Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T06:47:52.844Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of different barley grain preservation techniques on intake, growth and carcase traits of finishing dairy bulls fed grass silage-based rations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2021

A. Huuskonen Open the ORCID record for A. Huuskonen [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Rinne Open the ORCID record for M. Rinne [Opens in a new window]  and
K. Manni Open the ORCID record for K. Manni [Opens in a new window]
A. Huuskonen*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, FI-71750 Maaninka, Finland
M. Rinne
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
K. Manni
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Production Systems, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
*
Author for correspondence: A. Huuskonen, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effects of different barley grain preservation techniques on intake, growth and carcase traits of dairy bulls were determined in a feeding trial using 52 Holstein and 48 Nordic Red bulls which were allotted to four feeding treatments (five pens and 25 bulls per treatment). Spring barley was harvested with a conventional combine harvester and four different preservation techniques formed the four experimental treatments. Dry grain (DG) was dried to the targeted dry matter (DM) concentration of 870–880 g/kg and rolled within 7 days prior to feeding. High moisture grain treated with a formic acid-based additive (FA) was harvested and crimped on the targeted DM content of 700 g/kg. Low moisture grain treated with a urea-based additive (UR) and low moisture grain treated with a propionic acid-based additive (PA) were harvested and crimped on the targeted DM content of 800 g/kg. The bulls were fed with total mixed ration ad libitum. On DM basis, the diets included grass silage (500 g/kg), barley grain (485 g/kg) and a mineral–vitamin mixture (15 g/kg). Daily DM intake (DMI) and live weight gain were 6% higher when crimped grains were used instead of DG (P < 0.05). There were no observed significant differences in DMI, gain or carcase traits between high moisture and low moisture crimped grain treatments or between UR and PA. The current results show that producers have the option to vary grain preservation system without major changes to growth performance or carcase traits.

