Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T15:49:16.036Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of soil sodicity on emergence, growth, development and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

F. H. Gutiérrez Boem  and
R. S. Lavado
F. H. Gutiérrez Boem
Affiliation:
Departamento de Suelos, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
R. S. Lavado
Affiliation:
Departamento de Suelos, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The effects of exchangeable sodium on emergence, growth, development and yield composition of oilseed rape were investigated at Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1992. A pot experiment was performed using five exchangeable sodium levels, expressed as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR: 12, 20, 27, 34 and 44). Soil with nine different exchangeable sodium contents (SAR from 0·5 to 50) and seven different particle size distributions (from sandy loam to clay) were used in a parallel trial to study the effect of soil crusting on oilseed rape emergence. Soil crusts were made using a rainfall simulator after seeds were sown. Both experiments showed that the direct effect of sodium on emergence occurred with SAR values higher than those which caused clay dispersion (SAR > 20). Oilseed rape seedlings could penetrate crusts having a resistance of < 230 kPa. At SAR values > 20, main stem growth and yield decreased significantly (P < 0·05). These reductions were counterbalanced by an increase in the number of secondary stems. At SAR levels > 34, stem number, grain number per pod on the main stem, as well as pod number on both main stem and secondary stems, were reduced, leading to a marked reduction in total yield. The most important agronomic effect of soil sodium on oilseed rape would be at emergence stage, due to soil crusting.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 126 , Issue 2 , March 1996 , pp. 169 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Ashraf, M. & McNeilly, T. (1990). Responses of four Brassica species to sodium chloride. Environmental and Experimental Botany 30, 475–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashraf, M. & Naqvi, M. I. (1992). Growth and ion uptake of four Brassica species as affected by Na/Ca ratio in saline sand culture. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 155, 101–108.Google Scholar
Boiffin, J., Fabre, B., Gautronneau, Y. & Sebillote, M. (1981). Les risques de mauvaise lévee du colza d'hiver en terre battante. Informations Techniques, CETIOM No. 73, 12–28.Google Scholar
Centre Technique Interprofessionel Des Oléagineux Metropolitans (CETIOM) (1978). Colza d'hiver. Cahier Technique1.Google Scholar
Gupta, S. C.. & Larson, W. E. (1979). A model for predicting packing density of soils using particle-size distribution. Soil Science Society of America Journal 43, 758–764.Google Scholar
Gupta, S. K. & Sharma, S. K. (1990). Response of crops to high exchangeable sodium percentage. Irrigation Science 11, 173–179.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez Boem, F. H., Scheiner, J. D. & Lavado, R. S. (1994). Some effects of soil salinity on growth, development and yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 172, 182–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavado, R. S. (1988). Origin, characteristics and management of Solonetz soils in Argentina. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solonetz Soils (Osijek, Yugoslavia), pp. 128–133.Google Scholar
Morrison, M. J., McVetty, P. B. E. & Shaykewich, C. F. (1989). The determination and verification of a baseline temperature for the growth of Westar summer rape. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, 455–464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munns, R. & Termaat, A. (1986). Whole-plant responses to salinity. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 13, 143–160.Google Scholar
Murphy, G. M. & Pascale, N. C. (1989). Agroclimatología de la colza de primavera y su posible difusión en la Argentina. Revista Facultad de Agronomía 10, 159–176.Google Scholar
Nuttall, W. F. (1982). The effect of seeding depth, soil moisture regime, and crust strength on emergence of rape cultivars. Agronomy Journal 74, 1018–1022.Google Scholar
Page, A. L., Miller, R. H. & Keeney, D. R.. (Eds) (1982). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. American Society of Agronomy. Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.Google Scholar
Painuli, D. K.& Abrol, I. P. (1986). Effects of exchangeable sodium on crusting behaviour of a sandy loam soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research 24, 367–376.Google Scholar
Shainberg, I. (1985). The effect of exchangeable sodium and electrolyte concentration on crust formation. Advances in Soil Science 1, 101–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shainberg, I. & Letey, J. (1984). Response of soils to sodic and saline conditions. Hilgardia 52 (2), 1–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiel, R. S. & Yuniwo, E. C. (1993). Decreasing the impact of surface crusting on seedling emergence by spray wetting. Soil Use and Management 9, 40–45.Google Scholar
Singh, M. P., Pandey, S. K., Singh, M., Ram, P. C. & Singh, B. B. (1990). Photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll content in mustard genotypes grown under sodic conditions. Pholosynthetica 24, 623–627.Google Scholar
Singh, S. B., Chhabra, R. & Abrol, I. P. (1979). Effect of exchangeable sodium on the yield and chemical composition of raya (Brassica juncea L.). Agronomy Journal 71, 767–770.Google Scholar
Taboada, M. A., Lavado, R. S. & Camilion, M. C. (1988). Cambios volumétricos en un Natracuol típico. Ciencia del Suelo 6, 151–158.Google Scholar
Tarchitzky, J., Banin, A., Morin, J. & Chen, Y. (1984). Nature, formation and effects of soil crusts formed by water drop impact. Geoderma 33, 135–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, H. M., Parker, J. J. Jr, & Roberson, G. M. (1966). Soil strength and seedling emergence relations. II. A generalized relation for gramineae. Agronomy Journal 58, 393–395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thies, W. & McGregor, D. I. (1989). Analytical methods for the selection of oil content and fatty acid composition. In Oil Crops of the World: their Breeding and Utilization (Eds Röbbelen, G., Downey, R. K. & Ashri, A.), pp. 132–164. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Unger, P. W. (1984). Tillage effects on surface soil physical conditions and sorghum emergence. Soil Science Society of America Journal 48, 1423–1432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yadav, J. S. P. (1981). Salt affected soils and their management in India. Agrokemia es Talajtan 30 (Supplement), 29–46.Google Scholar