Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T10:25:01.299Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Existentialism and Intellectual Culture in South Vietnam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2014

Get access

Abstract

Among the eclecticism and diversity of the intellectual marketplace in 1960s Saigon, frequent discussions of existentialism stand out. In popular scholarly journals and literary reviews, such as Bách khoa and Đại học, intellectuals, such as Nguyễn Văn Trung and Trần Thái Đỉnh, analyzed the relevance of the works of Malraux, Camus, and Sartre to Buddhism and to the situation of war-torn Vietnam. This article considers two possible reasons why existentialism appealed to intellectuals in South Du's Vietnam. First, it examines whether Vietnamese existentialists were searching for equivalency with Western nations. Second, it discusses how these authors saw existentialism as a useful way to refuse both capitalist and communist political positions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

List of References

Bách khoa. 1957. “Thay lời phi lộ” [Introductory philosophical words]. Bách khoa 1:1.Google Scholar
Barnes, Hazel. 1964. “Translator's Introduction.” In Being and Nothingness, Jean-Paul Sartre, i–xviii. New York: Citadel Press.Google Scholar
Bùi Giáng. 1962. Martin Heidegger và tư tưởng hiện đại: Sartre, Marcel, Camus, Faulkner, phụ bản Shakespeare, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Không Tư, Thần thọai Hy Lạp [Martin Heidegger and modern thought: Sartre, Marcel, Camus, and Faulkner, with an appendix on Shakespeare, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Confucius, and Greek mythology]. Saigon: Vĩnh Phước.Google Scholar
Camus, Albert. 1960. “Người khách trọ” [The stranger]. Đại học 14:4156.Google Scholar
Camus, Albert. 1963. Sự mệnh văn nghệ hiện đại [The mission of modern writing]. Translated by Giao, Trần Phong and introduced by Côn, Nguyễn Mạnh. Saigon: Giao Điểm.Google Scholar
Carman, Taylor, and Hansen, Mark B. N.. 2004. The Cambridge Companion to Merleau-Ponty. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Đại học. 1958. “Lời phi-lộ” [A word about our philosophy]. Đại học 1:5.Google Scholar
Dieckmann, Herbert. 1948. “French Existentialism before Sartre.” Yale French Studies 1:3341.Google Scholar
Đỗ Hữu Nghiêm. 2008. “Giáo sư Trần Thái Đỉnh, một nhân cách chân thành” [Professor Tran Thai Dinh, a sincere person]. Công Giȃo Viȇt Nam, http://www.conggiaovietnam.net/tacgia/Gs.Nghiem/gstranthaidinh.htm (accessed May 1, 2008).Google Scholar
Dommen, Arthur J. 2001. The Indochinese Experience of the French and the Americans: Nationalism and Communism in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.Google Scholar
Dreyfuss, Hubert L., and Wrathall, Mark A.. 2006. A Companion to Phenomenology and Existentialism. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell.Google Scholar
gio-o.com. 2008. “Nguyễn Văn Trung.” http://www.gio-o.com/NguyenVanTrung.html (accessed May 1, 2008).Google Scholar
Hoang, Tuan. 2013. “Ideology in South Vietnam, 1950–1975.” PhD diss., University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Huineng. 1967. The Platform Sutra. Translated by Yampolsky, Philip B.. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobs, Seth. 2006. Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950–1963. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Levenson, Joseph Richmond. 1951. Liang Ch'i Chao and the Mind of Modern China. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lý Chánh Trung. 1967. “Người da đen và thế giới da trắng” [Black people in a white world]. Đất nước 1:117–28.Google Scholar
McHale, Shawn. 2002. “Vietnamese Marxism, Dissent, and the Politics of Postcolonial Memory: Trần Đức Thảo, 1946–1993.” Journal of Asian Studies 61(1):731.Google Scholar
McHale, Shawn. 2004. Print and Power: Confucianism, Communism, and Buddhism in the Making of Modern Vietnam. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press.Google Scholar
Moran, Dermot. 2000. Introduction to Phenomenology. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ngô Trọng Anh. 1968. “Thời gian qua Kant, Hegel, và Heidegger” [The Kant, Hegel, and Heidegger eras]. Tư tương 4–5:2688.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Cuong Tu. 1995. “Rethinking Vietnamese Buddhist History: Is the Thiên Uyển Tập Anh a ‘Transmission of the Lamp’ Text?” In Essays into Vietnamese Pasts, eds. Taylor, K. W. and Whitmore, John K., 81115. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Southeast Asia Publications.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Lien-Hang Thi. 2012. Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Nathalie. 2000. “A Classical Heroine and Her Modern Manifestation: The Tale of Kieu and Its Modern Parallels in Printemps Inachevé.” French Review 73(3):454–62.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Ngọc Lan. 1968. “Martin Luther King: Người con da đen của Thánh Gandhi” [Martin Luther King: The black child of Saint Gandhi]. Bách khoa 271 (April 15):6472.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Toại. 1958. “Dân Việt trước nhà triều” [Vietnamese people before the dynasties]. Đại học 6:1718.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Trọng Văn. 1967. “Triết học hiện sinh và những người cầm bút miền Nam” [Existentialist philosophy and southern writers]. Đất nước 2:16.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Trọng Văn. 1968a. “Nghĩ về hiện tượng hippies” [Thoughts about the hippie phenomenon]. Bách khoa 268 (March 1):123–31.