescents: the Avena study. Nutrition 24, 654–662.Google Scholar
Vreeman, R. C. & Carroll, A. E. (2007) A systematic review of school-based interventions to prevent bullying. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 161, 78–88.Google Scholar
Wang, G. & Dietz, W. H. (2002) Economic burden of obesity in youths aged 6 to 17 years: 1979–1999. Pediatrics 109, E81–81.Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Beydoun, M. A., Liang, L., Caballero, B. & Kumanyika, S. K. (2008) Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity 16, 2323–2330.Google Scholar
Weiss, R., Dziura, J., Burgert, T. S., Tamborlane, W. V., Taksali, S. E., Yeckel, C. W.et al. (2004) Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. New England Journal of Medicine 350, 2362–2374.Google Scholar
Wilks, D. C., Besson, H., Lindroos, A. K. & Ekelund, U. (2011) Objectively measured physical activity and obesity prevention in children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review of prospective studies. Obesity Reviews 12, e119–129.Google Scholar
Yen, S. T., Chen, Z. & Eastwood, D. B. (2009) Lifestyles, demographics, dietary behavior, and obesity: a switching regression analysis. Health Service Research 44, 1345–1369.Google Scholar
Zabinski, M. F., Saelens, B. E., Stein, R. I., Hayden-Wade, H. A. & Wilfley, D. E. (2003) Overweight children's barriers to and support for physical activity. Obesity Research 11, 238–246.Google Scholar