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Building Bombs, Building a Nation: The State, Chaebŏl, and the Militarized Industrialization of South Korea, 1973–1979

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 November 2019

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Peter Banseok Kwon*
Affiliation:
Peter Banseok Kwon ([email protected]) is Assistant Professor in the Department of East Asian Studies at the University at Albany, State University of New York.
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Abstract

In response to US plans to withdraw troops from South Korea in the 1970s, the Park Chung Hee administration (1961–79) leveraged all defense-related civilian industries to build an independent system of weapons production. In keeping with Park's advancement of military modernization driven by strong private-sector growth, an agenda that he promoted with his banner slogan “rich nation, strong military,” large Korean companies known as chaebŏl were transformed to serve as government contractors that drove both national economic development and military modernization. A case study of one such company, Hanwha, illustrates how the state's hyper-militarization of Korean industries determined the distinct course and character of South Korea's national development. The study highlights the dynamic interplay that occurred between state actors and private-sector CEOs, managers, and laborers in shaping the chaebŏl-centered economic and defense industrialization.

Keywords

chaebŏldefense industrydevelopmental stateeconomic developmentHanwhaKoreamilitarismmilitary modernizationPark Chung Hee
Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Asian Studies , Volume 79 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 51 - 75
Copyright
Copyright © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2019

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References

List of References

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Kwon, Peter Banseok. 2017. “Beyond Patron and Client: Historicizing the Dialectics of US-ROK Relations amid Park Chung Hee's Independent Defense Industry Development in South Korea, 1968–1979.” Seoul Journal of Korean Studies 30(2):185–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwon, Peter Banseok. 2018. “Mars and Manna: Defense Industry and Economic Transformation of Korea under Park Chung Hee.” Korea Journal 58(3):15–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Ryu, Kiljae. 2009. “1960 nyŏndae mal pukhan ŭi tobal kwa Hanmi kwan'gye ŭi kyunyŏl” [North Korea's provocations in the late 1960s and a rupture in US-ROK relations]. In Pak Chŏnghŭi sidae Hanmi kwan'gye [US-Korea relations during the Park Chung Hee era], ed. yŏn'guwŏn, Han'gukhak chungang, 185–242. Seoul: Paeksan sŏdang.Google Scholar
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Schaefer, Bernd. 2004. North Korean “Adventurism” and China's Long Shadow, 1966–1972. Cold War International History Project Working Paper 44. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.Google Scholar
Shaw, William. 1984. South Korean Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Program. Washington, D.C.: US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division.Google Scholar
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