Keywords

Beef productioncrimped graingrowth performanceHordeum vulgare
Type
Animal Research Paper
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 158 , Issue 8-9 , November 2020 , pp. 748 - 755
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AOAC (1990) Official Methods of Analysis. Arlington, Virginia, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc.Google Scholar
Buchanan-Smith, J, Smith, TK and Morris, JR (2003) High moisture grain and grain byproducts. In Buxton, DR, Muck, RE and Harrison, JH (eds), Silage Science and Technology. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: American Society of Agronomy, pp. 825–854.Google Scholar
Caplis, J, Keane, MG, Moloney, AP and O'Mara, FP (2005) Effects of supplementary concentrate level with grass silage, and separate or total mixed ration feeding, on performance and carcass traits of finishing steers. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 44, 27–43.Google Scholar
EC (2006) Council Regulation (EC) No. 1183/2006 of 24 July 2006 concerning the Community scale for the classification of carcasses of adult bovine animals. Official Journal of the European Union L 214, 1–6.Google Scholar
Flipot, P and Pelletier, G (1980) Influence of methods of conservation on feeding value of high moisture barley fed to dairy steers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60, 939–943.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franco, M, Stefanski, T, Jalava, T, Kuoppala, K, Huuskonen, A and Rinne, M (2019) Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of low moisture-crimped wheat grains manipulated by organic acid-based additives. The Journal of Agricultural Science 157, 245–253.10.1017/S0021859619000546CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, DM, Kennelly, JJ and Mathison, GW (1988) The performance of dairy and feedlot cattle fed sulfur dioxide-treated high moisture barley. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 471–482.10.4141/cjas88-053CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haacker, K, Block, HJ and Weissbach, F (1983) Zur kolorimetrischen Milchsäurebestimmung in Silagen mit p-hydroxydiphenyl. [On the colorimetric determination of lactic acid in silages with p-hydroxydiphenyl]. Archiv für Tierernährung 33, 505–512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, P (1984a) Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley. 3. Feeding value for growing cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland 56, 275–282.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P (1984b) Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley. 1. Preservation and digestibility in pigs. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland 56, 255–263.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P and Huuskonen, A (2020) Modelling effects of carcass weight, dietary concentrate and protein levels on the CH4 emission, N and P excretion of dairy bulls. Livestock Science 232, 103896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, PJ, Blauwiekel, R and Saastamoinen, I (1998) Effects of intraruminal infusions of propionate and butyrate with two different protein supplements on milk production and blood metabolites in dairy cows receiving grass silage based diet. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 77, 213–222.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Nousiainen, J and Rinne, M (2006) Recent developments in forage evaluation with special reference to practical applications. Agricultural and Food Science 15, 293–323.10.2137/145960606779216317CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, P, Rinne, M and Nousiainen, J (2007) Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows; a revision of the relative silage dry matter intake index. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 1, 758–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhtanen, P, Rinne, M and Nousiainen, J (2008) Evaluation of the concentrate factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a development of the relative total diet intake index. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 2, 942–953.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huhtanen, P, Jaakkola, S and Nousiainen, J (2013) An overview of silage research in Finland: from ensiling innovation to advances in dairy cow feeding. Agricultural and Food Science 22, 35–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huida, L, Väätäinen, H and Lampila, M (1986) Comparison of dry matter contents in grass silage as determined by oven drying and gas chromatographic water analysis. Annales Agriculturae Fenniae 25, 215–230.Google Scholar
Huuskonen, A (2011) Effects of barley grain compared to commercial concentrate or rapeseed meal supplementation on performance of growing dairy bulls offered grass silage-based diet. Agricultural and Food Science 20, 191–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huuskonen, A (2014) A comparison of Nordic Red, Holstein-Friesian and Finnish native cattle bulls for beef production and carcass traits. Agricultural and Food Science 23, 159–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huuskonen, A and Huhtanen, P (2015) The development of a model to predict BW gain of growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 9, 1329–1340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huuskonen, A, Khalili, H and Joki-Tokola, E (2007) Effects of replacing different proportions of barley grain by barley fibre on performance of dairy bulls. Agricultural and Food Science 16, 232–244.10.2137/145960607783328227CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huuskonen, A, Khalili, H and Joki-Tokola, E (2008) Need for protein supplementation in the diet of growing dairy bulls fed total mixed ration based on moderate digestible grass silage and barley. Agricultural and Food Science 17, 109–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huuskonen, A, Huhtanen, P and Joki-Tokola, E (2013) The development of a model to predict feed intake by growing cattle. Livestock Science 158, 74–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huuskonen, A, Huhtanen, P and Joki-Tokola, E (2014) Evaluation of protein supplementation for growing cattle fed grass silage-based diets: a meta-analysis. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 8, 1653–1662.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huuskonen, A, Pesonen, M and Honkavaara, M (2017a) Effects of replacing timothy silage by alsike clover silage on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of finishing Aberdeen Angus and Nordic Red bulls. Grass and Forage Science 72, 220–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huuskonen, A, Seppälä, A and Rinne, M (2017b) Effects of silage additives on intake, gain and carcass traits of growing and finishing dairy bulls fed pre-wilted grass silage and barley grain based ration. The Journal of Agricultural Science 155, 1342–1352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaakkola, S, Saarisalo, E and Heikkilä, T (2009) Formic acid treated whole crop barley and wheat silages in dairy cow diets: effects of crop maturity, proportion in the diet, and level and type of concentrate supplementation. Agricultural and Food Science 18, 234–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaufmann, W (1976) Influence of the composition of the ration and feeding frequency on pH regulation in the rumen and on feed intake in ruminants. Livestock Production Science 3, 103–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keady, TWJ, Lively, FO, Kilpatrick, DJ and Moss, BW (2008) The effects of grain treatment, grain feed level and grass silage feed value on the performance of and meat quality from, finishing beef cattle. Animal: An International Journal of Animal Bioscience 2, 149–159.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennelly, JJ, Mathison, GW and de Boer, G (1988) Influence of high-moisture barley on the performance and carcass characteristic of feedlot cattle. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, 811–820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LUKE (2020) Feed Tables and Nutrient Requirements. Helsinki, Finland: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). Available at www.luke.fi/feedtables (verified 1 August 2020).Google Scholar
MAFF (1984) Energy Allowances and Feeding Systems for Ruminants. ADAS Reference book 433. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Manni, K, Rinne, M and Huuskonen, A (2016) Effects of barley intake and allocation regime on performance of growing dairy bulls offered highly digestible grass silage. Livestock Science 191, 72–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCullough, H (1967) The determination of ammonia in whole blood by direct colorimetric method. Clinica Chimica Acta 17, 297–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, P, Henderson, AR and Heron, SJE (1991) The Biochemistry of Silage, 2nd Edn. Marlow, UK: Chalcombe Publications.Google Scholar
Nikulina, A, Sarnataro, C, Fabro, C, Mason, F and Spanghero, M (2018) In vitro ammonia release of urea-treated high moisture barley and maize grain. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 27, 173–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pesonen, M, Honkavaara, M, Kämäräinen, H, Tolonen, T, Jaakkola, M, Virtanen, V and Huuskonen, A (2013) Effects of concentrate level and rapeseed meal supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and valuable cuts of Hereford and Charolais bulls offered grass silage-barley-based rations. Agricultural and Food Science 22, 151–167.10.23986/afsci.6703CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettersson, T, Bernes, G and Martinsson, K (1998) Ensiled rolled or dried barley grain and different levels of grass and hay to dairy cows. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research 28, 99–109.Google Scholar
Salo, M-L and Salmi, M (1968) Determination of starch by the amyloglucosidase method. Journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland 40, 38–45.Google Scholar
Somogyi, M (1945) A new reagent for the determination of sugars. Journal of Biological Chemistry 160, 61–68.10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43097-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stacey, P, O'Kiely, P, Moloney, AP and O'Mara, FP (2007) Feeding value for finishing beef steers of wheat grain conserved by different techniques. Livestock Science 106, 154–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA (1991) Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed