Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 March 2009
Yield calibration of soil tests in western Nigeria savannah has been difficult owing to low response to P and response to only low P rates despite low available P in the soils. A study on the distribution of P forms in 60 surface soils of the savannah derived from igneous and metamorphic rocks and grouped into 11 classes was made. Average total P was 0·018% and organic P, which varied between 44 and 114 mg/kg, constituted 41% of total P. Active P components made up 40% of total inorganic P, the bulk of which was in the Fe-P fraction. All P forms except non-extractable P correlated significantly with organic matter.
The amounts of P needed to increase available P by 1 mg/kg in the soils, an index of P fixation, was correlated with pH and the free oxides of Fe and Al. The direct role of Fe-oxides and probable indirect effect of organic matter were indicated by regression analysis.
There was minimal maize yield response to P application and this was obtained only at low P rates from which an optimum rate of 20 kg P/ha was suggested. An attempt to use phosphorus sorption capacity (PSC) for P recommendation was not successful probably because of the low PSC values. A quick P recommendation based on available P status, fertilizer factor of 3·0 mg/1 and an optimum available P level derived from the relative yield v. soil P calibration curve was therefore suggested.