Hostname: page-component-669899f699-rg895 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-24T22:54:33.013Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Representing Nationality in China: Refiguring Majority/Minority Identities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 March 2010

Dru C. Gladney
Get access

Extract

The following statement was made by a private taxi driver as I was on my way into the city from the Beijing Capital Airport shortly before the 1991 Chinese New Year's Spring Festival. It raises many of the issues addressed in this article:

I try to stay clear of politics. On New Year's Eve, I'm not going to light fireworks like everyone else, and that's how I'll show that I don't support the government. If I don't set off fireworks, all my neighbors will know that I don't give a damn about this country. I'm just going to sit at home and watch the special New Year's program on TV. They'll have a lot of acrobats, singers, comedians, and minority dances.

Type
Dimensions of Ethnic and Cultural Nationalism in Asia—A Symposium
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 53 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 92 - 123
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

List of References

Ahmad, Aijaz. 1992. In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Allworth, Edward. 1980. “Ambiguities in Russian Group Identity and Leadership of the RSFSR.” In Allworth, Edward, ed., Ethnic Russia in the USSR: The Dilemma of Dominance. New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Alloula, Malek. 1986. The Colonial Harem. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1991 (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Second Edition. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 1986. “Theory in Anthropology: Center and Periphery.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 13:745–61.Google Scholar
Ardener, Shirley. 1987. “A Note on Gender Iconography: The Vagina.” In Caplan, Pat, ed. The Cultural Construction of Sexuality, pp. 113–42. London: Routledge Press.Google Scholar
Arkush, R. David. 1981. Fei Xiaotong and Sociology in Revolutionary China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Befu, Harumi, ed. 1993. Cultural Nationalism in East Asia: Representation and Identity. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Berry, Chris, ed. 1991. Perspectives on Chinese Cinema. London: BFI Publishing.Google Scholar
Blaut, James M. 1987. The National Question: Decolonising the Theory of Nationalism. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Boas, Franz. 1955. Primitive Art. First edition, 1927. New York: Dover Publications.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cahill, James. 1983. “Figure, Bird, and Flower Painting in China Today.” In Lim, Lucy, ed., Contemporary Chinese Painting. San Francisco: Chinese Culture Foundation.Google Scholar
Caplan, Pat. 1987. “Introduction.” In Caplan, Pat, ed., The Cultural Construction of Sexuality, pp. 1–30. London: Routledge Press.Google Scholar
Chang, Arnold. 1980. Painting in the People's Republic of China: The Politics of Style. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, Partha. 1986. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, Partha 1989. “Colonialism, Nationalism, and Colonized Woman: The Contest in India.” American Ethnologist 16.4:622–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ch'ēn, Yüan. 1966. Western and Central Asians in China Under the Mongols: Their Transformation into Chinese. Monumenta Serica Monograph XV. Los Angeles: Monumenta Serica at the University of California.Google Scholar
China Islamic Association. 1985. A Collection of Painting and Calligraphy Solicited for Charity in Aid of the Disabled. Beijing: Renmin Meishu Publication Society.Google Scholar
Chinese Nationalities. 1989. Beijing: China Nationality Photography and Art Press.Google Scholar
Chow, Rey. 1990. Woman and Chinese Modernity: The Politics of Reading Between East and West. Minnesota and Oxford: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Paul. 1987a. “Ethnic Minorities in Chinese Films: Cinema and the Exotic.” The East-West Film Journal Vol. 1, No. 2: 15–32.Google Scholar
Clark, Paul 1987b. Chinese Cinema. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Joan Lebold. 1987. The New Chinese Painting 1949–1986. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc.Google Scholar
Cohen, Joan Lebold. 1988. The Yunnan School: A Renaissance in Chinese Painting. Minneapolis: Fingerhut Group Publishers.Google Scholar
Comaroff, John. 1987. “Of Totemism and Ethnicity: Consciousness, Practice and the Signs of Inequality.” Ethnos 52.3–4:301–23.Google Scholar
Connor, Walker. 1984. The National Question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Diamond, Norma. 1988. “The Miao and Poison: Interactions on China's Southwest Frontier.” Ethnology 27.1:1–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dittmer, Lowell and Kim, Samuel S., eds. 1993. China's Quest for a National Identity. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dominguez, Virginia R. 1986. White By Definition: Social Classification in Creole Louisiana. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Eberhard, Wolfram. 1982. China's Minorities: Yesterday and Today. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth.Google Scholar
Xiaotong, Fei. 1981. “Ethnic Identification in China.” In Toward a People's Anthropology. Beijing: New World Press.Google Scholar
Xiaotong, Fei. 1989. “Zhonghua minzu de duoyuan jiti juge” (Plurality and Unity in the Configuration of the Chinese Nationality). Beijing Daxue Xuebao 4:1–19.Google Scholar
Frankenberg, Ruth. 1993. White Women, Race Matters: The Social Construction of Whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1980. The History of Sexuality. Trans. Hurley, Robert. Vol. 1. New York: Vintage Press.Google Scholar
Gansu. 1982. Lanzhou: Gansu People's Publishing Society.Google Scholar
Garber, Marjorie. 1992. “The Occidental Tourist: M. Butterfly and the Scandal of Transvestism.” In Parker, Andrew, Russo, MarySommer, Doris, and Yaeger, Patricia, eds., Nationalisms and Sexualities, pp. 121–46. London: Routledge Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 1963. “The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States.” In Geertz, Clifford, ed., Old Societies and New States. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. 1990a. “The Peoples of the People's Republic: Finally in the Vanguard?” The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 12.1:62–76.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. 1990b. “The Ethnogenesis of the Uighur.” Central Asian Survey 9.1:1–28.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. 1990c. “Bodily Positions and Social Dispositions: Sexuality, Nationality and Tiananmen.” Paper presented at the Social Sciences Seminar, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, April 19.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. 1991. Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People–s Republic. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Council on East Asia.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. In Press, a. “Salman Rushdie in China: Religion, Ethnicity, and State Definition in the People's Republic.” In Keyes, Charles F.Kendall, Laurel and Hardacre, Helen eds., Asian Visions of Authority: Religion and the Modern States of East and Southeast Asia. Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. In Press, b. “The Making of a Muslim Minority in China: Dialogue and Contestation.” Etudes Oriental 13/14:115–42.Google Scholar
Gladney, Dru C. In Press, c. “Ethnic Identity in China: The New Politics of Difference.” In Joseph, William A. ed., China Briefing, 1994. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Hechter, Michael. 1975. Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development, 1536–1966. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1983. “Mass-Producing Traditions: Europe, 1870–1914.” In Hobsbawm, Eric and Ranger, Terence, eds., The Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1991. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1993. “The Clash of Civilizations?” Foreign Affairs 72.3:22–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huxley, Julian S. and Haddon, A. C.. 1936. We Europeans: A Survey of “Racial” Problems. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Binggao, Jin. 1984. “The Marxist Definition of Nationality, Its Origin and Influence.” Minyuan Xuebao 3:64–67.Google Scholar
Keyes, Charles F. 1981. “The Dialectics of Ethnic Change.” In Keyes, Charles, ed., Ethnic Change. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Kondo, Dorinne. 1989. Crafting Selves. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kristeva, Julia. 1993. About Chinese Women. Barrows, Anita, trans. Original French edition, 1974, Des Chinoises. New York: Marion Boyars Publishers, Inc.Google Scholar
Laing, Ellen Johnston. 1988. The Winking Owl: Art in the People's Republic of China. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Lal, Amrit. 1970. “Sinification of Ethnic Minorities in China.” Current Scene 8.4:1–25.Google Scholar
Lee, Chae-Jin. China's Korean Minority: The Politics of Ethnic Education. Boulder: Westview Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Lufkin, Felicity. 1990. Images of Minorities in the Art of the Peoples Republic of China. M.A. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Lutz, Katherine and Collins, Jane L.. 1993. Reading National Geographic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Yin, Ma, ed. 1989. China's Minority Nationalities. Beijing: People's Publishing Society.Google Scholar
