Pancreata of fetal, neonatal and adult cattle were studied immunohistochemically for galanin. The results revealed galanin-like immunoreactivity both in the endocrine cells and in the neural elements. The galanin-like immunoreactive endocrine cells (Gal-LIEC) were confined to the large islets, and were not observed in the islets of Langerhans and exocrine pancreas. They were first detected at the third prenatal month. Their developmental profile showed an increase from fetal to early neonatal stage with a subsequent decrease towards adulthood. The considerable number of Gal-LIEC from late prepartum to early postpartum stage may imply functional significance of galanin during the perinatal development of cattle. Coexistence of galanin and insulin was also observed which may suggest autocrine interaction between the 2 hormones.