Elastic fibres, which are intimately associated with collagen, a major component of the urethra, have been assumed to contribute to the resting urethral closure pressure. The Miller stain for elastin was used to demonstrate elastic fibres in cryostat sections of guinea pig bladder base, vesicourethral junction (VUJ) and urethra. Computerised image analysis was employed to objectively quantify these fibres. Both male and female guinea pigs showed significantly greater amounts of circularly disposed elastic fibres in the VUJ than in the other 2 regions examined. This particular disposition of fibres may be responsible for imparting resiliency and plasticity to the VUJ, allowing it to distend and recoil repeatedly in response to urine outflow. Furthermore, the elastic fibres may be partly responsible for the passive occlusive force in this region. Elastic fibres in the distal urethra were not quantified because of their relative paucity. Sagittal sections of the urethra revealed a mass of longitudinally arranged elastic fibres localised almost exclusively within the mucosa, submucosa and longitudinal smooth muscle layer. Functionally, this arrangement may exist to facilitate urethral length changes that occur in micturition.