Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T22:37:57.888Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The heat production of hens and cockerels maintained for an extended period of time at a constant environmental temperature of 23 °C

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

S. J. B. O'Neill  and
N. Jackson
S. J. B. O'Neill
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5PX, and Department of Agriculture, Northern Ireland
N. Jackson
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 5PX, and Department of Agriculture, Northern Ireland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Hens and cockerels of a White Leghorn strain (‘H & N’) were kept at a constant temperature of 23 °C from 1 year until 2¼ years of age. The mean fasting heat production, which was measured 6 times during this period, varied between 404 and 464 kJ/kg0·75/day for the hens and between 223 and 349 kJ/kg0·75/day for the cockerels. The sex difference in heat production is discussed and an attempt is made to explain the variation in heat production for each sex.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 82 , Issue 3 , June 1974 , pp. 549 - 552
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baldwin, R. L. (1970). Metabolic functions affecting the contribution of adipose tissue to total energy expenditure. Federation Proceedings. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 29, 1277–83.Google Scholar
Barott, H. G. & Pringle, E. M. (1946). Energy and gaseous metabolism of the chicken from hatch to maturity as affected by temperature. Journal of Nutrition 31, 35–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedict, F. G., Landauer, W. & Fox, E. L. (1932). The physiology of normal and frizzle fowl, with special reference to the basal metabolism. Bulletin of the Storrs Agricultural Experimental Station No. 177, 13–101.Google Scholar
Brody, S. (1945). Bioenergetics and growth. New York: Reinhold.Google Scholar
Dukes, H. H. (1937). Studies on the energy metabolism of the hen. Journal of Nutrition 14, 341–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Husbands, D. H. R. & Brown, W. O. (1965). Sex differences in the composition and acetate incorporation into liver lipids of the adult fowl. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14, 445–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, J. C. D. (1954). Heat regulation in birds. In Progress in the Physiology of Farm Animals, vol. 1 (ed. Hammond, J.). London: Butterworth Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Jackson, N. (1970). The effect of restricting the individual daily energy intake of caged layers on the efficiency of egg production. British Poultry Science 11, 93–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeson, S. & Porter-Smith, A. J. (1970). A study of changes in fasting metabolic rate with duration of egg production in the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 11, 275–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, H. H. & Haines, W. T. (1927). The basal metabolism of mature chickens and the net energy value of corn. Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 927–43.Google Scholar
Mitchell, H. H., Card, L. E. & Haines, W. T. (1927). The effect of age, sex and castration on the basal heat production of chickens. Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 945–60.Google Scholar
O'Neill, S. J. B., Balnave, D. & Jackson, N. (1971). The influence of feathering and environmental temperature on the heat production and efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy by the mature cockerel. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 77, 293–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Neill, S. J. B. & Jackson, N. (1974). Observations on the effect of environmental temperature and environment at moult on the heat production and energy requirements of hens and cockerels of a White Leghorn strain. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82, 553–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearce, J. & Brown, W. O. (1971). Carbohydrate metabolism. In Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl, vol. 1 (ed. Bell, D. J. and Freeman, B. M.).Google Scholar
Perek, M. & Sulman, F. (1945). The basal metabolic rate in moulting and laying hens. Endocrinology 36, 240–3.Google Scholar
Romijn, C. & Lokhorst, W. (1961). Climate and poultry. Heat regulation in the fowl. Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde 86, 153–72.Google Scholar
Shannon, D. W. F. & Brown, W. O. (1969 a). The period of adaptation of the fasting metabolic rate of the common fowl to an increase in environmental temperature from 22 °C to 28 °C. British Poultry Science 10, 13–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shannon, D. W. F. & Brown, W. O. (1969 b). Calorimetric studies on the effect of dietary energy source and environmental temperature on the metabolic efficiency of energy utilization by mature Light Sussex cockerels. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 72, 479–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tasaki, I. & Sakurai, H. (1969). Studies on the energy metabolism in the fowl. Memoirs of the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Nagoya University No. 4.Google Scholar
Waring, J. J. & Brown, W. O. (1965). A respiration chamber for the study of energy utilisation for maintenance and production in the laying hen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 65, 139–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waring, J. J. & Brown, W. O. (1967). Calorimetric studies on the utilisation of dietary energy by the laying White Leghorn hen in relation to plane of nutrition and environmental temperature. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 68, 149–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winchester, C. F. (1940). Seasonal metabolic rhythms in the domestic fowl. Poultry Science 19, 239–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood-Gush, D. G. M. & Gilbert, A. B. (1969). Observation on the laying behaviour of hens in battery cages. British Poultry Science 10, 29–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed