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Effects of isovalerate supplementation on morphology and functional gene expression of small intestine mucosa in pre- and post-weaned dairy calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2018

Q. Liu ,
C. Wang ,
Y. L Zhang ,
C. X. Pei ,
S. L Zhang ,
G. Guo ,
W. J. Huo  and
W. Z. Yang
Q. Liu*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
C. Wang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
Y. L Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
C. X. Pei
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
S. L Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
G. Guo
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
W. J. Huo
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
W. Z. Yang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, P. O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Q. Liu, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The present study evaluated the effects of isovalerate supplementation on the development of the small intestinal mucosa in dairy calves. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bull calves at 15 days of age and 45.1 ± 0.36 kg of body weight were assigned randomly to four groups. The treatments were control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. The study comprised 75 days with a 15-day adaptation period followed by a 60-day sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Six calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 30 and 90 days of age. The small intestine morphology and activities of amylase and trypsin improved significantly with increasing age. No interaction between treatments and age was observed. The small intestine length, mucosa layer thickness, villus height and crypt depth increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplementation. However, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was not affected by treatment. Activities of amylase and trypsin increased linearly. The lactase activity increased linearly during the 75-day period and for pre-weaned calves but was unaltered for post-weaned calves. The relative mRNA expressions of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 in the small intestine mucosa increased linearly, and a similar pattern was observed for the expression of peptide transporter-1 in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. The results suggested that small intestine development was promoted by isovalerate in a dose-dependent manner.

Keywords

Dairy calvesgene expressionisovaleratemorphologysmall intestine mucosa
Type
Animal Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 156 , Issue 2 , March 2018 , pp. 272 - 281
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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