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Trọng Văn. 1968b. “Những người con hoang của Nguyễn Văn Trung” [Nguyen Van Trung's bastard children]. Bách khoa 264 (January 1):5161.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Lục. 2005. “Đôi dòng tưởng niệm cố Giáo sư Trần Thái Đỉnh” [Some lines in memory of Professor Tran Thai Dinh]. Calitoday, http://www.calitoday.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=bce919922d0aca5016136661b4e967b0 (accessed May 1, 2008).Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Lục. 2006. “20 năm triết học Tây Phương ở miền Nam Việt Nam 1955–1975” [Twenty years of Western philosophy in southern Vietnam, 1955–1975]. Hợp lưu 89119.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Trung. 1958a. Biện-chứng giải-thoát trong phật-giáo [The dialectics of release in Buddhism]. Huế: Đại hoc.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Trung. 1958b. “Vấn đề giải thoát con người trong phạt giáo và tư tương của J.P. Sartre” [Issues of human release in Buddhism and the philosophy of J. P. Sartre]. Đại học 2:3461.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Trung. 1965. “Chiến tranh và cách mạng” [War and revolution]. Hành trình 6:324.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Trung. 1967. “Đọc sách Trần Thái Đỉnh, Triết học hiện sinh” [Review of Tran Thai Dinh, Existential Philosophy]. Bách khoa 251 (June 15):8081.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Trung. 1968a. “Công giáo và cộng sản ở Việt Nam” [Catholicism and communism in Vietnam]. Đất nước 8:22109.Google Scholar
Nguyễn Văn Trung. 1968b. “Sartre trong đời tôi” [Sartre in my life]. Bách khoa 265–66 (January 15 and February 1): 117–122; Bách khoa 267–68 (February 15 and March 1): 31–38; Bách khoa 269–70 (March 15 and April 1): 17–34.Google Scholar
Pelley, Patricia M. 2002. Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1957. Existentialism and Human Emotions. New York: Philosophical Library.Google Scholar
Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1964a. Being and Nothingness. New York: Citadel Press.Google Scholar
Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1964b. Nausea. New York: New Directions.Google Scholar
Schafer, John. 2007. “Death, Buddhism, and Existentialism in the Songs of Trịnh Công Sơn.” Journal of Vietnamese Studies 2(1):144–86.Google Scholar
Smart, Ninian. 1999. Dimensions of the Sacred: An Anatomy of the World's Beliefs. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Thế Phong. 1967. Friedrich Nietzsche và chủ nghĩa đi lên con người [Friedrich Nietzsche and the doctrine of human improvement]. Saigon: Đờ Mới.Google Scholar
Thích Minh Châu. 1968. “Làm thế nào chúng ta có thể phụng” [How can we be of service?]. Tư tưởng 4–5.Google Scholar
Thompson, Virginia. 1952. “The Vietnamese Community in France.” Pacific Affairs 25(1):4958.Google Scholar
Topmiller, Robert J. 2002. The Lotus Unleashed: The Buddhist Peace Movement in South Vietnam, 1964–66. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.Google Scholar
Tran, Nu-Anh. 2006. “South Vietnamese Identity, American Intervention, and the Newspaper Chính Luận [Political Discussion], 1965–69.” Journal of Vietnamese Studies 1(1–2):169209.Google Scholar
Trần Thái Đỉnh. 1960. “Giới thiệu triết học Merleau-Ponty” [An introduction to the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty]. Đại học 18:1348.Google Scholar
Trần Thái Đỉnh. 1967. Triết học hiện sinh [Existential philosophy]. Saigon: Thời Mới.Google Scholar
Trần Thái Đỉnh. 1968a. “Ba-lê, chiều-hướng văn học mới” [Paris, the new direction in literature]. Bách khoa 265 (January 1):3439.Google Scholar
Trần Thái Đỉnh. 1968b. “Triết hiện-sinh và chính-trị” [Existential philosophy and politics]. Bách khoa 264 (January 1):912.Google Scholar
Trần Thái Đỉnh. 1969a. Hiện tượng học là gì? [What is phenomenology?]. Saigon: Hướng Mới.Google Scholar
Trần Thái Đỉnh. 1969b. Triết học Kant [Kantian philosophy]. Saigon: Phạm Quang Khai.Google Scholar
Trần Văn Ðoàn. 2008. “Hiện tượng học tại Việt Nam” [Phenomenology in Vietnam]. In Thông diễn học và khoa học xã hội nhân văn [Hermeneutics and the social sciences and humanities], http://www.catholic.org.tw/vntaiwan/thongdien/thongdien4-3.htm (accessed May 1, 2008).Google Scholar
Trương Bửu Lâm. 1958. “Một nền sử học quốc-gia” [Toward a national history]. Đại học 6:310.Google Scholar
Trường Kỳ. 1970. Sài-Gòn choai choai [Teenagers in Saigon]. Saigon: Hoa Biển Đông.Google Scholar
Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa. 2002. Phenomenology World-Wide: Foundations, Expanding Dynamisms, Life-Engagements. Boston: Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
Vietnam Feature Service. 1971. Decade of Expansion for Higher Education in Vietnam. Douglas Pike Collection, Virtual Vietnam Archive, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Tex.Google Scholar
Võ Phiến. 1986. Hai mươi năm văn ḥọc miền nam [Twenty years of southern literature]. Westminster, Calif.: Văn Nghê.Google Scholar
Wayman, Alex. 1974. “The Moon as a Pan-Buddhist Metaphor/Simile.” History of Religions 13(4):251–69.Google Scholar
Woodside, Alexander. 1983. “Introduction.” In The Tale of Kiều, Nguyễn Dữ, xi–xx. Translated by Thong, Huynh Sanh. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Malcolm, X. 1968. “Phiếu bầu hay súng đạn” [The ballot or the bullet]. Đất nước 7:103–40.Google Scholar
Zinoman, Peter. 2011. “Nhân Văn—Giai Phẩm and Vietnamese ‘Reform Communism’ in the 1950s: A Revisionist Interpretation.” Journal of Cold War Studies 13(1):60100.Google Scholar