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Genetic analysis and hybrid performance of recommended cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones for bean yield in Ghana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2024

Atta Ofori Open the ORCID record for Atta Ofori [Opens in a new window] ,
Francis K. Padi  and
Frank Owusu-Ansah
Atta Ofori*
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New Tafo, Akim, Ghana
Francis K. Padi
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New Tafo, Akim, Ghana
Frank Owusu-Ansah
Affiliation:
Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, Box 8, New Tafo, Akim, Ghana
*
Corresponding author: Atta Ofori; Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Attempts to develop high yielding varieties in Ghana have mostly relied on the introduction of new clones to broaden the range of planting materials for yield improvement. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variation and heritability for bean yield of six recommended cocoa clones using these as males in crosses with five seed garden parents. Twenty-four families obtained from a 5 × 6 North Carolina II (NC II) incomplete factorial mating design together with 19 high yielding single crosses, of which four were standard mixed hybrids, were planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications and evaluated for bean yield over 6 years. To account for the serial correlation among yield data collected from the same plants over years, six models with different covariance structures were tested. The general covariance model emerged appropriate based on Akaike information criterion values with significant (P < 0.01) family × year interaction. Average bean yield was highest in the NC II families followed by the specific crosses then the standard mixed hybrids. Combining ability analysis among the NC II was significant for female, male and female × male interaction along with a narrow-sense heritability of 0.26. Clone CRG 6035 among the males which had good general combining ability could be added to the seed garden parents, while the promising hybrids (NA 33 × SCA 9, SCA 6 × Pound 10, T60/887 × PA 121 and T79/501 × CRG 6035/103) undergo stability tests before release.

Keywords

bean weight combining abilityheritabilityimproved varieties
Type
Crops and Soils Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 162 , Issue 5 , October 2024 , pp. 497 - 506
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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