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The structure and migration patterns of the population of Uruguay through isonymy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2019

A. Carrieri ,
M. Sans Open the ORCID record for M. Sans [Opens in a new window] ,
J. E. Dipierri ,
E. Alfaro ,
E. Mamolini ,
M. Sandri ,
A. Rodríguez-Larralde ,
C. Scapoli  and
I. Barrai
A. Carrieri
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
M. Sans*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Antropologia Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
J. E. Dipierri
Affiliation:
Departamento de Antropologia Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
E. Alfaro
Affiliation:
Departamento de Antropologia Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
E. Mamolini
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
M. Sandri
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
A. Rodríguez-Larralde
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (UNJu – CONICET), Instituto de Biología de la Altura, Universidad de Jujuy, S. Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
C. Scapoli
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
I. Barrai
Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract

Surname distribution can be a useful tool for studying the genetic structure of a human population. In South America, the Uruguay population has traditionally been considered to be of European ancestry, despite its trihybrid origin, as proved through genetics. The aim of this study was to investigate the structure of the Uruguayan population, resulting from population movements and surname drift in the country. The distribution of the surnames of 2,501,774 people on the electoral register was studied in the nineteen departments of Uruguay. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate isonymic parameters. Isolation by Distance was measured by correlating isonymic and geographic distances. In the study sample, the most frequent surnames were consistently Spanish, reflecting the fact that the first immigration waves occurred before Uruguayan independence. Only a few surnames of Native origin were recorded. The effective surname number (α) for the entire country was 302, and the average for departments was 235.8 ± 19. Inbreeding estimates were lower in the south-west of the country and in the densely populated Montevideo area. Isonymic distances between departments were significantly correlated with linear geographic distance (p < 0.001) indicating continuously increasing surname distances up to 400 km. Surnames form clusters related to geographic regions affected by different historical processes. The isonymic structure of Uruguay shows a radiation towards the east and north, with short-range migration playing a major role, while the contribution of drift, considering the small variance of α, appears to be minor.

Keywords

Population StructureGeographic distributionMigration
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 52 , Issue 2 , March 2020 , pp. 300 - 314
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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Footnotes

†

Contributed equally.

‡

Contributed equally.

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