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Some Probable Bronze Age Influences in Melanesian Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2011

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Among Melanesian stone implements there is a group of axes, . of rather limited distribution, that differ fundamentally from all the other Melanesian axes. They are relatively flat; some have a rectangular outline; others are pointed at the upper end and have a rounded, in some cases broad, cutting edge. At about the upper third or the middle, a shallow groove runs around these axes. This leads to the protrusion of slight swellings of the sides or of actual trunnions, some of them being 2 cm long, 2 cm broad and 1 cm high. These axes have been recorded in Bougainville, Buka, Nissan, Carteret, the Shortland Islands, northern Choiseul, Vella Lavella, and Guadalcanal, as well as on the French Islands, Cape Willaumez, and the South Cape of New Britain (see illustration).

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Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1950

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References

* Dr. Risenfeld is Research Associate of the American Museum of Natural History. This article was written while he was a Research Associate of the Viking Fund.

1 R. Parkinson, Dreissig jahre in der Suedsee (Stuttgart, 1907), 239, 497-500, fig. 39, and “Zur ethnographie der nordwestlichen Salomo-Inseln,” Abhandl. und berichte des Koenigl. Zoolog. und Anthropolog. Ethnogr. Mus. zu Dresden, 7, no. 6(1898/99), 25-27, and “Die volksstaemme Neu Pommerns,” ibid., no. 5 (1899), 11, 13 If.; F. Graebner and E. Stephan, Neu Mecklenburg (1907), 176; F. Krause, “Zur ethnographie der Insel Nissan,” Jahrbuch d. slaedt. Mus. f. Voelkerhunde zu Leipzig (Leipzig, 1907), 122-124; E. Paravicini, Reisen in den britischen Salomonen (Frauenfeld und Leipzig, 1931), 78; E. Paravicini, Fuehrer durch das Museum fuer Voelkerkunde, Basel, 13 f.; R. Rolston, “Notes on some Melanesian wood-working implements,” Journal Polynesian Society, 54 (1945), 213. I am indebted to Dr. Heine-Geldern for having drawn my attention to this latter publication.

2 Ch. Fürer-Haimendorf, “Zur urgeschichte Australiens,” Anthropos, 31 (1936), 2931.Google Scholar

3 P. V. van Stein-Callenfels, “An advance in Far Eastern prehistory. Prehistoric kitchen-middens in the Straits Settlements,” Illustrated London news (Jan. 5, 1935), 15, fig. 3.

4 Fürer-Haimendorf, 441 ff.

5 Paravicini, Reisen in den britischen Salomonen, 78.

6 Casey, D. A., “Some prehistoric artifacts from the territory of New Guinea,” Memoirs of the National Museum Melbourne, no. 11 (Melbourne, 1939), 144 ff., fig. 3, p1. VI.Google Scholar

7 R. Heine-Geldern, “Prehistoric research in the Netherlands Indies” in Science and Scientists in the Netherlands Indies, Surinam and Curacao; reprinted by the Southeast Asia Institute (New York, 1945), 143, fig. 43; Th. van der Hoop, Catalogus der praehistorische verxameling. Kon. Bataviaasch Genootsch. van Kunsten en Wetenschappen (Bandoeng, 1941), figs. 51, 52, 54; A. B. Meyer, and O. Richter, “Ethnographische miszellen,” Abhandl. und berichte d. Koenigl. Zoolog. und Anthropolog. Ethnogr. Mus. zu Dresden, 10, no. 6 (1902/03), 77 ff., figs. 7, 8, 10, etc.

8 The dovetail form of the socket part of some of these axes can hardly be compared with the trunnionlike projections of the Melanesian axes, although in some cases the dovetail end has a marked outward curve. See van der Hoop, fig. 51 B, fig. 54.

9 G. R. C. van der Sande, “Ethnography and anthropology,” Nova Guinea, 3 (Leiden, 1907), 225 if., pi. XXIV, figs. 2, 3; G. R. C. van der Sande, “Kupferobjekte von Nord Neuguinea,” Intern, arch. f. ethnographic, 16(1904), 247, figs. 1, 2; van der Hoop, fig. 53.

10 Casey, 145.

11 Heine-Geldern, 151.

12 This, in his opinion, is a younger megalilhic wave. The Melanesian material does not yet permit distinguishing clearly between various waves of megalithic immigrations.

13 R. Heine-Geldern, “Archaeological traces of the Vedic Aryans,” Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art (Dec. 1936), 1–7.