Mayer, Iona. 1975. “The Patriarchal Image: Routine Dissociation in Gusii Families.” African Studies 34.4:260–76.Google Scholar
Mckhann, Charles F. Forthcoming. “The Naxi and the Nationalities Question.” In Harrell, Stevan, ed., The Civilizing Project: Peripheral Peoples of China Through the Eyes of Confucians, Christians and Communists. Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Gong, Minzu Wenhua (The Cultural Palace of Nationalities). 1990. Full color brochure. Beijing: Beijing Xingguang Caiyinchang.Google Scholar
Morgan, Lewis Henry. 1985. Ancient Society. First edition, 1878. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Mosse, George L. 1985. Nationalism and Sexuality: Middle-Class Morality and Sexual Norms in Modern Europe. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Mudimbe, V. Y. 1988. The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Naquin, Susan and Rawski, Evelyn S.. 1987. Chinese Society in the Eighteenth Century. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nationality Pictorial (Minzu Huabao). Minzu Fengmao: “Minzu Huabao” Qujingzuopin xuan, 1955–85 (Nationality Special Characteristics: “Nationality Pictorial” Selected Photographs, 1955–85). 1985. Beijing: Nationalities Publishing Society.Google Scholar
Paglia, Camille. 1990. Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Parker, AndrewRusso, MarySommer, Doris and Yaeger, Patricia, eds. 1992. “Introduction.” In Parker, AndrewRusso, MarySommer, Doris and Yaeger, Patricia, eds., Nationalisms and Sexualities, pp. 1–20. London: Routledge Press.Google Scholar
A Picture Album of Turpan Landscape and Custom. 1985. (Tulufan Fengqing Huaji). Urumqi: Sinkiang People's Press.Google Scholar
Population Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China and the Institute of Geography of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1987. The Population Atlas of China. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Price, Sally. 1989. Primitive Art in Civilized Places. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fangfu, Ruan. 1991. Editorial Assistance provided by Molleen Matsumura. Sex in China: Studies in Sexology in Chinese Culture. New York: Plenum Press.Google Scholar
Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Schein, Louisa. 1990. “Barbarians Beautified: The Ambivalences of Chinese Nationalism.” Paper presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Anthropological Association. New Orleans, December 2, 1990.Google Scholar
Schell, Orville. 1989. Discos and Democracy: China in the Throes of Reform. New York: Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Shils, Edward, ed. 1975. Center and Periphery: Essays in Macro-sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1990. “Women in Difference: Mahasweta Devi's ‘Duoloti the Beautiful.’ ” In Parker, AndrewRusso, MarySommer, Doris and Yaeger, Patricia eds., Nationalisms and Sexualities, pp. 96–120. London: Routledge Press.Google Scholar
Sprinker, Michael. 1993. “The National Question: Said, Ahmad, Jameson.” Public Culture 6.1:3–30.Google Scholar
Stalin, J. V. 1953. Works. 1907–1913. Volume 11. Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House.Google Scholar
director, Su Xiaokang. 1989. He Shang (River Elegy). 6-part television series. Beijing.Google Scholar
Yatsen, Sun. 1924. The Three Principles of the People: San Min Chu I. Taipei: China Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Thierry, Francois. 1989. “Empire and Minority in China.” In Chaliand, Gérard, ed., Minority Peoples in the Age of Nation-States. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Kuang, Ting Shoo. 1990. Hiestand Gallery, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, September 15-October 12. Oxford, Ohio: Segal Fine Art.Google Scholar
Enzheng, Tong. 1989. “Morgan's Model and the Study of Ancient Chinese Society,” Social Sciences in China. Summer: 182–205.Google Scholar
Wang, Yuejin. 1989. “Mixing Memory and Desire: Red Sorghum: A Chinese Version of Masculinity and Femininity.” Public Culture 2.1:31–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Mary Clabaugh. 1957. The Last Stand of Chinese Conservativism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Worsley, Peter. 1984. The Three Worlds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wudunn, Sheryl. 1991. “China Opposes Oscar Nomination of Film It Suppresses at Home.” New York Times, February 25: Bl, B3.Google Scholar
Yang, Kun. 1992. Minzu Xue Diaocha Fangfa (Nationality Studies Research Methodology). Beijing: CASS.Google Scholar